Epidata and SPSS software in dealing with multiple choice entry and statistical analysis methods in the study

Objective To understand the status quo of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of nurses in hospital and community about nutrition for stroke patients, compare their differences, and analyze the common related factors, so as to provide basis for carrying out nutritional nursing education for stroke patients in hospital-community interaction. Methods A total of 160 neurology nurses from 7 Class Ⅲ Grade A hospitals and 161 nurses from 10 community hospitals in Shanghai were selected from August to October 2017 by convenience sampling method. The Chinese version of the Staff Attitudes to Nutritional Nursing Care Geriatric scale were applied in the investigation. A total of 340 questionnaires were distributed and 321 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a recovery rate of 94.4%. SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results The scores of nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitude and nutritional practice of the 160 hospital nurses were (58.44±12.67) , (72.72±10.73) and (85.50±15.49) respectively, while those of the 161 community nurses were (53.98±13.15) , (75.87±8.24) and (69.81±16.75) respectively. The differences in scores between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05) . Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that the factors related to nutritional knowledge were academic qualifications and further study at work. Academic qualifications, duration of continuous nursing for stroke patients and nutritional course in school were related to nutrition attitude. Age, academic qualifications and clinical nutrition nursing training were the main factors influencing nutrition practice scores. Conclusions There are differences in scores of nutrition KAP between hospital and community nurses. Effective nutrition nursing training can improve nurses' KAP of nutrition for stroke patients, so as to ensure the effective development of nutrition nursing services for patients. Key words: Stroke; Nutrition; Nursing care; Knowledge; Attitude; Practice

Objective In order to learn about the cognitive condition of data processing and diagram designing in medical postgraduates, and provide data for improving the teaching mode and content. Methods A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to a total of 150 medicine graduate students in three grades by cluster sampling to understand the cognitive situation and teaching requirements of data processing and chart making in scientific research papers by postgraduates of different levels and different categories. EpiData software was used for data entry and sorting, and SPSS 22.0 was used for descriptive analysis and chi square test. Results 64.08% (110) of the students used statistical software, but only 32.39% (32) could use it expertly, in which graduate students were less proficient in doctoral students (P<0.05), and academic graduate students were less proficient in professional graduate students (P<0.05); in addition, 90.14% (128) of the students thought that the scientific research data processing and charting related courses were very important, while 82.39% (117) supported the opening of related courses. Conclusion Graduate students' scientific research ability directly affects the level of scientific research. According to postgraduates' demand for data processing and chart making of research papers, it is of great significance to enhance teaching reform and improve teaching quality of higher medical education. Key words: Scientific research paper; Data processing; Diagram designing; Medical education

Objective To understand the influencing factors of the breastfeeding start time of premature newborns after being discharged from the hospital, and to provide the theoretical basis for the effective promotion of breastfeeding for premature infants after discharge. Methods Using the convenient sampling method, the mothers of premature infants who were hospitalized in Affiliated Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October to December 2017 were selected as the research subjects. A self-designed questionnaire that included general demographic information, breastfeeding knowledge and breastfeeding burden was used in telephone follow-ups, in order to analyze the influencing factors of breastfeeding start time of premature newborns after discharge. SPSS 17.0 was used for data entry and statistical analysis. Among the 100 families that were initially chosen, 2 calls could not be completed, 5 calls were not answered by the parents or too much information was lost, which resulted in a total of 93 valid surveys with the response rate of 93%. Results Among the 93 cases, 88 newborns were breastfed, and 5 newborns rejected breastfeeding and were put on formula. Only 21.51% of all premature infants were exclusively breastfed. The breastfeeding start time after discharge was 13.0 (6.5, 28.5) h. 45.45% premature newborns accepted breastfeeding with 3 d after discharge. The premature newborns of different cultures, places of residence, birth weight of premature infants, gestational age, time of first sucking nipples, number of days of NICU hospitalization, knowledge of maternal feeding, feeding burden, whether mothers received breastfeeding guidance during hospitalization, there was a statistically significant difference in the starting time of breastfeeding after discharge (P<0.05) . The results of multiple linear regression showed that the factors that affected the start time of breastfeeding after newborns being discharged from ICU were: birth weight, breastfeeding burden, and the mother's feeding knowledge. Conclusions The current status of breastfeeding in premature infants should be improved. Nursing personnel should give breastfeeding to premature infants as much as possible during hospitalization while provide psychological guidance and training for breastfeeding for mothers. Key words: Infant, premature; Breastfeeding; Start time; Influencing factors

Objective To evaluate the myopia epidemiological situation of different nationality students in primary and secondary schools in Karamayi City.Methods This survey was a cross-sectional design,the sample was selected in the first,third and sixth grade primary school and middle school students by stratified random cluster method.According to the research needs to design questionnaires,the survey team comprised of ophthalmologists,technicians,optometrists and administrative staff,the staff was trained before investigation,pre-survey.A database was established using the EPI-data software by double entry method.All statistical analysis was completed by SPSS 17.0 software.Results Among 2103 eligible students,1922 (91.4％) were finally enrolled in the present study.Of 147 (7.6％) were excluded from the final sample due to incompleted examination.The total prevalence of myopia was 39.2％ (695).The prevalence in Han nationality students was 45.2％ and 17.2％ in Uygur nationality students,there was statistical significant difference between different nation (x2=86.079,P =0.000).The prevalence in girl students was much higher than that in boy students,there was statistical significant difference between different gender (x2=14.494,P =0.000);there was a statistical significant difference between age groups (x2=321.281,P =0.000; x2=20.001,P =0.001); there was no statistical significant in different blood types (x2=5.284,P =0.152; x2=1.763,P =0.623).The different prevalence between the three groups,that parents were both myopia,one of the parents was myopia,and both were normal in Han nationality,had a statistical significant.(x2=14.827,P =0.002).The different prevalence between the three groups,that often eating sweets,never eating sweets,and eating sweets occasionally,had a statistical significant,with the prevalence of the first group was higher than the others (x2=6.830,P =0.033; x2=1.977,P =0.372).There was statistical significant in the different prevalence between different daily reading and writing time for Han students.And often more time mean higher prevalence (x2=86.584,P =0.000).While,there was no significant for the Uygur students.There was statistical significant for the different prevalence between the different daily outdoor activities,with longer time mean lower prevalence (x2=37.866,P =0.000; x2=12.110,P =0.002).Conclusions It is often happen for the students to become myopia,so in the multi-ethnic region,we should take corresponding measures and social intervention to prevent it. Key words: Ethnic; Students in primary and secondary schools; Prevalence of myopia

Objective To understand the status quo of humanistic care quality of psychiatric nurses in Beijing and its influencing factors. Methods From May to August 2018, This study selected all the psychiatric hospitals in Beijing and stratified by the tertiary, secondary and first-level psychiatric hospitals. Through random number sampling, 2 to 3 hospitals were selected from each group to conduct cluster surveys. To analyze the humanistic care quality of psychiatric nurses and its influencing factors, 890 psychiatric nurses were surveyed using general information questionnaire, Nursing Caring Characters Assessment Tool (NCCAT) , Perceived Organizational Support Scale (POS) and Nurses Professional Values Scale-Revised (NPVS-R) . 861 valid surveys were returned with the response rate of 96.74%. SPSS 18.0 was used for data input and statistical analysis. Results In 861 psychiatric nurses, NCCAT score was 86.36% (125.22±19.79) ; POS total score was 72.16% (45.46±10.87) ; NPVS-R score was 81.73% (106.25±21.31) . Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the scores of nurses of different levels of hospitals, education backgrounds, professional titles, job satisfaction, parental support, voluntariness, family support, and humanistic training (P<0.05) . Pearson correlation analysis showed that the dimensions of humanistic care of psychiatric nurses were positively correlated with organizational support (r=0.593, P<0.01) , and professional values (r=0.712, P<0.01) . Multiple linear regression analysis showed that hospital level, education, voluntariness, humanistic training, organizational support and professional values were the influencing factors of psychiatric nurses' humanistic care quality (P<0.01) . Conclusions The quality of humanistic care of psychiatric nurses in Beijing is at a high level. Through humanistic training, strengthening on-the-job education, increasing organizational support, and improving professional values can improve the quality of psychiatric nurses' humanistic care. Key words: Nurses; Department of psychiatry; Humanistic care; Organizational support; Professional values

目的:自從1995年全民健康保險制度實施後，促使醫院更須注重工作績效以提升競爭力，由於護理人員是醫療團隊中人數最多的一群，約佔醫療人力的40~60%，也因此更突顯如何提升護理人員工作績效之重要性，而影響工作績效之相關因素更值得探討。本研究旨在了解血液透析室及內科病房護理人員之工作特性差異對專業承諾及工作績效之影響，同時檢驗專業承諾在工作特性與工作績效間之中介效果。 方法:採便利取樣方式，針對北部、中部及南部十家醫院之血液透析室及內科病房護理人員進行問卷調查。研究工具係根據工作特性指標（JCI）之六個構面、Motowidlo 與 van Scotter 提出之工作績效二個構面進行問卷修訂，專業承諾量表則採用呂桂雲發展的結構式問卷。資料經過整理後，進行描述性統計、獨立樣本t 檢定、變異數分析、Pearson 相關分析、多元迴歸分析。 結果:問卷共計發出446份，有效問卷為357份（80.04%）。其中血液透析室佔226人（63.3%），一般內科病房131人（36.7%）。結果發現：（1）整體工作特性平均得分為3.73分，為中高分數，又以內科病房（3.81）的工作特性高於血液透析室（3.68）。整體專業承諾與工作績效平均得分別為2.74分、4.03分，二者皆為血液透析室（2.74、4.09）得分高於內科病房（2.73、3.92）。（2）血液透析室與內科病房之整體工作特性（t=-3.005，p<0.01）有顯著差異，以內科病房大於血液透析室。（3）血液透析室與內科病房之整體工作績效（t=2.960，p<0.01）有顯著差異，以血液透析室大於內科病房。（4）三變項皆有相關性，又以專業承諾與工作績效之相關性最高（r=0.516）。（5）以工作特性中工作變化性（β=0.302，p<0.001）、工作回饋性（β=0.128，p <0.05）構面、專業承諾中價值認同（β=0.456，p<0.001）構面對工作績效有顯著之影響力。（6）以專業承諾為中介變項進行檢定發現，加入專業承諾會降低工作特性對工作績效之影響力，β值由原來0.490（p<0.001）降至0.336（p<0.001），因此專業承諾對工作特性與工作績效間有部分中介效果。 結論:血液透析室與內科病房之工作特性、專業承諾與工作績效皆有顯著之相關性，其中又以工作變化性、工作回饋性及專業價值認同對工作績效有顯著之正向影響。護理工作特性以內科病房高於血液透析室，工作績效則反之。因此，建議醫院管理者應針對病房護理工作進行檢視，可藉由資訊系統整合減少常規性之工作，增加單位護理活動之多元性設計，提供完善之輪訓（輪調）措施，並建立良好晉升管道及工作考核機制，以提高護理人員對工作回饋性感受，並提昇護理人員專業價值的認同與投入，進而提高醫院之生產力。

Objective To investigate the requirements for patent knowledge in postgraduate nursing students so as to provide a basis for nursing patent education. Methods Full-time nursing postgraduates from 60 colleges and universities were investigated by self-directed questionnaires and a total of 119 validated questionnaires were returned. The survey included: general information; learning requirements for nursing patent knowledge (learning content and forms, incentive system and learning platforms learning approaches). Five-point Likert scale below was used: 1-Strongly disagree, 2-Disagree, 3-Neither agree nor disagree, 4-Agree, 5-Strongly agree. All statistical analyses were performed with IBM SPSS software (version 21.0). Quantitative data were expressed as mean±standard deviation. Ordered categorical variables were compared between two groups and among above three groups with use of the Mann Whitney rank sum test and the Kruskal-Wallis test respectively. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results There was no significant difference in the effect of types of postgraduate (professional and academic) on the requirement for nursing patent knowledge in postgraduate (P>0.05), while significant differences were observed in those of paper publishing, project participation and patent application (P<0.05). Conclusion Nursing patent education can be well established only under the strong supports from the universities, faculties, supervisors as well as students, thereby developing the innovation of postgraduates. Key words: Postgraduates; Nursing; Patent; Intellectual property right; Learning requirements

Objective To explore the status quo of pain assessment by the nurses in intensive care units (ICU) of Class Ⅲ hospitals, to analyze the factors influencing the implementation of pain assessment by ICU nurses, and to provide evidence for improving the practice of pain assessment by ICU nurses. Methods Totally 410 ICU nurses from 11 ClassⅢ hospitals in Hu'nan, Guangdong, Beijing and Hebei were selected by convenient sampling and investigated with the self-designed pain assessment questionnaire between April and July 2017. SPSS 21.0 was used to conduct the statistical analysis of the data. Results The implementation rate of pain assessment by ICU nurses was 77.6%. The application of subjective pain assessment tools was consistent mainly with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) (74.2%) , while objective assessment tools were less used, including the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) (40.6%) and Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) (29.9%) . The standard rate of the use of pain assessment tools in ICU was 81.8%. The type of ICU and the frequency of continuing education in pain among ICU nurses were the factors that affected pain assessment by ICU nurses. Conclusions ICU nurses have not standardized their pain assessment, applied less objective pain assessment tools, and lacked norms for pain assessment in ICU. It is suggested that hospitals and departments should formulate relevant pain management rules and regulations, strengthen the continuous professional education for ICU nurses, and standardize and promote the clinical pain assessment of ICU nurses so as to improve the quality of pain care in ICU. Key words: Nurses; Intensive care unit; Pain; Assessment; Status quo; Influencing factors

The purpose of this research is to discuss the impact on the employees’ job satisfaction and job stress of a financial institute during an organizational change. Questionnaires had been given to the employees of the F securities company to collect the data to conduct the research purposes as follows: 1.Discuss and analyze the relationship between job satisfaction and work stress of employees. 2.Discuss the influence of individual variables on the employee’s perceived organizational change, job satisfaction and work stress. 3.Discuss the influence of the employee’s perceived organizational change on the job satisfaction and work stress. 4.Base on the results of the research, a conclusion and recommendation proposed for the F securities company. This research used the questionnaires to collect the data. A total of 200 questionnaires sent out and received 174 effective questionnaires. Then, it used SPSS statistical software reliability analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, T-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, regression analysis, statistics, etc. to analyze the data. The conclusion of this research is as follows: 1.Partly statistically significant difference is found with respect to the individual variables to the employee’s perceived organizational change. 2.Partly statistically significant difference is found with respect to the individual variables to the employee’s job satisfaction. 3.Partly statistically significant difference is found with respect to the individual variables to the employee’s work stress. 4.Statistically significant influence is found of employee’s perceived organizational change on the job satisfaction. 5.Partly statistically significant influence is found of employee’s perceived organizational change on the work stress. 6.Statistically significant negative correlation is found between employee’s job satisfaction and the work stress.

Objective To investigate the use of different tools of intravenous infusion and the issues associated with intravenous catheter indwelling in hospitalized children and to provide reference for clinical practices. Methods Using the convenient sampling method, from July 24th to 31st, 2018, the intravenous infusion treatment of children inpatients in 49 hospitals within the Beijing Children's Hospital Medical Association was selected for investigation. A self-designed Cross-sectional Questionnaire for Children's Intravenous Infusion and a photo of an intravenous infusion tool were used for data collection. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 software. Results During the data collection period, there were 18 316 hospitalized children in the 49 hospitals, among which there were 14 421 cases of infusions, with the infusions rate of 78.73%. The application rate of indwelling needle was 87.94%. The connector of venous catheter was mainly heparin cap connection (64.23%) . The infusion tools used in 6 398 cases (44.37%) were made by PVC and containing 2-ethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP) . Aseptic transparent dressing was the main dressing choice. During catheter indwelling, there were some problems such as back-blood in the pipeline or infusion joint, incorrect clamping position of small clips, unclamping, and tube detachment. Indwelling needles had more problems than central venous catheters, including old blood returning in the tube and blood returning in the infusion connector. The difference between the peripheral indwelling needle and the central catheter was statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusions The rate of intravenous infusion in hospitalized children is relatively high. Although there are various types of intravenous infusion tools, the choice of infusion tools for children was mainly indwelling needle and heparin cap connection, and there were still room for improvement in catheter maintenance. Key words: Children; Intravenous infusion; Tool; Indwelling; Investigation

The present study examined the impact of electronic banking on reducing the cost of new customers in Sirjan city banks. E-banking components in this research include: internet banking, mobile banking, telephone banking, point-of-sale (POS) terminals, automated teller machines (ATMs), and self-service kiosks. The statistical sample size includes 384 subjects who were determined from the active population of Sirjan city. Given that the study population was selected from different occupational groups and there was incongruity between the groups, multi-stage cluster sampling method has been used. Therefore, first, the population in different occupational classes is separated, then simple random sampling method was applied to determine the sample number in each class. To collect data in this research, was used. The questionnaire validity and reliability were obtained respectively, 0.91 and 0.79. In order to describe and analyze the collected data, spss software was used. Statistical analysis results showed that overall e-banking leads to an increase in customer attraction towards a commercial bank. Each of the components of electronic banking has a significant impact on attracting new customers in the bank. At the end, some recommendations have been presented for banks staff and managers to make an applied use of the research results. Keywords: Electronic Banking, Customer, Cost

Objective To investigate the relationship of diopter and different eye parameters between the Han and Uygur nationality students in primary and secondary schools.Methods Tested 1366 (2736 eyes) primary and middle school students from the Han and 326 (652 eyes) ones from the Uygur with performances of intraocular pressure,corneal curvature,refraction,axial length,and corneal thickness in person interview.A database was established using the EPI-data software by double entry method.All statistical analysis was completed by SPSS 17.0 software.Results In myopia group,there was a statistical significant difference in the diopter,axial length and corneal thickness between different ethnic (P ＜0.05); in emmetropia group,there was significant differences in the intmocular pressure,vertical corneal curvature,axial length and comeal thickness between different ethnic (P ＜0.05); there was no significant differences in ocular optical components between different ethnic (P ＞0.05).In Han nationality students,dipoter was correlated with ocular optical parameters which including intraocular pressure (IOP),horizontal comeal curvature,vertical comeal curvature and axial length,but in Uygur nationality students,dipoter was correlated with ocular optical parameters which including intraocular pressure (IOP),vertical corneal curvature and axial length,especially with axial length in Han and Uygur nationality students (r =-0.650,P =0.000; r =-0.359,P =0.000);this study also found that axial length showed a negative correlation with horizontal corneal curvature and vertical corneal curvature (r =-0.321,P =0.000; r =-0.327,P =0.000) (r =-0.432,P =0.000;r =-0.466,P =0.000); the horizontal corneal curvature showed highly correlation with vertical corneal curvature (r =0.901,P =0.000; r =0.881,P =0.000).Conclusions Refraction is correlated with intraocular pressure,horizontal corneal curvature,vertical corneal curvature and axial length,particularly axial length.There is negative correlation between axial length and corneal curvature.During the growing of eyeballs,the changes of refraction and ocular components among different races varies,the differences should be paid more attention when researching on ocular components. Key words: Ethnic; Students in primary and secondary schools; Diopter; Different eye parameters

AIM: The purpose of this study was to the effectiveness of self-regulated learning strategies on math anxiety of dependent cognitive style school students. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population included all first grade high school female students consisted of 136 participants in the academic year 2014–2015, and the sampling method was random sampling. The instruments of this study were: The math anxiety questionnaire (totally 30-item scale, the scale is a 5 Likert-type scale, Cronbachs alpha 0/86) and instruments was Witkin's Group embedded figures test and 18 is the geometric shape, each of which consists of several irregular geometric shape. Concurrent validity for men 0/82, and for women was 0/63 in the pretest questionnaire completed math anxiety by the students and students had high math anxiety in the experimental two group and a one control group were replaced. The experimental groups received training in self-regulated learning strategies method in order to analyze the data. In all hypotheses, ANCOVA analysis and SPSS 22 (IBM SPSS Software SPSS Statistics is a software package used for statistical analysis) was used. RESULTS: According to the findings, the self-regulated learning strategies training is reduced math anxiety of dependent cognitive style school students. CONCLUSIONS: Employing the self-regulated learning strategies training reduced the math anxiety of dependent cognitive style school students.

Objective To investigate the relationship of tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration in lesions with clinicopathologic features of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) -related indicators. Methods Fifty-four CMM and 15 benign melanocytic nevus paraffin-embedded tissue samples were collected. An immunohistochemical study was performed to determine the expression pattern and intensity of the TAM marker CD163 as well as EMT indicators epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) , neurologic cadherin (N-cadherin) and vimentin in these tissue samples. Count data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was carried out using t test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate linear regression analysis with the software SPSS 17.0. Results CD163-positive TAMs were detected in CMM samples, but not in benign melanocytic nevus samples. The mean TAM count per high power field in tissue samples was significantly different between invasive and in situ CMM (35.08 ± 13.78 vs. 16.97 ± 8.74, P 0.05) . No significant difference was observed in TAM count between patients of different gender or age groups, between acral and non-acral melanoma, or between ulcerated and non-ulcerated melanoma (all P ≥ 0.05) . Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that TAM count in CMM was associated with five factors: Clark level, ulceration, tumor progression, N-cadherin and vimentin. Conclusion TAMs may accelerate tumor progression and increase tumor malignancy by promoting EMT in CMM. Key words: Melanoma; Nevi and melanomas; Macrophages; Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; Pathology

Incidence rates of adolescents with type 2 diabetes are increasing rapidly; there was an increase of 30% between 2019 and 2009. Even more alarming is that studies show that the most effective treatment, metformin monotherapy, is only effective at maintaining glycemic control in approximately 50% of individuals. Additionally, adolescents with diabetes may experience serious microvascular and macrovascular complications sooner than adults, which can impact the quality of life of young adults across the globe. Therefore, diabetes in adolescents is a public health concern, and there is very little research to guide treatment and prevention. It is widely known that adolescents have a very poor dietary pattern, characterized by increased intakes of added sugars from refined grains, and minimal amounts of fruits, vegetables, and fiber. There is conflicting evidence in the literature connecting increased added sugar intake to insulin resistance and diabetes development. Considering the very poor diets consumed by adolescents, and that nutrition is a modifiable risk factor for diabetes, we aimed to examine the associations between added sugar consumption, glycemic values, and measures of insulin resistance and beta-cell function. This pilot study analyzed dietary and glycemic data from participants that were screened for an ongoing randomized control trial which is an adolescent diabetes prevention program that uses health coaching to improve diet and physical activity behaviors called the Dietary Intervention for Glucose Tolerance in Teens (Dig It) Study. Fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and 2-hour glucose concentrations were collected during an oral glucose tolerance test that was used to screen adolescents with obesity for diabetes. Consumption of added sugar and other dietary intake data were collected from food records created by the Technology Assisted Dietary Assessment (TADA) application. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated from glucose and insulin concentrations in the fasting state (1) obtained from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Whole-body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI), and the oral disposition index (DI) were calculated from measures obtained during oral glucose tolerance testing(2, 3) Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software and included independent t-tests and Pearson correlations. Of the 48 participants included in this analysis, 59.2% were female, 32% were African American, 57% were white, and 8.2% were more than one race. The mean age was 16.20 ± 2.7 years, and 42% had prediabetes. Those with normoglycemia consumed 11.0 ± 5.1% of energy from added sugars, compared to 9.4±5.1% energy from added sugars for individuals with prediabetes. There was no significant correlation between HbA1c and percent calories coming from added sugar (R= -0.237, P=0.063), percent calories coming from added sugar and fasting blood glucose (R= 0.208, P= 0.090), or percent calories from added sugar and 2-hour glucose (R= 0.017, P= 0.457). There were no significant correlations found between percent calories from added sugar and HOMA-IR (R= 0.129, P= 0.234), percent calories from added sugar and WBISI (R= -0.069, P= 0.350), or percent calories from added sugar and DI (R= -0.118, P= 0.253). There were also no significant differences between the mean values of HbA1c, fasting glucose, or 2-hour glucose between individuals that consumed high vs. low amounts of added sugar, as measured by an independent t-test. The p-values were 0.634, 0.434, and 0.234 respectively. To examine the extent to which % calories from added sugar predicted variances in glycemic values, hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed. Once energy, physical activity, BMI Z-Score, and age were entered into the model, % energy from added sugar accounted for an additional 9.6% variance in HbA1c. In conclusion, we did not find significant associations between consumption of added sugar and glycemic and insulin resistance or beta-cell function outcomes in adolescents who are obese, however our study lacked sufficient power. While our findings were not definitive, studies to identify dietary factors that promote or prevent hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are needed to inform dietary intervention strategies that may be effective at decreasing T2D in adolescents. 12