Enhancing the Security of Chaotic Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Communication Through WFRFT

Weighted fractional Fourier transform encrypted chaotic direct sequence spread spectrum (WFRFT-CD3S) signal is aperiodic and complex Gaussian distributed. The aperiodicity and complex Gaussian distribution are conducive to the covert transmission of information but also make it difficult to acquire the WFRFT-CD3S signal. An acquisition method implemented in two steps is proposed to acquire the Doppler-shifted WFRFT-CD3S signal. First, a bidirectional correlation search method is proposed to align the received signal with the local spreading sequence in the time domain. The correlation peak attenuation caused by the Doppler frequency shift is eliminated by differential. Second, the accumulated phase angle caused by the Doppler frequency shift is obtained by the differential correlation value between the aligned received signal and the local spreading sequence. Then, the Doppler frequency shift is estimated by the accumulated phase angle. The detection probability, the false alarm probability, and the root mean square error (RMSE) of the Doppler shift estimation are analyzed theoretically and simulated. The theoretical results are verified by simulation. Theoretical results and simulations show that the detection probability is higher than 0.999, the false alarm probability is less than 0.001, and the RMSE of Doppler shift estimation is lower than 63 Hz when the signal-to-noise ratio is higher than -7.3 dB.

A novel method of multipath diversity signal combination is proposed for mobile direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) communications. Multiple transmissions are made for each spread signal. Each transmission is independently delayed and amplified in the complex domain according to the delay profile and the estimated path strength of the channel. This is done to facilitate reception of a signal at the mobile unit which is already a RAKE combination of the multipath signals. This method is called a pre-RAKE combination system because the RAKE combination function is performed pre-transmission. Using this method the size and complexity of the mobile unit can be kept to a minimum. The pre-RAKE method retains the advantages of diversity reception in a multi-path fading environment. An examination of the SNR for the traditional RAKE and the pre-RAKE systems and computer simulations show that the performance of the pre-RAKE system is equivalent to that of the RAKE system. >

The time-frequency (TF) filter design of non-stationary signals especially chirp signals are studied in the fractional domain. The design of TF/ linear time variant (LTV) filter is implemented as a non-overlapping short time fractional Fourier transform (STFRFT). The first step of our method involves detecting the presence of a multi component linear FM interference and correctly estimating its orientation in the time-frequency plane using cross spectral estimation of signal parameter via rotational invariant technique. This paper introduces a novel algorithm to excise single and multicomponent chirp-like interferences in direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) communication. The proposed method excises the interference with high interference power condition, and technique could be easily extended to any kind of chirp interference with little modification

Remote labs have become popular learning aids due to their versatility and considerable ease of utilisation as compared to their physical counterparts. At Makerere University, the remote labs are based on the standard Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) iLabs Shared Architecture (ISA) - a scalable and generic platform. Presented in this paper is such a lab, addressing the key practical aspects of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) communication. The lab is built on the National Instruments Educational Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Suite (NI ELVIS) with the Emona Digital and Analog Telecommunications Experimenter (DATEx) add-on board. It also incorporates switching hardware. The lab facilitates real-time control of the equipment, with users able to set, manipulate and observe signal parameters in both the frequency and the time domains. Simulation and data Acquisition modes of the experiment are supported to provide a richer learning experience.

Clock and carrier recovery are very critical in high speed digital wireless communication for achieving high data rate with low packet error rate. In this paper, we propose a linear estimator for both clock and carrier recovery in a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) communication system and show that this is also the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator. We present simulation results to illustrate the convergence of the estimator under different multipath channel conditions.

Chaotic sequences have good correlation properties and they can be used as address sequences in Spread Spectrum Communication. Chaotic functions are highly sensitive to initial condition and exhibit non-linear behavior. In Chaotic spread spectrum communication systems, different user may be assigned different sequences generated with different initial conditions. Set of binary sequences with good pair wise cross- correlation property finds applications in Direct Sequence- Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) systems. Security in Direct Sequence-Code Division Multiple Access systems is relatively limited. To enhance security in Direct Sequence- Code Division Multiple Access systems, chaotic sequences are generated. In this paper we analyze the generation of chaotic binary sequences and study of auto correlation and cross correlation properties.

Communication using power line as a medium of signal transmission offers a convenient and inexpensive solution for multimedia signal transmission and control applications. This paper aims to present a de-noising scheme which is a combination between chaotic spread spectrum sequence system and the wavelet transform in power line communications (PLC). The proposed communication scheme is based on two key ideas. The first concept consists of the use of the spread-spectrum based on chaotic sequence in order to minimize interference caused by the power line and to secure the transmission information. The second idea consists of the use of discrete wavelet transform to reduce the noise from a chaotic sequence. Signal-to-noise (SNR) and root mean squared error (RMSE) are made. Analyses of bit error rate (BER) illustrate the superior communication performance of the proposed PLC de-noising scheme based on chaotic spread spectrum and wavelet.

The research on the balance of chaotic sequence has important significance to spread-spectrum communication. The relationship between the balance and the parameter of four typical chaotic maps (Chebyshev, improved Logistic, Logistic and Tent) was discussed. The new numeric ranges of initial value and fractal parameter were decided, which provided reference for the generation of chaotic spread-spectrum sequence. Through the graphs of the four chaotic sequences' balance and the error-bit rate performance of these systems with the four chaotic sequences' map parameters, the new numeric ranges were validated. Both simulation results and the analysis show that the balance of Chebyshev is the best.

Deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with a large number of nodes have reinstated interest in spread spectrum (SS) technologies as they allow to establish multiple access for nodes with simple hardware and limited power budget. Chaotic spreading is one of the still insufficiently explored areas which can lead to higher security and lower multiple access interference (MAI). This research is intended to bring new information about the performance of binary direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) communication systems which employ chaos-based spreading codes and compare them against classical systems employing m-sequences. Unlike existing research, this investigation is based on the simulation of passband communication systems with up/down-conversion and respective filtering. Performance comparison in terms of bit error ratio (BER) versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the different number of users and MAI dependence on carrier frequency offset among users in case of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel are presented. Obtained results highlight several scenarios where chaotic-sequences-based binary DSSS and FHSS systems have advantages over classical solutions.

As the widely investigation of chaotic sequence in the application of communication, binary and quaternary phaseshift keying modes have been extensively adopted in spread spectrum communication. Based on Chebyshev chaotic mapping, binary-phase and quadric-phase chaotic spreading sequences are generated, and the relationship among the performance of balance and fractal parameter, initial value and the period of sequence are analyzed. The non-balanced points which should be avoided in the chaotic sequence when applying in CDMA system are proposed. Aiming at the problem which the conventional degree of balance functions only investigates the balance of the 2- valued sequence, the maximum balanced difference method is proposed. The definition of maximum balanced difference is proposed. We analyze the balance performance of quadric-phase Chebyshev sequence. Experimental results show that the maximum balanced difference function can replace the traditional binary-phase degree of balance function to research the balance of digital 2-valued and multi-valued sequence, which has better universality.

Jammer suppression in spread spectrum communication using novel independent component analysis approach

This study introduces the group delay and its characteristics in satellite channel, meanwhile, the model of the impact of group delay ripple on performance of direct sequence spread spectrum communication system is established and simulated for analysis. The simulation results indicate the specific impact of group delay ripple on system, as well as the impact of group delay ripple on the transmission and reception signals in the spread spectrum communication system. For transmission signals in the spread spectrum system, the group delay ripple can worsen the EVM and Eye-diagram of spread spectrum signal, cause signal distortion and the deterioration of noise tolerance. For the reception performance of the spread spectrum system, the group delay ripple has little effect on the spread spectrum acquisition using incoherent accumulation and energy judgment, but it can cause a deterioration in the error performance of the reception signal. For example, when relative group delay increases from 0.011 to 0.9, the error performance decreases by about 2 dB. When designing satellite spread spectrum communication systems, power resources are extremely precious, it is necessary to consider the impact of group delay on the communication system, and take certain measures to reduce the impact of group delay ripple to the system.

A weighted fractional Fourier transform (WFRFT) based on channel state information (CSI), aiming to safeguard the physical (PHY) layer security of wireless communication system, is proposed. With the proposed scheme, WFRFT is first applied to satellite communications such that the transmitted signal is distorted and can only be neutralized by inverse‐WFRFT with the same parameter. Moreover, by exploiting the physical properties of wireless channels, the CSI matrix is transformed as a secret key. In addition, by adding phase rotation (PR) factors to each branch of the WFRFT system, a new unitary matrix with the encryption properties is constructed, and hence, the satellite communications secrecy is reliably guaranteed due to the variation in signal characteristics. Finally, the efficacy of the security enhancement is evaluated in terms of the average bit error rate (BER) and the secrecy capacity. Simulation results show that the proposed encryption method can make the detection and demodulation more difficult for the eavesdropper.

Jammers characterized by their instantaneous frequencies can be effectively mitigated in direct sequence spread spectrum communications by using open-loop adaptive excision filters. The primary requirement for these filters is that they must possess a notch in tune with the jammer instantaneous frequency (IF) to annihilate the interference power at every time sample. The interference time-varying frequency can be obtained using existing IF estimators, including quadratic time-frequency distribution methods. Without focusing on any specific estimator, we develop expressions for the receiver performance using a general class of multiple-zero FIR excision filters and show the dependence of the bit error rate (BER) on the filter order and its group delay. The effect of inaccuracies in the jammer instantaneous frequency information on the receiver performance is considered and evaluated as a function of the filter notch bandwidth. The latter is defined by the filter zero multiplicity, which is shown to be an important factor in the analysis of the correlator signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

A novel technique to excise single and multi-component chirp-like interferences in direct sequence spread spectrum communications is proposed. The received signal is decomposed into its time-frequency (TF) functions using an adaptive signal decomposition algorithm and the TF functions are mapped onto the TF plane. The TF plane is optimized and treated as an image, and the interference represented in the TF plane is detected using the Hough-Radon transform (HRT). Simulation results with synthetic models have shown successful performance for the excision of linear and non-linear chirp interferences. The method has shown immunity to both white noise and multiple interferences even under very low SNR conditions of -10 dB.