English

The paper assesses gender disparities in Urban and Regional Planning (URP) education in Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) and Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA). Simple random sampling method was employed to administer 225 questionnaires in both institutions. Secondary data on student’s enrolment between 2003 and 2013 was obtained from the departments of Urban and Regional Planning of both institutions. ‘Factors of Gender Disparity Index’ (FGDI) was developed to measure factors responsible for gender disparities in planning education in the two institutions. Findings revealed that the ratio of male to female in all the academic sessions investigated varies in the selected institutions. In FUTA it was observed that the highest ratio of male: female is 4:1 while the lowest ratio is 5:2. However, in LAUTECH, the highest ‘gender disparity range’ is 7: 4 while the lowest is 3:2. The factor with the highest FGDI in LAUTECH is ‘course is preferably taken by male’ (3.19) while in FUTA, ‘male can handle pressure situations better than female’ (3.1). Other factors of significant FGDI are: ‘very low interest in the course on the part of female students’, and ‘the stress undergone during the process of the course’. The study recommends increasing awareness on the prospects and professional benefits of Urban and Regional Planning (TOPREC) education through the Town Planners’ Registration Council. Policies on tertiary education programme should deal with gender-stereotyped and bias courses. Keywords: gender, disparity, URP, DOI : 10.7176/DCS/9-9-04 Publication date :September 30 th 2019

Open dump disposal is the commonly used means of disposing Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Nigeria, just like in various other developing and underdeveloped countries. The environment (land, air, and water) has become contaminated due to this unwholesome practice of uncontrolled dumping of MSW. Notable among the contaminants are persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This study measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) concentrations of the Igbatoro and Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA) dumpsites' ambient air within 30 days (October 2021). The air samples were collected following the standard operating procedures prescribed by the UNEP (2017) and evaluated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The results obtained revealed that considerable levels of PAH and PCB are found at the dumpsites. The summation of the concentration levels of PAH $$\left(\sum \text{PAH}\right)$$ ∑ PAH for FUTA and Igbatoro dumpsites were 3.55 × 10-5 and 5.51 × 10-5 µ/m3 while $$\sum \text{PCBs}$$ ∑ PCBs are 1.00 and 0.99 $$\text{ng}/{\text{m}}^{3}$$ ng / m 3 . Cancer risk values of 1.10 × 10–5 and 1.23 × 10–5 obtained for FUTA and Igbatoro dumpsites respectively are within the acceptable limits of 1 × 10 −6 to 1 × 10 −4. The inhalation rate analysis values of 1.53 × 10–6 ng TEQ kg−1 day−1(1.53 fg TEQ/kg per day) and 3.38 × 10–6 ng TEQ kg−1 day−1 (3.38 fg TEQ/kg per day) obtained for adults and children respectively at these dumpsites are below the permissible threshold. Despite, being a short-term risk level assessment for the dumpsites, this study highlights the need for effective waste management strategies and the enforcement of environmental regulations to reduce the release of harmful pollutants into the atmosphere, ultimately safeguarding public health and the environment. However, a long-term assessment (annual) of the PAH compounds and PCB congeners within and around the selected dumpsites is recommended for an effective and reliable evaluation of the dumpsite risk, especially concerning ambient air.

The study investigated the health information-seeking behaviour of students at the Federal University of Technology, Akure in Nigeria. Information resources exploited by university students to meet health information needs were also examined. The study made use of the descriptive survey design, randomly sampling respondents’ opinions on reasons for seeking health information and factors that militate against the effective use of health information. Of 377 respondents, 239 (63.4%) of them were disposed to seeking information on physical fitness or exercise and cold or flu. Newspaper (283 or 75.1%) was identified as respondents’ commonest source of health information. For university students, a major inhibitor of health information seeking outside the library is the high cost of accessing health information for personal use (318 or 84.4%). But within the library, the uncooperative attitude of library personnel (240 or 63.7%) was identified as respondents’ major hindrance in accessing health information in the library. The study recommended adequate provision of health information resources for students’ use and regular library personnel training to improve professional skills required for effective dissemination of health information, particularly to university students. Keywords: information, information need, health information, health information-seeking behaviour, university students, library personnel DOI: 10.7176/JIEA/10-2-03 Publication date: March 31 st 2020

Aim: The present study assess the consumption behavior of vitamin A biofortified orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) among agricultural educators in tertiary institutions in Ondo State, Nigeria, and to explore the relationship between their knowledge, perceptions, and actual consumption Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Agricultural faculties of selected tertiary institutions in Ondo State, Nigeria, conducted between October 2023 and February 2024. Methodology: A structured questionnaire was administered to 75 academic staff across three randomly selected institutions (Federal University of Technology, Akure; Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo; Federal College of Agriculture, Akure). The questionnaire assessed consumption patterns, knowledge of health benefits, and perceptions regarding vitamin A biofortified crops. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rank-order correlation. Results: Out of 75 respondents, 65% reported awareness of OFSP, but only 43% had consumed it. Consumption frequency was low, with 57% never having tried OFSP. Knowledge of health benefits was high, with 100% awareness of immune system benefits and 98.4% for vision health. However, the correlation between knowledge and consumption was not significant (r = -0.06, p = 0.59), indicating that awareness did not translate into dietary behavior. Perceptions of safety and nutritional value were positive, yet accessibility issues hindered regular consumption. Conclusion: Despite high awareness and favorable perceptions of OFSP, actual consumption remains low among agricultural educators. This highlights the need for targeted interventions that address practical barriers to increase the adoption of biofortified crops in Nigeria.

The use of social media tools for public relations practice in Nigerian tertiary institutions has witnessed tremendous revolution in the areas of information dissemination and two-way communication process between tertiary institutions and their publics. This study appraises the use of social media as tools for public relations practice in tertiary institutions with focus on the Federal University of Technology, Minna and Niger State College of Education, Minna. The dialogic theory of public relations was used as theoretical basis for this research work. Survey method of research was adopted with three hundred and ninety seven (397) questionnaire administered to respondents in Niger State, Nigeria. It was found that the Federal University of Technology, Minna has adopted the various social media tools as a channel of communication between the institution and its publics more than Niger State College of Education, Minna. It was also found that both the Federal University of Technology, Minna and Niger State College of Education, Minna mostly used Facebook to communicate with their publics. Therefore, this study recommends the need for public relations practitioners to be well trained on the use of various social media tools for the purpose of information dissemination between their organizations and target audience/publics.

Aim: Food processing is one of the post-harvest factors that affect the quality of food products. This research was aimed at evaluating the impact of two drying methods (sun-drying and freeze-drying) on the nutritional and phytochemical contents of Vernonia amygdalina Del.
 Study Design: Processed vegetables of V. amygdalina were subjected to the selected drying methods and the composition of the dried samples was thereafter compared.
 Place and Duration of Study: The eight-month study was carried out at the Food Chemistry Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
 Methodology: Harvested fresh samples of V. amygdalina were first cleaned with distilled water prior to drying. The dried vegetable samples were then ground to powder and subjected to proximate analysis via the application of recommended methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Other nutritional and phytochemical analyses were achieved using standard methods. Independent-samples t-test was used to compare the difference in composition.
 Results: The results showed that except for crude fibre content, there was a statistical significant difference (p < 0.05) in the proximate composition of the vegetable samples obtained from the two drying methods while the freeze-drying method favoured the concentration of most of the dietary minerals tested. The two drying methods were found to give a similar phytochemicals screening result with the sun-dried samples having a higher concentration of total phenols and total flavonoids. The freeze-dried samples, however, had higher vitamin A and C contents.
 Conclusion: The research outcome revealed the suitability of the freeze-drying method for enhanced/improved drying action on vegetables and to have the optimum level of crude protein, major dietary minerals, vitamin A and C in the dried vegetables. Further work is needed to assess the impact of the selected drying methods on antinutrients composition.

Aim: This research aims to develop an improved groundnut roasting and peeling machine that reduces human effort and increases productivity. Study Design: Redesign the existing groundnut roasting machine by incorporating a peeling chamber, fabricate an improved groundnut roasting machine, and evaluate the performance of the groundnut roasting and peeling machine. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria, between 2021-2024. Methodology: The method used consists of designed components utilizing SolidWorks software, which includes a roasting chamber, a peeling chamber, and the necessary specifications for roasting groundnuts, peeling groundnuts, and their required power and speed, which are essential for the completion of this study. Results: This study found that peeling 5 kg of groundnuts by hand takes approximately 3-5 hours, whereas peeling the same quantity using the machine takes 14 minutes, with a peeling efficiency of 90%. It was also observed that the mass before roasting varies significantly, and a machine operating at different revolutions per minute produces different values after peeling. Conclusion: A groundnut roasting and peeling machine was built using readily available materials and is suitable for local production of roasted and peeled groundnut seeds. The machine is easy to operate, repair, and maintain. The technology is affordable and less costly compared to imported roasting and peeling machines. It has low operational costs; it is compact, of moderate weight, produces minimal noise, and operates without vibrations. Therefore, it can be concluded that groundnut weight before roasting varies, and the machine operating at different revolutions per minute yields different peeling results. The time required to peel 5 kg of groundnuts manually is approximately 3-5 hours, whereas the same amount can be peeled using this machine in just 14 minutes. The machine achieves a peeling efficiency of 90% and a capacity of 19.6 kg/hour of peeled groundnuts. This clearly shows that peeling roasted groundnut seeds with this machine is more advantageous than doing so manually, and it represents an improvement over previously fabricated design.

This paper reports of study that was conducted to evaluate runoff rates and sediment yield as affected by different plant densities of amaranthus at the experimental farm of Agricultural Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. The experimentally based study is aimed at determining the runoff and sediment yield relationship as affected by different plant densities of amaranthus at the experimental farm. Treatment were based on four plant densities A (97 plant/m2) B (42 plant/m2) C (125 plant/m2) D (69 plant/m2), runoff depths and sediment yields were measured during the months of August to November 2003. A complete randomized block design was used to evaluate treatment methods on the basis of sediment yield and run off depth. A rainfall-Runoff model was established to enable future occurrence to be predicted. The water balance equation was used to compute the evapotransipiration (ET) for each plot. There were significant differences in sediment yields and run off depths among the treatments at 5% level of significance treatment. A (97 plant/m2) and C (125 plant/m2) were found to have the least amount of runoff and sediment yield, while treatment B (42 plant/m2) and D(69 plants/m2) had the highest amount of runoff and sediment yield. The result confirms the proposition that increased plant densities had a significant effect in reducing runoff and sediment for agricultural lands.

Aims: The effects of Pretilachor pyribenzoxim (PP) pollution on the water quality, serum biochemical indices, and behavioural response of Oreochromis niloticus Juveniles were studied.
 Study Design: The completely randomized design was used in this study.
 Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out in the Central Laboratory of the Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria, between January and March 2023.
 Methodology: The experiment was carried out in 30 L of non-chlorinated and aerated water in rectangular plastic tanks (45cm x 30cm x 30cm). 250 juveniles O. niloticus of both sexes were collected from Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo state and acclimatized for 14days in the laboratory. During rearing period, the fish were fed coppen feed at 2% body weight. In a definitive test, a group of 10 fish specimen (11.3-17.5cm length and 10.5-32.3g weight) were treated at random to nominal PP doses of 0.0, 0.10, 0.125, 0.150, 0.175, and 0.2 ml being diluted in 30 litres of water and labelled T1. T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively in triplicate. The LC50 of PP, test water's physicochemical, behavioural responses and serum biochemical indices were determined.
 Results: The dissolved oxygen depleted (P<0.05) in T5 and T6, compared to T1 and the rest of the treatments. The water conductivity increases (P<0.05) with an increased concentration of PP contamination. The water's total dissolved solids levels increased progressively with an increase in PP concentration. The total dissolved solids in T5 and T6 were similar (P>0.05) to T4 but lower (P<0.05) than T1 and T2. Juveniles in treatments 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 shows behavioural responses such as loss of reflex, fin deformation, erratic swimming, air gulping, and moulting. The serum total protein of the juveniles in treatments 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 was lower (P<0.05) than T1. Serum creatinine level increased with increased PP contamination from treatments 1 to 6. The serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of the juvenile in T3, T4, T5 and T6 were higher (P<0.05) than in T1. The serum Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of the juvenile in T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 were significantly (P<0.05) higher than T1.
 Conclusion: The exposure of juvenile O.niloticus to PP contamination affected the physicochemical properties of water, behaviour and Serum biochemicals of juvenile O. niloticus fish. Hence, leaching of pp into water bodies through Agricultural activities should be mornitored to reduce lost of fish which can lead to economic detune.

Aims: To assessing the effect of boiling and fermentation on Proximate, mineral, dietary fibre and phytochemical compositions of the raw and processed Lentinus squarrosulus mushroom.
 Study Design: The mushroom was cultivated, processed into boiled and fermented flour and then analysed.
 Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Food Science and Technology, the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State and Department of Food Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado Ekiti, between February 2020 and March 2022.
 Methodology: Lentinus squarrosulus spawn was obtained and grown into edible mushroom. The mushroom was divided into three, two portions were processed into boiled and fermented mushroom and the third one was used as control. The three samples were analysed for proximate, mineral, dietary fibre and phytochemical compositions.
 Results: The proximate composition revealed that moisture content ranged between 10.78-11.66%, ash 5.58-6.11%, fat 3.93-5.10%, crude fibre 6.79-7.29%, protein 16.88-20.53%, carbohydrate 51.24-53.88% and the energy value 321.41-330.15 kcal/100 g. Fermentation helped to improve the protein content of the sample. Mineral composition revealed that the samples were significantly different (p<0.05). Fermented sample had higher value in sodium, phosphorus, magnesium and iron, boiled sample was high in calcium and selenium while raw mushroom was high in manganese and zinc. Boiled sample has the least soluble fibre but high in insoluble fibre, this may be as a result of the soluble fibre being dissolved in water during boiling, but fermentation improved the soluble fibre content. The phytochemical composition revealed that fermentation improved the saponin and cardiac glycoside, boiling improved the terpenoid and cardiac glycoside while phlobatannin was only present in a small quantity in raw sample.
 Conclusion: Fermentation and boiling process helped to improve some nutrients in the processed mushroom flour and they can be used as food supplements.

Aims: The growing world population, carbon foot prints of rearing conventional protein sources, issues of protein malnutrition (particularly in developing nations) and the urgent needs of protein-rich food relief materials in crisis situations may necessitate the utilisation of underutilised sustainable, nutritious protein sources. The study was conducted to investigate the possibility of using indigenous food crops and substituting milk powder with edible insects’ powder as a sustainable alternative protein source in high energy rice biscuits.
 Study Design: Biscuits were produced following the standard USAID recipe for HEB and comparisons were made with the insect biscuits and STD.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria, between January 2018 and August 2018.
 Methodology: The high energy biscuits was evaluated for proximate composition, total sugars using Anthrone reagent, micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), physical properties such as spread ratio, weight, width etc. Microbial and sensory quality of the biscuits were also determined using standard methods.
 Results: From the findings of the study, rice biscuits with silkworm pupae had outstanding protein (12.76 g/100 g), fat (15.78 g/100 g) and energy (451.38 Kcal/100 g) contents while biscuit with migratory locust powder had slightly higher total ash and CHO. The spread ratios of the biscuits were within acceptable range. In terms of mineral composition, all the insect biscuits were significantly superior to the milk biscuit except for calcium. However, all the rice HEB exceeded the minimum USAID specifications for nutritive elements. The insect biscuits had more than quadruple the recommended pro-vitamin A content (1200. 67 and 2390.05 μg/100 g) and impressive amounts of vitamin C (94.19 and 52.39 mg/100 g). The microbial assessment revealed HEB with remarkable quality signifying wholesome raw materials and hygienic sample preparation. All samples received good sensorial ranking, but HEB with migratory locust was preferred.
 Conclusion: The results demonstrated that edible insects could serve as alternative protein source in the production of a nutritious high energy biscuit with good organoleptic and microbiological qualities.

The Impact of Socio-Cultural Factors on Small Business Success in Federal University of Technology, Minna Ikupolati, Oni, Ijaiya, Adelabu, Olatunle Abstract Entrepreneurs are responsible for the promotion of enterprises and businesses and cause economic development as they infuse dynamism in economic activity within their territory, manage organizational and technical change, and also promote the innovation and learning culture on such environment. As such, the study investigated the impact of socio-cultural factors on small business success in Federal University of Technology, Minna. This was achieved by determining the effect of social factors, examining the influence of individual culture, investigate the influence of corporate culture and establishing the relationship between Federal University of Technology culture and the success of small businesses in FUT, Minna. The data were obtained from 76 business owners at the two campuses (Bosso and Gidan Kwanu). Random purposive sampling was used and all business owners contacted responded representing 100%. Data collected were analyzed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) using PLS. the findings revealed a positive strong relationship between all the explanatory variables and success of small businesses in FUT, Minna. The study concluded that socio-cultural factors have impact on the success of small business in FUT, Minna. The study recommended that the university management should provide an enabling environment in the two campuses that will ensure businesses thrive. For example, provision of light and water 24hours of the day. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jsbed.v5n2a9

Article Details: Received: 2020-07-12 | Accepted: 2020-08-03 | Available online: 2021-03-31 https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.01.64-77 A 25-weeks trial was carried out to determine the efficacy of feeding Rhizopus stolonifer fermented cocoa pod husk meal (FCPH) meal supplemented with Ronozyme multigrain enzyme (RME) on performance at various stages of growth and age at sexual maturity of grower pullets. Two hundred and forty (240) day old Isa Brown chicks were randomly assigned to six (6) dietary treatments. Each treatment was replicated four times comprising of ten (10) chicks per replicate and arranged in a 3 x 2 factorial in Completely Randomized Design. Rhizopus stolonifer FCPH meal was incorporated into the diet as test ingredient at varying inclusion level of 0%, 10% and 20% based on 100% diet. Each diet was then divided into two, one part void of enzyme and designated as diets I, III and V and the other parts supplemented with RME at 200 mg/kg of the diet and designated as diets II, IV and VI respectively. Weight gain, Feed intake and feed gain ratio were significantly ( p < 0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments with birds fed diet containing 10 % FCPH meal without RME supplementation having highest weight gain across different stages of growth. The effect of enzyme and the interaction between diet and enzyme were not significant ( p ˃ 0.05). Hematological and serum biochemical indices were not significantly ( p ˃ 0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments and were all within normal range. Age at first lay and Egg weight at first lay were also significantly ( p < 0.05) influenced by the dietary treatment. The use of Rhizopus stolonifer FCPH meal supplemented with RME in grower diets markedly increased age at sexual maturity and weight of first egg laid, with birds fed diets containing 10 % FCPH meal fast coming to lay and birds fed 20 % FCPH meal having higher weight of egg at first lay. Egg weight, egg width, shell surface area, shell thickness, yolk length and albumen length were also significantly ( p < 0.05) influenced by the diet treatment. Rhizopus stolonifer FCPH meal up to 10% without RME supplementation can effectively be used in pullet grower’s diets without adversely affecting production performance or sexual maturity into lay. Keywords: Isa Brown, fungi, solid state fermentation, first lay, enzyme supplementation References Adegbenro, M., Oyedun, O.I. and Aletor, V.A. (2020). Evaluation of bread waste fortified with moringa leaf meal on performance and health status of broiler chickens. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 42(2), 152–160. Adeyeye, S. 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Particle dynamics research initiatives at the federal university of technology, akure, nigeria

The study focused on the effectiveness of using bio based preservatives as a controlling measure to biodetoriation from fungi and termite for wood in service. Wood samples of Triplochiton scleroxylon, Gmelina arborea, Ceiba pentandra used for the study were obtained from the sawmill of Ondo State Afforestation Project (OSAP) Oluwa and processed at the wood workshop of the Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure. The sample were converted into 60 mm × 20 mm × 20 mm and seasoned to 12 % moisture content. The samples were treated with bio-preservatives from Parkia biglobosa, Tridax procumbens and tar oil obtained via pyrolysis. This study showed that even though Ceiba pentandra has the highest retention for the preservatives, it is the most susceptible to fungal and termite attack. Gmelina arborea with the lowest retention have resistance to termite and fungal attack, thus, the effectiveness of the preservatives on the wood samples is not only determined by the retention level of each preservative but also the chemical constituent (pH) of the preservative. This study recommends the use of tar oil for preservation of the wood samples against termite where colour is not important while, ethanolic extract of Tridax procumbens can be used to preserve wood against fungal attack.