Environmental and Natural Resource Economics

The present study aimed to address some of the environmental justice issues associated with pollution and depletion of resources and correct the relationship between human and the environment and support the values, dimensions and principles of environmental justice in the target audience and achieve the objectives of environmental media. Through a suggested model, interviews were conducted with a number of readers as well as attending conferences and workshops at the Ministry of Environment. Some observations were drawn, the most important of which was the lack of clear criteria followed by the newspaper's policy to spread environmental justice issues and the lack of awareness of readers adequately and not addressed Given the importance of environmental justice issues related to pollution of air, water, noise, food and soil, as well as the depletion of renewable and non-renewable natural resources, a program was developed to inform readers of these important issues. The study used the descriptive analytical method, and the tools of the study was a knowledge test and the selection of the sample of the study is the members of the Zahraa Maadi Youth Center in Cairo and the number of (60) readers during 2019. The research tools were applied to the members of the research group (experimental and control), before and after the implementation of the program, where the results of the research on the effectiveness of the proposed program to address some of the issues of environmental justice associated with pollution and depletion of resources in the Egyptian newspapers, so I recommend the need to pay attention to issues of environmental justice.

1 - Environmental problems and management aspects of waste electrical and electronic equipment and use of clean energy for sustainable development

The economic development of any developing country depends on its self-reliance in energy needs. The current energy requirement of the country necessitates search for alternative renewable resources also which are renewable safe and non-polluting. The souring of alternative renewable resources also gains to most priority in view of uncertain suppliers and frequent like in price of crude oil in the international market. In recent times, the world has been confronted with an energy crisis due to depletion of resources and increased environmental problems. The situation has led to the search for an alternative fuel, which should be not only sustainable but also environmental problems. The situation has led to the search for an alternative fuel, which should be not only sustainable but also environment friendly. This alternative diesel fuel can be termed as bio-diesel. This fuel is biodegradable and non-toxic and has low emission profiles as compared to petroleum diesel. This fuel is biodegradable and non-toxic and has low emission profiles as compared to petroleum diesel. The study based on secondary data and the study aimed to attempt the environmental impact of Biodiesel and the cost of cultivation for jatropha in Salem district Tamil Nadu.

Property Rights and the Dynamics of North-South Trade

Life-cycle assessment in the renewable energy sector

Shrader-Frechette offers a rigorous philosophical discussion of environmental justice. Explaining fundamental ethical concepts such as equality, property rights, procedural justice, free informed consent, intergenerational equity, and just compensation-and then bringing them to bear on real-world social issues-she shows how many of these core concepts have been compromised for a large segment of the global population, among them Appalachians, African-Americans, workers in hazardous jobs, and indigenous people in developing nations. She argues that burdens like pollution and resource depletion need to be apportioned more equally, and that there are compelling ethical grounds for remedying our environmental problems. She also argues that those affected by environmental problems must be included in the process of remedying those problems; that all citizens have a duty to engage in activism on behalf of Environmental Justice; and that in a democracy it is the people, not the government, that are ultimately responsible for fair use of the environment.

As the climate crisis accelerates and disproportionately affects marginalised communities and countries in the global South, the need for power and social justice approaches is particularly important. Community psychology, with a long interest in the impacts of power discrepancies on the well-being of groups and communities, can offer theoretical and practical tools for addressing climate change and environmental problems without reproducing or intensifying existing inequalities and injustices. This special issue looks at communities' struggles for climate and environmental justice by focusing on how they resist, contest and overcome power inequalities. The issue consists of one perspective and six empirical articles. Most contributions come from high climate vulnerable countries and regions in the global South. Authors address current and relevant environmental and climate change issues such as renewable energy and natural resource extraction, social transformations and extreme weather events, the links between poverty, rurality and climate change, youth empowerment, and racism in climate activism. Inspired by their contributions, community psychology approaches and interdisciplinary research on environmental and climate justice, we discuss a research and intervention agenda for a community psychology of climate change.

Economic growth, international trade, and the depletion or conservation of renewable natural resources

Everything that surrounds or affects an organism during its lifetime is collectively referred to as its environment. It comprises both living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) components. Human civilisation and globalisation are the dominant culprits of constant change in the global environment in present scenario. Various processes that can be said to contribute to the global environmental problems include pollution, global warming, ozone depletion, acid rain, depletion of natural resources, overpopulation, waste disposal, deforestation and loss of biodiversity. Almost all these processes are the result of the use of natural resources in unsustainable manner. These processes have highly negative impact on our environment. One of the major impacts is the release of large quantities of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in atmosphere as the result of burning of fossil fuels by industries and automobiles. The result is the worldwide pollution problem, temperature fluctuation of our planet, ozone hole and possible change in Earth’s climate. Loss of forests, damage to water bodies (lakes and ponds) and their ecosystems by acid rain, over-exploitation of natural resources, massive extinction of species due to habitat destruction and other well-known causes worldwide are connected with environmental issues globally. The rapidly growing demographic structure and globalisation are leading to a number of environmental issues because of the uncontrolled urbanisation, industrialisation, deforestation and loss of useful agriculture land. The global environmental health impact remains profoundly perturbing. Unsafe water, poor sanitation and hygiene conditions, air pollution and global climate change accounts for nearly a tenth of deaths and disease burden worldwide. Due to above-mentioned environmental issues, our planet is facing severe environmental crisis. Current environmental problems lead to disasters and tragedies now, will also be the reason of casualties in future and require urgent attention from the responsible authorities/nations to frame appropriate laws to overcome these issues and also by making people aware to use natural resources in sustainable manner.

This topic is more relevant than ever, because the ecological system is in a state of crisis. It is closely intertwined with the economic one at the local, regional, national and global levels, and due to the aggravation of socio-economic and political problems, it requests a change in the direction of development of modern civilization. In this paper, the issues of interaction between economics and ecology are considered in detail. The article explores the contemporary ecological situation and economic growth as the cause of crisis and ways to solve environmental problems from an economic point of view. The article reviews and analyzes existing literature on the economic impact of environmental crises, as well as potential solutions to reduce the ecological impact of economic growth. The article finds that the existing economic system exacerbates environmental problems, including desertification, depletion of natural resources, destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain, and others. The primary contradiction between economic and ecological development lies in the fact that economic growth creates harmful environmental consequences. The article emphasizes the need for coordinated action by governments to address environmental problems and find sustainable solutions for effective production, transport, and renewable energy use, as well as waste processing technologies that do not pollute the atmosphere. The article highlights the importance of addressing the ecological crisis and finding a sustainable path forward, which requires coordinated global action to address the economic impact on the environment.

Ever-increasing energy consumption, the depletion of non-renewable resources, the climate impact associated with energy generation, and finite energy-production capacity are important concerns that drive the urgent creation of new solutions for energy management. In this regard, by leveraging the massive connectivity provided by emerging 5G communications, this paper proposes a long-term sustainable Demand-Response (DR) architecture for the efficient management of available energy consumption for Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructures. The proposal uses Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) technologies as enablers and promotes the primary use of energy from renewable sources. Associated with architecture, this paper presents a novel consumption model conditioned on availability and in which the consumers are part of the management process. To efficiently use the energy from renewable and non-renewable sources, several management strategies are herein proposed, such as prioritization of the energy supply and workload scheduling using time-shifting capabilities. The complexity of the proposal is analyzed in order to present an appropriate architectural framework. The energy management solution is modeled as an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) and, to verify the improvements in energy utilization, an algorithmic solution and its evaluation are presented. Finally, open research problems and application scenarios are discussed.

By Harvey Blatt Cambridge, MA:MIT Press, 2005. 277 pp. ISBN: 0-262-02572-8, $27.95 cloth Protecting the environment continues to be a top priority for most Americans. Some examples of major environmental concerns include water and air pollution, hazardous waste disposal, use of toxic chemicals, and environmental threats to children. In America’s Environmental Report Card: Are We Making the Grade? Harvey Blatt provides a comprehensive status report on the following nine selected complex environmental problems: water pollution, dangers of floods, leaching of garbage from landfills, pesticide runoff, depletion of energy resources, global warming, air pollution, ozone depletion, and radiation from nuclear power plants and the storage of nuclear wastes. He also describes whether the situation with respect to these issues is deteriorating or improving and what actions can be taken at the individual, corporate, and political levels to ensure safe and adequate resources for future generations. This book contains a large amount of information and statistics, often presented in charts, figures, and tables. It is easily comprehensible, and one does not “get lost in the numbers.” Its conversational tone, interspersed with anecdotes and humor, makes the 238 pages of text easy to read and at times entertaining. However, the book does not provide a scientific review or analysis of the selected environmental issues and at times does not provide a balanced scientific viewpoint. For example, the introductory statement that “data suggesting that toxic agents in the environment have reduced the average male sperm count by 42 percent in the past 50 years” is not backed up by references nor is there mention of other references that do not support this hypothesis. Such a statement in isolation could be very alarming to the general public. The references cited in the book are mainly secondary sources, in many instances from magazine and newspaper articles. Perhaps it is this reliance on secondary sources that sometimes leads to inaccuracies and misleading statements. For example, there is no scientific evidence to indicate that global warming may result in an “epidemic” of an increase in male babies over female (p. 148). Similarly, respiratory disease is not the greatest killer of children on the planet (p. 155); diarrheal and infectious diseases are the major contributors to global child mortality. The author, perhaps unintentionally, provides somewhat of a doomsday scenario for a number of the environmental problems covered. For example, at the beginning of the chapter of air pollution (Chapter 7) the reader is inundated with detailed descriptions and disturbing statistics on the morbidity and mortality resulting from exposure to air pollutants. Only at the end of the chapter is there a short paragraph noting that “air quality has improved markedly … since the passage of the Clean Air Act in 1972” (p. 175). Similar observations can be made for several of the other chapters. Unfortunately, the title of this book is misleading. On the book jacket, actual grades (e.g., B, C) are given to the nine issues covered in the text. I had anticipated finding out how these grades were derived—what criteria and standards were used. Nowhere in the text is there any discussion of a “report card” or how the grades on the book jacket were determined. A concluding paragraph for each chapter provides a limited subjective evaluation on the current status of the environmental issue discussed but does not address whether America is making the grade in any systematic, objective manner. Nevertheless, those wishing to learn about the very real environmental problems facing the United States will find Blatt’s book very interesting, full of factual information, and eminently readable. It should serve as a valuable resource for the public, government officials, and scientists new to the field. It would also be excellent background reading for a graduate course in environmental sciences.

This research was based on a universal fact: the impossibility of isolating the natural environment of any region In the world from Its regional surroundings, the harnessed winds and clouds between heaven and earth, and the sending winds that stir clouds that spread them in the sky and then make them fragments so you see the rain emerge from within them, evidence of the fluency of the Almighty and the inability of a man to prevent climate changes, and that all he can do is mitigate the effects of these changes.The research was concerned with the statement of several purposes, the most important of which are:1. View the Geoenvironmental map of the Tabuk region from the following aspects: location, area, borders, population activity, terrain, the most important tourist destinations, and the regional ocean.2. Definition of the natural environment and the ecosystem and mention the elements and components of the natural environment from the atmosphere, soil, and energy.3. Highlight the problems and threats to the natural environment with the definition of each problem and the statement of Its effects, focusing in particular on pollution, climate change, and the lack of carbon neutrality.4. Programs and plans that can be taken to confront environmental variables and climate change, where the research proposed nine programs for this confrontation.5. Scientific concept of the terms environment and climate change, the research was concerned with the definition of pollution and mentioned pollutants for air, water, terrestrial soil, and agricultural soil, and the research was also Interested in providing a brief definition of each of environmental degradation, environmental disaster, depletion of Natural Resources, ozone layer, acid rain, sewage treatment, sludge, waste, carbon dioxide, atmosphere, black carbon, global warming, heat islands, desertification, extinction of living, soil drift and dredging, fertilizers, and chemical fertilizers.6. Environmental challenges and risks from the Islamic and systemic perspectives, and within the framework of this purpose, the research is concerned with the following:1) Islamic Sharia view of environmental challenges and risks.2) Systemic/legal view of environmental challenges and risks.3)The totality of environmental challenges and risks, represented by: the ecological imbalance of the planet, the constant decrease in food products, and the deterioration of human, animal, and plant health.7. Mechanisms for the protection of the natural environment from Islamic and systemic perspectives. The research was interested in explaining two main tools developed by the Islamic Sharia for environmental protection, namely: the mandatory and voluntary legislative mechanism, and the executive mechanism included in the guarantee of waste. In his statement about these two mechanisms, the researcher was interested in mentioning the evidence of the necessity of action for each mechanism, he then concluded his speech on the Sharia mechanism by deriving some of the Sharia provisions from the total Fiqh rules that he inferred.In addressing the mechanisms of environmental protection from the Statutory/legal perspective, the research focused on talking about the emerging environmental risks and the extent to which they need mechanisms, policies, and programs to address them, and then listed nine Improvised mechanisms to protect the natural environment of the planet.8. Research was interested in presenting the means and methods adopted by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to protect the environment, which varied into two types: international conventions ratified by the Kingdom and became hereby ratified in equality of internal regulations, and the second type is the set of environmental regulations/laws issued by royal decrees, the research dealt with a brief presentation of the following regulations:- The system of conservation of potable water sources.- The system of the Saudi Arabian Agricultural Bank.- Forest and pasture system.- Hunting system for wild animals and birds.- New Environmental Law No. m / 165 dated 19/11/1441 Ah.9. Conclusion has included the most important result and recommendations.10. References and sources

Renewable resource of aggregation-induced emission materials: From photophysical mechanisms to biomedical applications

Tourism is regarded by many countries, particularly resource-poor countries, as a potential stimulus to the economy. Yet tourism, by the nature of the activities involved, is constrained by the natural resource base and infrastructure, and by the pollution and other environmental and social impacts of tourist numbers. Tourism development strategies of national governments have been diverse in the face of this complex relationship between the economic costs and benefits of tourism. This paper examines tourist development based on concepts of open access and renewable natural resources. The experiences of two economies highly dependent on tourism, the Maldives and Nepal, are compared and contrasted. Although these countries offer very different attractions to tourists, they are faced with similar problems in terms of adverse environmental impacts of tourism. The dominant impacts in both areas are those associated with solid waste disposal and water resources, compounded by the depletion of natural resources. Both countries are currently employing 'dispersal' techniques to overcome the adverse impacts of tourism, but such strategies do not address the fundamental problem of maintaining tourism revenues whilst minimizing environmental damage. Even if an ecological carrying capacity can be defined, the experiences of these two countries indicate that impacts on local communities may well exceed so-called cultural carrying capacity.