Enterprise Decision-making Framework for Chemical Product Design in Integrated Biorefineries

Systematic decision making methodology for chemical product design in integrated biorefineries

Integrated chemical product-process design: CAPE perspectives

The quality of fine chemical material production is a very important content in chemical production process. It is necessary to do a good job of process control related factors, strengthen the research on relevant characteristics, and further point out the production index of fine chemical industry. In order to ensure the effectiveness of chemical production. In recent years, the rapid development of information technology, including big data, cloud computing, industrial interconnection, mobile interconnection, robot, artificial intelligence and deep learning, has created new opportunities for the upgrading of fine chemical process detection and control technology. Therefore, in-depth analysis and study of the characteristics of fine chemical production process and the current situation and development trend of process parameter detection and control technology, and in-depth study of new fine chemical process measurement and control technology will be necessary to improve the comprehensive automation level of fine chemical process and promote the development of fine chemical production technology which will also produce important economic benefits and technical value.

The Mississippi Consortium for the Utilization of Biomass was formed via funding from the US Department of Energy's EPSCoR Program, which is administered by the Office of Basic Science. Funding was approved in July of 1999 and received by participating Mississippi institutions by 2000. The project was funded via two 3-year phases of operation (the second phase was awarded based on the high merits observed from the first 3-year phase), with funding ending in 2007. The mission of the Consortium was to promote the utilization of biomass, both cultured and waste derived, for the production of commodity and specialty chemicals. These scientific efforts, although generally basic in nature, are key to the development of future industries within the Southeastern United States. In this proposal, the majority of the efforts performed under the DOE EPSCoR funding were focused primarily toward the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic feedstocks and biogas from waste products. However, some of the individual projects within this program investigated the production of other products from biomass feeds (i.e. acetic acid and biogas) along with materials to facilitate the more efficient production of chemicals from biomass. Mississippi is a leading state in terms of raw biomass production. Its top industries are timber, poultry production, and row crop agriculture. However, for all of its vast amounts of biomass produced on an annual basis, only a small percentage of the biomass is actually industrially produced into products, with the bulk of the biomass being wasted. This situation is actually quite representative of many Southeastern US states. The research and development efforts performed attempted to further develop promising chemical production techniques that use Mississippi biomass feedstocks. The three processes that were the primary areas of interest for ethanol production were syngas fermentation, acid hydrolysis followed by hydrolyzate fermentation, and enzymatic conversion. All three of these processes are of particular interest to states in the Southeastern US since the agricultural products produced in this region are highly variable in terms of actual crop, production quantity, and the ability of land areas to support a particular type of crop. This greatly differs from the Midwestern US where most of this region's agricultural land supports one to two primary crops, such as corn and soybean. Therefore, developing processes which are relatively flexible in terms of biomass feedstock is key to the southeastern region of the US if this area is going to be a 'player' in the developing biomass to chemicals arena. With regard to the fermentation of syngas, research was directed toward developing improved biocatalysts through organism discovery and optimization, improving ethanol/acetic acid separations, evaluating potential bacterial contaminants, and assessing the use of innovative fermentors that are better suited for supporting syngas fermentation. Acid hydrolysis research was directed toward improved conversion yields and rates, acid recovery using membranes, optimization of fermenting organisms, and hydrolyzate characterization with changing feedstocks. Additionally, a series of development efforts addressed novel separation techniques for the separation of key chemicals from fermentation activities. Biogas related research focused on key factors hindering the widespread use of digester technologies in non-traditional industries. The digestion of acetic acids and other fermentation wastewaters was studied and methods used to optimize the process were undertaken. Additionally, novel laboratory methods were designed along with improved methods of digester operation. A search for better performing digester consortia was initiated coupled with improved methods to initiate their activity within digester environments. The third activity of the consortium generally studied the production of 'other' chemicals from waste biomass materials found in Mississippi. The two primary examples of this activity are production of chemical feedstocks from lignin and the production of high valued lipids from wastewater treatment sludges. Lignin conversion research, done in collaboration with DOE's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), studied ligninases derived from bacteria found within the gut of wood degrading insects, such as termites and the Betsey beetle. This research attempted to use these enzymes to reduce lignin down to aromatic chemicals capable of chemical conversation for production of value-added chemicals. The biodiesel efforts attempted to development economically viable methods for the separation of lipids from wastewater bacteria (which make up the bulk of sewage sludge) which were then converted to biodisel.

The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, provided the fundamental principles (Rio Declaration) and the program of action (Agenda 21) for achieving sustainable development. Sustainable chemistry is understood as the contribution of chemistry to the implementation of the Rio Declaration and Agenda 21.The conservation and management of resources for development are the main focus of interest, where chemistry will have to make a considerable contribution by more efficient and environmentally more benign chemical processes by the following: providing chemical products that are environmentally more benign and that allow us to enhance significantly the efficiency of production processes in other industrial areas combined with minor environmental impact and allowing the consumer to use resources more effectively.Innovations are investigated exemplarily for a sustainable development with regard to their ecological, economical, and social dimensions from an integrated and interdisciplinary perspective. Since base chemicals are produced in large quantities and important product lines are synthesized from them, their resource‐saving production is especially important for a sustainable development. In the long run, renewable resources that are catalytically processed could replace fossil raw materials. Separation methods existing today must be improved considerably to lower material and energy consumption. Chemistry might become the pioneer of an innovative energy technique. The design of chemical products should make possible a sustainable processing and recycling and should prevent their bioaccumulation. Methods and criteria to assess their contribution to a sustainable development are necessary. The time taken to introduce the new more sustainable processes and products has to be diminished by linking their development with operational innovation management and with efficient environmental–political control procedures.

Robust chemical product design via fuzzy optimisation approach

A never-ending search for the truth: Thermodynamics in the uncertain era of the internet

CAPE methods and tools for systematic analysis of new chemical product design and development

Integrated design of emulsified cosmetic products: A review

Review of pressurized chemical looping processes for power generation and chemical production with integrated CO2 capture

High-temperature fermentation using thermophilic microorganisms may provide cost-effective processes for the industrial production of fuels and chemicals, due to decreased hygiene and cooling costs. In the present study, the genetically trackable thermophile Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius DSM2542T was engineered to produce (2R, 3R)-butanediol (R-BDO), a valuable chemical with broad industrial applications. The R-BDO biosynthetic pathway was optimized by testing different combinations of pathway enzymes, with acetolactate synthase (AlsS) from Bacillus subtilis and acetolactate decarboxylase (AlsD) from Streptococcus thermophilus yielding the highest production in P. thermoglucosidasius DSM2542T. Following fermentation condition optimization, shake flask fermentation at 55°C resulted in the production of 7.2g/L R-BDO with ~ 72% theoretical yield. This study details the microbial production of R-BDO at the highest fermentation temperature reported to date and demonstrates that P. thermoglucosidasius DSM2542T is a promising cell factory for the production of fuels and chemicals using high-temperature fermentation.

Anaerobic fermentation is a favorable process for microbial production of bulk chemicals like ethanol and organic acids. Low productivity is the bottleneck of several anaerobic processes which has significant impact on the technique competitiveness of production strain. Improving growth rate of production strain can speed up the total production cycle and may finally increase productivity of anaerobic processes. In this work, evolutionary engineering of wild-type strain Escherichia coli W3110 was adopted to improve anaerobic growth in mineral medium. Significant increases in exponential growth rate and stationary cell density were achieved in evolved strain WE269, and a 96.5% increase in lactate productivity has also been observed in batch fermentation of this strain with M9 minimal medium. Then, an engineered strain for lactate production (BW100) was constructed by using WE269 as a platform and 98.3g/L lactate (with an optical purity of D-lactate above 95%) was produced in a 5-L bioreactor after 48h with a productivity of 2.05g/(L·h). Finally, preliminary investigation demonstrated that mutation in sucD (sucD M245I) (encoding succinyl-CoA synthetase); ilvG (ilvG Δ1bp) (encoding acetolactate synthase 2 catalytic subunit), and rpoB (rpoB T1037P) (encoding RNA polymerase β subunit) significantly improved anaerobic growth of E. coli. Double-gene mutation in ilvG and sucD resumed most of the growth potential of evolved strain WE269. This work suggested that improving anaerobic growth of production host can increase productivity of organic acids like lactate, and specific mutation-enabled improved growth may also be applied to metabolic engineering for production of other bulk chemicals.

Unsustainable chemical products and processes cause damage to the earth that will become irreparable without ethical principles that prioritize the good of future generations. A serious challenge is posed by anthropogenic endocrine disruptors, synthetic chemicals that can alter development and impair health at current exposure levels. These low-dose adverse effects caused by everyday chemicals represent one of the great challenges of green science. Solutions require interdisciplinary collaboration among the fields of sustainable chemistry, environmental health sciences, and integrative environmental medicine. Their joint mission is to advance assessment, design, stewardship, and regulation of chemical products and processes and to promote environmental and health performances that are valued as much as the historically dominant economic and technical performances. The Chemistry and Sustainability Bookcase and the framework for strategic sustainable development are organizational tools for tackling these challenges. Solutions already built by interdisciplinary partnerships offer examples of practical transgenerational justice.

Chapter 13 Student projects in chemical product design

Green chemistry is the design, development, and implementation of chemical products and processes with the goal of reducing or eliminating the use and production of harmful chemicals to human health and the environment. It is a non-regulatory, market-driven approach to long-term sustainability. Through practical examples, the undeniable benefit of Green Chemistry to business and the environment is shown. Green chemistry’s potential to address sustainability at the molecular level must be acknowledged. Green Chemistry pushes innovators to design and use matter and energy in a manner that improves performance and value while preserving human health and the environment at the most basic level. Green Chemistry concepts must become the foundation for tomorrow’s chemistry, including sustainability into science and its inventions.