Enhancing Student Learning Outcomes Using the Engineering Design Process: A Case Study in a Physics Course

Prematurity is a major cause of neonatal mortality as well as a significant contributor to long term adverse health outcomes. 1, 2 At present prematurity has been noted to be the most common cause of under -five mortality globally.3 So that quality of care at birth or skilled care and treatment immediately after birth to first days of life are crucial to save the life of neonates.4This is a non -randomized quantitative quasi experimental study conducted to assess the effect of clustered preterm care programme on perceived parenting self efficacy among mothers of preterm babies. Methods: Participants were 70mothers of preterm babies admitted in NICU, Govt. Medical College Hospital, Thrissur. Socio personal data were collected using semistructured interview. Effect of clustered preterm care programme was assessed by using modified perceived maternal parenting self -efficacy scale (PMP -SE). Association between perceived parenting self -efficacy among mothers of preterm babies and selected variables were also found. Data were analyzed using descriptive, inferential statistics. Results: The mean age of mothers in control group was 24.89 4.37 and in experimental group it was 25.68 5.02. The mean scores of perceived parenting self -efficacy in control group was 40.31 (SD 3.20) and in experimental group was 54.46 (SD 4.14). Findings revealed significant difference in mean score of perceived maternal parenting self -efficacy among mothers of preterm babies in control and experimental group after the intervention. There was statistically significant association between perceived parenting self -efficacy scores among mothers of preterm babies with selected variables like mode of delivery of mother (2= 4.33, p=0.044), place of delivery (2=4.13, p=0.05), number of children (2=7.83, p=0.048), post natal day of preterm babies (2=10.2, p=0.003), birth weight of preterm babies (2=7.83, p=0.015) and gestational age (2=4.93, p=0.049). Conclusion: There is a significant difference in the mean scores of perceived parenting self -efficacy among mothers of preterm babies in control group and experimental group. There is significant association between perceived parenting self -efficacy among mothers of preterm babies with selected variables of mother such as mode of delivery, place of delivery and number of children and clinical variables of preterm babies which include post -natal age and birth weight.

Background: In Nigeria, approximately 80% of women who develop cervical cancer (CC) die annually from the disease. In Benin City, it is the most common type of cancer, accounting for 74.6% of gynecological admissions. The high incidence and death rate of CC are attributable to a lack of knowledge of the disease. Consequently, this study aims to determine the effects of information, education, and communication (IEC) as a strategy for enhancing CC knowledge among women. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study utilized a multi-stage sampling procedure. First, Egor Local Government Area (LGA) was selected out of five LGAs in Benin City by balloting. Second, two health centers, Egor and Evbuotubu, were randomly assigned to the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG), respectively. Third, 200 participants per group were selected using a systematic sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, logistic regression, and repeated analysis of variance at α 0.05. Results: The mean ages of the participants were 38.4 ± 8.0 (EG) and 34.5 ± 8.0 (CG) years. There were no significant differences in age (P = 0.17), educational status (P = 0.18), and occupation (P = 0.43) between the two groups. The participants' knowledge at P1 for the EG (6.3 ± 4.6) was comparable with the CG (8.3 ± 5.4). At P2 and P3, knowledge scores increased significantly in the EG (17.9 ± 2.2; 15.4 ± 3.2, respectively) compared with the CG (8.5 ± 4.9; 8.4 ± 5.4, respectively). Comparisons of P1, P2, and P3 in the EG revealed significant differences in mean scores. Conclusion: An IEC strategy increased knowledge of CC. Therefore, we strongly recommend integrating this approach into public health education strategies for women at primary and secondary health-care centers.

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of a climate-ecosystem program reflect-ing an early childhood play-based curriculum on early childhood development (nature), environmental con-servation attitudes, ecological literacy, and early childhood playfulness. Methods The study participants are 5-year-old children from a kindergarten in Gyeonggi Province, with 13 in-dividuals in the experimental group and 15 individuals in the control group. SPSS 23.0 was used to determine the mean, standard deviation, and reliability coefficient of the study variables. The homogeneity test was conducted using the pre-test mean scores between groups, and the difference between the experimental and control groups was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test based on post-test mean scores. Pre-post differences between the experimental and comparison groups were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results The main research results are as follows: First, the simple difference between the pre-test and post-test mean scores of the study variables revealed improvement in the experimental group(from 0.13 to 1.02 points), while the comparison group showed both an increase(from 0.01 to 0.36 points) and a decrease(from -0.26 to -0.03 points). There was no statistically significant difference in pretest mean scores between the experimental and comparison groups, confirming homogeneity. The pre-post difference test of the experimental group showed statistically significant differences in early childhood development (nature) and environmental conservation atti-tudes and subscales (conservation attitude, recycling attitude, environmental pollution prevention attitude), eco-logical literacy and subscales (nature's rights, intention to support, resource protection, ecological sensitivity, eco-logical social environment, ecological development_reverse, nature governance_reverse, ecological crisis indif-ference), and early childhood playfulness and some subscales (physical spontaneity, social spontaneity, sense of humor). On the other hand, there were no statistically significant differences in the cognitive spontaneity and ex-pression of pleasure sub-domains of preschoolers' playfulness. The pre-post difference test for the comparison group found statistical significance only for ecological sensitivity, a sub-scale of ecological literacy, and physical spontaneity, a sub-scale of preschoolers' playfulness. Second, the factors that resulted in statistically significant differences in post-hoc mean scores between the experimental and comparison groups were environmental con-servation attitudes and their sub-scales, recycling attitudes, ecological literacy and its sub-scales, supportive in-tention, ecological sensitivity, nature dominance(reverse), and ecological crisis indifference. Conclusions The results of this study confirm the effectiveness of climate and ecosystem programs through play. As an extension of this study, we aim to propose collaborative activities with the local community through a living lab approach.

This study examined the effectiveness of a group spiritual care program on leukemia patients' hope and anxiety. This randomized controlled trial involved 94 leukemia patients hospitalized in the two oncology departments of Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Hamadan, Iran. This study was carried out from November 2022 to April 2023. The participants were selected based on the study inclusion criteria using the convenience sampling method then they were randomized to either the experimental (N = 46) or the control group (N = 48). The participants completed the written informed consent form, the demographic information form, and Beck's anxiety and Snyder's hope questionnaires. The spiritual care program was provided in six sessions (one 45-60min per week), including a spiritual needs assessment, religious care, spiritual care, psychological-spiritual care, supportive-spiritual care, and evaluation. The participants then completed Beck's anxiety and Snyder's hope questionnaires immediately, one and two months after the intervention. At baseline, there was no significant between-group difference in leukemia patients' mean scores of hope (P = 0.313) and anxiety (P = 0.141); however, immediately, one and two months after the intervention, a significant between-group difference in the mean scores of hope and anxiety was observed (P < 0.001). Also, from baseline to two months after the intervention, a significant decrease and increase in anxiety and hope mean scores, respectively, were observed in the experimental group (within-group difference) (P < 0.001). However, in the control group, from baseline to two months after the intervention, a significant increase and decrease in mean scores of anxiety and hope, respectively, were observed (within-group difference) (P < 0.001). As a result, it is recommended thatnurses should consider providing spiritual care to leukemia patients as a part of holistic care.

The study determined the effects of cooperative, competitive and individualistic classroom interaction patterns on the performance of secondary school students in Physics. It also examined the moderating effect of gender on dependent measure. The study adopted the pretest, posttest, control group quasi experimental design. The sample consisted of 214 senior secondary school I students (104 males and 110 females) from four intact classes randomly selected in two local government areas of Ogun State using the cluster sampling technique. The classes were randomly assigned to one control group and three experimental groups. The experimental groups were Cooperative Interaction Pattern (COIP), Competitive Interaction Pattern (CMIP), and Individualistic Interaction Pattern (IDIP) while the Conventional Method of Teaching (CVMT) served as the control group. The instrument titled “Physics Achievement Test (PAT)” was used to collect data for the study. Data collected were analysed using t-test and F-statistics. The results showed that the academic performance of secondary school students in Physics was significantly influenced by each of the classroom interaction patterns of Cooperative (t= 23.04, p&lt; 0.05); Competitive (t= 18.18, p&lt; 0.05) and Individualistic (t= 16.10, p&lt; 0.05). The results also showed that there was no significant difference between the performance of male and female students taught using each of the interaction patterns of Cooperative (t= -0.531, p&gt;0.05); Competitive (t= -0.278, p&gt;0.05), and Individualistic (t=0.523, p&gt;0.05). The results further showed that there was significant effect of COIP (t=6.77, p&lt;0.05) and IDIP (4.02, p&lt;0.05) on students’ retention ability but there was no significant effect of CMIP (t=0.98, p&gt;0.05) and CVMT (t=1.23, p&gt;0.05) on the retention ability of the students. The study concluded that the cooperative classroom interaction pattern should be used in Physics classroom as it could improve students’ learning in Physics. Article visualizations:

Introduction: Workplace accidents have been a persistent problem in Malaysia’s manufacturing industry, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Employee behavior has been identified as a significant contributing factor to these accidents, and research has suggested that improving safety knowledge and attitudes can enhance safety behavior. Despite this, there have been no empirical intervention studies in Malaysia to investigate the effectiveness of safety intervention programs aimed at improving SME worker safety behavior. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of the Occupational Hazard Self-Evaluation Module (OHSEM) intervention in enhancing safety knowledge, attitudes, and behavior (KAB) among SME workers in the manufacturing sector. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with control group was utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of the OHSEM intervention. The intervention was implemented over a 12-week period on production workers in the experimental group, while the control group received no intervention. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 88 production workers in both groups before and after the intervention to measure the improvement of safety KAB. Descriptive analysis and an independent t-test were used to analyse the data. Results: The post-test results showed that safety KAB for the control group was moderate (mean = 2.11), while the mean score in the experimental group was high (m=4.17). Furthermore, the t-test result revealed a significant difference in safety KAB mean scores between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: This study provides empirical evidence on the effectiveness of the OHSEM intervention in enhancing safety KAB in SMEs in the Malaysian SME (manufacturing) sector.

This mixed methods study aims to determine the effects of the developed Gradual Release of Responsibility Instructional Model (GRRIM) learning module on the academic achievement of Grade 9 students in Geometry. The topic chosen for the module development is one of the students’ identified least learned competencies, particularly in parallelograms and their properties. The study participants were five (5) module development experts and 110 students grouped into control and experimental groups. The control group was exposed to DepEd SLM, while the experimental group was exposed to GRRIM LM. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, mean, independent samples t-test, and ANCOVA. The results of the thematic analysis of the focus group discussion revealed a module’s characteristics that embody the GRRIM approach’s different stages. Furthermore, findings indicated that after the intervention, the experimental group’s post-test mean scores were found to be at a moderate level. In contrast, the control group remained at a low level. Finally, the study revealed that when pre-test mean scores were treated as a covariate, there was a significant difference in the post-test mean scores between the control and experimental groups. The findings revealed that the students exposed to GRRIM LM performed better than those exposed to DepEd SLM.

Menopausal women in suburban regions often face challenges in accessing healthcare resources, leading to lower health literacy and reduced quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an education intervention based on self-efficacy theory on the quality of life, self-efficacy and health literacy of menopausal women living in suburban areas. This Quasi- experimental study was conducted on 214 suburban menopausal women in Mashhad-Iran from 2021 to 2022. At first, women were divided into intervention and control groups by a simple random method. Intervention group received training in four sessions based on the self-efficacy theory. The questionnaires used in this study were TOFLA (Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults), Scherer’s self-efficacy and MENQOL (Menopausal Quality of Life). Questionnaires were completed before intervention, immediately, and 3 months later. The mean score of quality of life in the experimental group before intervention was 80 ± 27.33, immediately after intervention was 62.66 ± 22.45, and after 3 months was 51.12 ± 23.57 and this improvement was significant (p < 0.001). However, in the control group, there was no significant difference in mean score of quality of life before, immediately and 3 months after the intervention(p > 0.05). The mean score of health literacy in the experimental group before the intervention was 9.36 ± 11.36, immediately after the intervention was 20.65 ± 11.41, and three months after the intervention was 21.09 ± 11.78 (p < 0.001). Results from the study indicated that educational interventions based on the self-efficacy model is an appropriate strategy to promote quality of life and health literacy in menopausal women.

The instructional-educational process in learning to swim plays a crucial role in children's development. Approaching methods and use in training practices of all ages and performance levels have been the subject of ever deeper research, so that the effectiveness of training in this area is increasingly visible. The issue of motivation in sports is a topical issue because it is essential for athletes' involvement and performance. Although material stimulation can be considered an important factor in motivating athletes, it is not necessarily enough to commit them to an extremely difficult and risky path, such as that of performance sports. Athletes' motivation stems from a complex combination of factors, including passion for sport, the desire to demonstrate their skills and talents, the aspiration to achieve personal and collective goals, and the desire to achieve recognition and satisfaction through sporting success. The purpose of the research is to identify the level of motivation for swimming and performance of children aged 9-10 years. Research method: the test Motivation for swimming of children aged 9-10 years (adaptation after N. Luskanova) The test was applied by the researcher in October 2022 to a number of 30 children aged 9-10 who practice swimming in the Tirgoviște Swimming Complex and CSȘ Tirgoviște Swimming Pool. Depending on age, we have, within the experimental group, 7 children aged 9 and 8 children aged 10. Within the control group, we identify 6 children aged 9 years and 9 children aged 10 years. We observe that the two groups are homogeneous, referring to the age variable. Regarding the gender of the subjects who are part of the group subjected to the experiment, we observe homogeneity in terms of gender, in each group there are 5 girls and 10 boys. The distribution according to the residential environment from which they come is as follows: from the experimental group 3 subjects come from the rural environment and 12 from the urban environment, and in the control group 1 subject comes from the rural environment and 14 from the urban environment The test results can be seen in Table 1. The difference between the values obtained between the experimental and control groups is not significant from a statistical point of view, since the values of the statistical indicators are close, we observe small differences between them.Table 1. Distribution of results on the Motivation for swimming test of children aged 9-10 years (adaptation according to N. Luskanova), experimental group and control group (n=20 boys)tabelThe differences between the two groups in the statistical indicators are variable, the difference between the averages is small, 0.6 points, in the standard deviation the difference between the groups is 0.77 points, the minimums recorded are equal to 15 points, and the difference between the maximums of the groups is 1 point. These results show homogeneity regarding the level of motivation between the experimental group and that of the control group. Table 2. Analysis of the level of motivation for swimming in the experimental and control groups, boystabelWe find that the level of motivation for swimming of the interviewed subjects is good. On the first level are ranked 2 subjects from the experimental group SC with 26 points and CR with 25 points, and from the control group subject MR with 25 points. These subjects have a very good motivation to practice swimming. On the second level, a number of 3 subjects from experimental group II are ranked with 24 points, AN with 23 points, AT with 20 points and six control subjects BM with 24 points, NA and RN with 23 points each, CI, AI and VE with 21 points each. The motivation of these subjects is characterized as good. Level III, respectively of relatively good motivation, has 5 subjects from the experimental group in the ranking: DF with 19 points, MG with 18 points, BL and IA with 17 points, GI with 15 points. In the control group, three subjects were registered on this level: BG with 19 points, RO with 18 points and DC with 15 points. None of the subjects was ranked on level IV-weak motivation and on level 5-very weak motivation. Overall, the motivation of 9-10 year olds for swimming is good and relatively good. In the following we will analyze the results recorded by the girls' teams. Table 3. Distribution of results on the Motivation for swimming test of children aged 9-10 years (adaptation according to N. Luskanova), experimental group and control group, (n= 5 girls)tabelThe difference between the values obtained between the experimental and control groups is not statistically significant as the values of the statistical indicators are close in value. The difference between the averages of the two groups is 1.04 points, the standard deviation being 2.82 points in the case of the experimental group and 1.49 in the case of the control group. The difference between the minimum values is 1 point, and between the maximum values is 4 points in favor of the experimental group. The results obtained by the girls from the two groups subjected to the experiment, in the Motivation for swimming test of children aged 9-10 years, are as follows: on the first level, with a very good motivation, only GM ranked with 26 points, from the experimental group , on level II, with good motivation, the subjects AF with 22 points and BM with 20 points from the experimental group and DV with 22 points, AN and IF with 20 points each from the control group are highlighted. On level III, relatively good motivation, there are EL with 19 points and MT with 18 points from the experimental group and BP and NO with 18 points each from the control group. Table 4 Analysis of the level of motivation for swimming in the experimental and control groups, girlstabelConclusions The analysis of the obtained data shows us that both groups subjected to the experiment, both in the case of boys and girls, have a good motivation for swimming, but there is a need to increase the level of motivation to maintain interest in this sport and to register performance, through specific activities. We believe that an increased level of motivation among children between the ages of 9 and 10 in swimming practice can have a significant impact on their development both in sports and personally. In correlation with the research results, we propose the following recommendations: - For each group of children, by age level, a psychological training program targeting the motivational component will be developed, which will be integrated into the training process. This program will be adapted to the specific needs of the group and will aim to adapt motivation and, implicitly, sports performance. - The psychological training program will include strategies and techniques to support the development of children's motivation for swimming, promoting commitment, the desire to excel and perseverance in training and competitions. This could include, among other things, visualization sessions, stability of personal goals, working with thoughts and emotions to maintain a positive mindset and focus on success.

This research investigated the effectiveness of AI-powered virtual field trips compared to other traditional forms of learning regarding student learning outcomes and student engagement for secondary school students from Pakistani schools. This research was designed quasi-experimentally involving 240 students from 9th and 10th grades in Lahore and Karachi, which were further sub-divided into equal experimental and control groups. The students in the experimental group were able to take AI-powered virtual field trips to various historical and cultural sites and scientific laboratories in Pakistan over 8 weeks while the students in the control group had traditional instruction. Synchronous data collection was done using a combination of pre-tests and post-tests, classroom observation checklists, and post-lesson structured questionnaires. The analysis done using SPSS and other forms of statistical analysis showed that the experimental group had higher learning outcomes and occupied themselves at a higher level of engagement in classroom activities. AI-powered virtual field trips improved students' motivation and knowledge retention, as the data indicated. According to the data obtained in the study, the students in the experimental group were more enthusiastic about learning and were more active in the lessons delivered. The findings of the research showed that the use of AI-powered virtual field trips in lessons in secondary schools in Pakistan was a way to improve the students' learning MetaMetrics in terms of the higher order and the lower order and affection in a less resourced educational setting.

The effect of computer assisted grammar teaching on the academic success of classroom teacher candidates

The purpose of this quasi- experimental study was to determine the effect of exercise consultation program based on Transtheoretical Model (TTM) approach on exercise behavioral change, blood glucose and body mass index (BMI) in patients of T2DM with overweight. The two comparison groups, quasi-experimental study were purposively designed for pre-test/post-test procedures; 61 patients of T2DM allocated into the experimental (31 patients) and the control (30 patients) groups. While the experimental group received the exercise consultation for 12 weeks, the control group received routine care. Comparative assessments on differences in exercise behavioral changes, blood glucose and BMI were examined both within and between groups using Chi-Square test and t-test. After receiving exercise consultation program, 54.8 % of participants of the experimental group had progressed to the action stage of change of TTM, while the majority of the participants in the control group (43.3%) remained in the same stages of TTM, and only 3.3 % of the participants had progressed to the maintenance stage. This proportion of exercise behavior change between the groups was significantly statistical different (Chi-Square = 000, p &lt;0.05). Blood glucose significantly decreased in the experimental group (p &lt; .05), but there was no significant difference in the control group.No significant difference of mean scores of BMI of participants between the experimental group and the control group post-intervention of exercise consultation program (p &gt; .05). In conclusion, the exercise consultation program could promote the exercise behaviors. This also improves health outcome on blood glucose among patients of T2DM who.Keywords: transtheoretical model; physical exercise; type 2 diabetes

Introduction Pregnancy and birthing are two supernatural processes that form the creation of life. Many pregnant women prefer caesarean section due to labour pain. To reduce the complications and enhance the early recovery of mother, early ambulation is very effective. Caesarean section mothers still lie straight in bed for minimum 24 hours. Through the research study, I would like to encourage the post-partum mothers for early ambulation and check the effects of early ambulation on involution of uterus. Objective: To assess the involution of uterus in control and interventional group among post-natal caesarean mothers in pre-test. To evaluate the effectiveness of selected intervention in experimental group on involution of uterus after early ambulation. To find the association between pre-test intervention score with selected socio demographic variables. Method: The study design was quasi experimental research design in which total 70 samples were selected through purposive sampling technique, 35 samples were in control group and 35 samples were in experimental group. In this study, researcher assessed fundal height just after 6 hours of caesarean section delivery and initiated early ambulation which involves Assist patient in sitting position, assist in standing position and walking, breathing exercises, kegal exercises and leg sliding exercises. fundal height is monitored in experimental group after intervention and in control group also, to measure the differences between the fundal height. Results: The findings showed that the pretest mean score of control group was 17.23 with SD 0.899 similarily in experimental group was 17.10 with SD 0.778. The post-test mean score for control group was12.986 with SD 0.660 similarly in experimental group 10.083 with SD 1.376. P value in pretest was 0.5338 which was no significant showed that no significance difference between experimental and control group before intervention and p value of post test in control and experimental group is 0.0001 which was significant showed that there was significant difference in post test level of uterine involution among post natal caesarean mothers in control and experimental group. The mean difference between pretest &amp; posttest of control group was 4.249 and in experimental group means difference was 7.026 this showed that there was significant effect of early ambulation in involution of uterus among post natal caesarean mothers. There was significant mean difference between post test of control and experimental group showed significant reduction in fundal height after early ambulation in experimental group. Conclusion: Therefore early ambulation was effective in reducing fundal height after caesarean section in post natal mothers.

A study of two 100-person groups of juvenile delinquents born in 1959 was conducted in the years 1981‒1985 at the Department of Criminology, Institute of Legal Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences. The first (experimental) group consisted of boys randomly selected from the total of 225 juveniles born in 1959 who had committed at least on offence while intoxicated. The other (control) group were 100 randomly juveniles selected from the entire population of 8196 juvenile delinquents born in 1959. None of the juveniles selected for the experimental group happened to find themselves in the control group as well. As shown by the findings, the juveniles who had committed at least one offence while intoxicated were much more demoralized as a group than the whole of juvenile delinquents. It seemed interesting, therefore, to follow the further fates of both groups as adults. The follow-up period was 7 years; until that time, all of the examined persons reached the age of 25 when the average Polish man be- comes stabilized to some extent, having graduated from university, worked for several or a dozen years (upon completion of secondary or elementary education respectively), and frequently having also established a family. Data on the life situation of the young men from both examined groups on their 25th birthday were obtained from the following four sources: ‒ the Central Register of Convicted Persons kept by the Ministry of Justice, and the Register of Convicted and Detained Persons where criminal records of the entire sample were checked; ‒ files of criminal cases of all men with criminal records (47.0% of the experimental and 35.0% of the control group); the files concerned criminal proceedings before common courts for offences committed after coming of age; ‒ questionnaire survey of 63.0% of the experimental and 66.0% of the control group; ‒ inquiry submitted to the sobering-up stations concerning the entire sample. As shown by the findings, 24.0% of the experimental and 13.0% of the control group established their own families before the age of 25. The proportions are high, as regards the experimental group in particular: erly in the 1980s, the newly married constituted about 10% of the total male population aged 20‒24 in Poland. The mean educational level was higher in the control compared to the experimental group; this concerns first and foremost cases of education higher than the elmementary technical (of which there were two in the experimental compared to ten in the control group). Moreover, no cases of illiteracy could be found in the control group, compared to one such case in the experimental group. Of all the men of the experimental group concerning whom data could be obtained, 80.4% had a regular job, and 19.6% stayed out of job or worked casually. Of the control group, 80.0% had a regular job (33% combining job with school), 18.3% stayed out of job or worked casually, and one person had entered university. The number of convicted persons in the experimental group (47) was larger compared to the control group (35) by 12.0%, the difference being significant. Also relapse into crime was higher in the expenmental group (l5 vs. 11 cases). The first offence committed by those convicted as young adults was mainly one against property: 35 cases in the experimental group (66.0% of all those convicted) and 28 cases in the control group (80.0%). The second most frequent offence of members of the experimental group was an aggressive act: against life and health, freedom, personal dignity and inviolability (10 persons, i.e. 18.8% of all those convicted). The offences of this type included: bodily injury (Art. 156 of the penal code – 3 persons, i.e. 6.4%); participation in a brawl or beating (Art. 158 and 159 – 1 person, i.e. 2.1%); infringement of bodily inviolability (Art. 182 – 3 persons, i.e. 6.4%); assault against a public functionary (Art. 233 and 234 – 1 person, i.e. 2.1%); insult against a public functionary (Art. 236 – 1 person, i.e. 2.1%). In the control group, 6 cases of such offences could be found (9.1% of all those convicted); yet the only offence under Art. 148 1 of the penal code, that is homicide, had been committed by a member of that goup.The other discussed figures and proportions were respectively: Art. l58, 159 – 3 persons, i.e. 8.6%; Art. 182 – 1 person (2.9%); Art. 233, 234 – 1 person (2.9%); and Art. 236 – 1 person (29%). Beside offences, the two groups manifested also other synptoms of social maladjustment. The symptoms found most often in both groups were: “contacts with persons known to the police as delinquent” and stays at the sobering-up station. As regards the experimental group, the third frequent symptom were brawls in the place of residence followed by bad opinion with neighbors, hooliganism, and avoidance of work. In the control group, avoidance of work ranked third, followed by bad opinion with neighbors, hooliganism, and brawls at the place of residence. This ranking of frequency of the symptoms of social maladjustment points to a greater aggressiveness of the young men from the experimental group. On the 63 young men from the experimental group concerning whom data could be obtained, 62 (98.0%) drank alcohol. In the control group 59 (89.0%) of the 66 concerning whom data could be obtained were drinkers. The group of drinkers included all those who had drunk several times a week already as juveniles, and 70% of those who had drunk once a week. In the control group, drinkers included 91.7% of those who had drunk as juvoniles (11 of 12 cases). Of those who had drunk as juveniles in the control group, 66.7% (8 cases) were convicted as adults. As shown by the discussed data, young men from the experimental group – those who committed as juveniles at least one offence while intoxicated prove much inferior in terms of the social situation to other men who also committed offences as juveniles but did not drink alcohol. Therefore, early alcohol consumption among juvenile delinquents is an important factor of a negative prognosis as to the further fates of such persons. A number of postulates have been formulated, addressed at the prosecuting agencies, criminal justice, and institutions designed to assist persons in extraordinary situation. With respect to the present sample, all such postulates acquire special importance and must be met without fail. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi kontynuację opracowania: Nieletni sprawcy przestępstw popełnionych pod wpływem alkoholu, „Archiwum Kryminologii” 1991, t. XVIII.

&lt;span&gt;In the realm of education, learning and instructional activities play a crucial role in cultivating lasting and meaningful comprehension among science students. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the i-Genius module in enhancing students’ performance in science. The i-Genius module’s development adhered to the ADDIE model, and two specific research questions were formulated: i) is there a statistically significant difference in mean scores between the experimental and control groups? and ii) to what extent can i-Genius contribute to students’ conceptual evolution compared to traditional methods? To address these questions, a sequential mixed-method approach involving interviews, pre-tests, and post-tests was implemented in two distinct schools in the Seremban District. The experimental group comprised 35 participants, and the control group also included 35 students with similar characteristics. Student performance, assessed through pre-test and post-test mean scores, revealed that students exposed to i-Genius achieved significantly higher scores than those exposed to traditional methods in the post-test (t(68)=8.37, p&amp;lt;0.05). This study’s implications lie in its practical application within the school context, offering an alternative instructional tool for teaching science and presenting an instructional model to guide teachers in formulating strategies that encourage problem-posing within the science curriculum.&lt;/span&gt;