Error Analysis of Simple Present Tense Using in Students' Descriptive Writing

The aims of this research include: (1) to identify the types of errors made by 12th grade of the students SMAN 13 Bone in their writing descriptive text, (2) to find out the dominant type of error, (3) to discover the source of error. This research used mix method. The instrument used in collecting the data was writing test. The test was given twice to the students. The population of this research was the 12th grade of the students SMAN 13 Bone. The sample was the 10% of the whole population which consisted of 42 students. In analyzing the data, the researcher found that the students made errors in using simple present tense in writing a descriptive text. The types of errors discovered, namely omission errors, addition errors, misformation errors, and misordering errors. The omission and misformation errors found to be the dominant errors in the students’ writing descriptive text. The sources of errors include Inter-lingual and Intra-lingual transfer.

This paper makes a study of grammatical error on paragraph writings of English department students. The students were asked to write the paragraph of writing as their final assignment for paragraph based writing Class. The errors found in the students’ compositions are then classified based on the surface strategy taxonomy on errors of omission, addition, misformation, and misordering. Based on the result of the research findings whole have been analyzed and the discussions which have been presented, the writer generally concluded that there are four kinds of errors which are omission, addition, misinformation and misordering. The writer found that mostly the students had grammatical error on their writing in mis-information error 43%. They consist of misinformation of adverb, V2, subject-verb agreement, article, modal, passive and word choices. It also can be concluded that most students of intermediate level made Grammatical Error in Omission and Misinformation of their paragraph writing as Dulaay at.all (1982) said that Omission of to be is common error made by students. Even tough those sentences appear without to be, article or preposition and still have meaning, student must use the Grammar correctly or accurately in writing. Most students made grammatical error in using modal, for example of error in misinformatiom “We can learning all about English, after modal must be followed by main verb. It mostly happened on students’ writing. The most common types of errors made b y students are misinformation with the number of errors is 15 or 43% and o m i s s i o n with the number of error is 11 or 31%. The type of errors with the lowest frequency is misordering errors (9%). They consist of misordering of noun phrase and misordering of adverb. These errors seem to be caused by interlingual and intralingual interference.

The purpose of this research was to know both the type of error and the most dominant error made by students in writing narrative text at the second grade students of SMK N 1 Sigli. This study is qualitative research as suggested by Noor (2011). The purpose of this research is to analyze the errors which actually committed by students on their writing. This research is a case study which clarifies the natural circumstance. The writer collect the data by using a set of written test. The procedures of Error Analysis (EA) adopted from Corder (1974) as cited in Ellis (2008:48). The data nanalized by using table of freqency the result showed that the error made by the students can be categorized into four types of errors. Those were errors of omission, errors of addition, errors of misformation, and errors of misordering. Another result showed that the most dominant error in writing narrative text made by the students was error of misformation. In describing the type of error, it can be inferred that there are 25 items of error, which occur in the students’ sentences.

This research aims to identify and classify the types of error made by first semester students of Elementary Education in using simple present tense in their descriptive texts. A quantitative approach with descriptive analysis was used as the research design. Errors were classified into four types based on Dulay’s Surface Strategy Taxonomy thus measurement on the chief errors and challenges which students encountered can be presented obviously. A total sampling technique was employed in this technique. There were 21 students of class A6-25 selected as the sample. This research reveals that the most errors of simple present tense usage are in omission error with percentage of 47.56%. There are 30.48 % errors found in addition type, 15.85 % errors in misformation type, and the least is in misordering type with percentage of 6.10%. In applying simple present tense in writing a descriptive text, the students’ errors are in subject-verb agreements, differing nominal and verbal sentences, the use of auxiliary verbs, and determining the correct article, preposition, conjunction, relative pronoun in adjective clauses, and adjectives order in noun phrases.

Background: Grammar errors are common because English grammar is still quite complicated to learn, including constructing sentences using the Passive Voice. Purpose: This research aims to identify mistakes in constructing sentences using Passive Voice by MAN Gorontalo Students to become a reference material in improving grammar learning. Method: This research uses a quantitative method. Data is collected through tests and documentation. The research population was 40 students of class X MAN Gorontalo and a sample of 20 students. Data analysis techniques go through four stages, data collection, data presentation, data reduction, and conclusion. Results and Discussion: This study concludes that there are four types of student errors based on the taxonomic strategy in using Passive Voice, namely: 1) addition error, 2) omission error, 3) misformation error, and 4) misordering error) and two types of errors based on communicative effect taxonomy; 1) global error and 2) local error. Conclusion and Implications: This research has implications that English teachers can analyze weaknesses in changing active voice into passive voice by practicing changing tense forms from past verbs for past activities and habitual information for ordinary activities. To correct errors in compiling sentences in passive voice, teachers must also do tutorial-based remedial teaching for passive voice material, especially on the misformation aspect, including assigning students to make a list of active and passive verbs and their use in compiling passive voice

This Descriptive text is a type of writing that explains or illustrates people, places, and objects by focusing on their physical characteristics or appearances.This study analyzes students’ grammatical errors in using the simple present tense in descriptive texts. Conducted on 24 second-semester English Education students at HKBP Nommensen University Medan, the research used a qualitative descriptive method and surface strategy taxonomy (Dulay et al., 1982) to classify errors into omission, addition, misinformation, and misordering. The population of this research included all second-semester students of the English Education Study Program at HKBP Nommensen University Medan during the academic year of the study. These students had completed Writing I and were enrolled in Writing II, which covers the use of grammatical structures such as the simple present tense in descriptive writing. Using purposive sampling, one class (Class B) was selected, consisting of 24 students who met the criteria and were deemed suitable for analyzing grammatical errors. The primary instrument was a supervised writing task, where students wrote a five-paragraph (200–300 words) descriptive text about a person, place, or thing within 60 minutes. Their texts were analyzed using the Surface Strategy Taxonomy (Dulay, Burt, & Krashen, 1982), which classifies errors into omission, addition, misinformation, and misordering. For data validity, two grammar experts assisted in reviewing and confirming the identified errors through triangulation. From 263 simple present tense usages, 141 (53.61%) were incorrect. The most frequent error was omission (40%), followed by addition (29%), misformation (18%), and misordering (13%). These findings indicate that students still face difficulties in mastering simple present tense, especially in forming grammatically complete sentences.

The objectives of this study are to know the types of errors and the dominant error made by the students of the ten grade of SMA Istiqlal. The researcher used the descriptive qualitative method as the research methodology. The data was collected from the written test done by the researcher. Based on the analysis that has done by the researcher, the result of the study found that all of the students produce error by total error 92 errors which classified into omission 46 error (50%), 5 error in addition (5,43%), 33 errors in miss-formation (35,86%) and 8 error in miss-ordering (8,69%). Thus, the dominant error was happened in the omission error by total error 46 errors (50%). The source of the error that made by the students are from interlingal and intra-lingual. However most of the errors are from the inralingual source which total 84 errors and 8 errors from inter-lingual.

The present research was intended to analyse the errors made by the university students, especially the students in the eight semesters who write thesis proposals. Hence, the main objective of the present research was to investigate types of errors as well as to know the dominant errors which were existed in students’ thesis proposal compositions. This research employed descriptive quantitative study by calculating the number of errors by percentage. There are 42 participants from English Education Department in one of public university in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The results showed that there were 195 errors consisting of 71 (36%) addition errors, 64 (33%) misformation errors, 48 (25%) omission errors, and 12 (6%) misordering errors. The most dominant errors as shown by the percentage were students tended to add more than the structure or grammar needs. Students overgeneralized to use affix –s in verb and to use double auxiliaries (be, are, is). These results suggest that the instructor needs to help students on understanding and practicing more to fix the errors.

Finding out the frequency, kind, causes, and effects of linguistic failures is the process of error analysis. This study aims to pinpoint students' mistakes when using the simple present tense to write a descriptive text. To complete the investigation, the researcher uses the qualitative approach. Students' mistakes affect the descriptive English content. Twenty junior high school students from west Jakarta were given writing prompts. Their text demonstrates how their sentences lost all of their original meaning. When asked to create an English descriptive text, they encountered challenges. Following an investigation of the students' English descriptive texts, twenty errors have occurred in the simple present tense; error of omission, error of selection, error of addition and error of ordering.

This study aims to analyze the grammatical proficiency of vocational tourism school students in descriptive writing and identify the most common types of grammatical errors. Adopting a mixed-methods approach with an exploratory sequential design, the research involved 20 final-year tourism students from a vocational school in Bali. Data were collected through a descriptive writing task evaluated using a grammar assessment rubric, and semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather qualitative insights. Quantitative analysis revealed an average grammar proficiency score of 70.2 out of 100, with dominant errors found in the use of articles (26.7%), adjectives and adverbs (21.7%), and tenses (18.3%). Qualitative findings from interviews indicated challenges stemmed from confusion in applying articles, difficulties in choosing and placing descriptive vocabulary, the influence of Indonesian language structures, lack of specific descriptive vocabulary for tourism, and limited practice in creative writing. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions in grammar instruction, particularly for aspects crucial to descriptive writing, to better prepare students for the demands of the global tourism industry.

The main purpose of this exploratory sequential mixed methods study was to elicit Iranian male and female EFL teachers’ attitudes towards self-and peer-assessment in descriptive writing. To reach the research goals of the study, a questionnaire based on Bartlett (2015) and Spencer (2005) models was developed in two various strands. In the qualitative strand, six themes were taken from the administered interviews to predict Iranian male and female EFL teachers' attitudes namely: cooperation and positivity, independence, practice, strengths and weaknesses. In the quantitative strand, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to validate the recommended themes and to test the participants' attitudes one way-MANOVA was manifested, too. The whole results of the two strands represented the fact that Iranian male and female EFL teachers had positive attitudes towards self-and peer-assessment in descriptive writing, and there was a statistical significant difference between males and females. Additionally, the findings of the research indicated that Bartlett (2015) and Spencer (2005) models were useful in increasing the research participants' knowledge in descriptive writing. Ultimately, these can have implications especially with regard to assessment issues not only EFL language teachers but also for EFL language learners.

Purpose of the study: This study aims to identify and analyze the types of grammatical errors made by tenth-grade students in writing recount texts, particularly in the use of the simple past tense, using Surface Strategy Taxonomy and Linguistic Category Taxonomy to reveal patterns of learners’ grammatical difficulties. Methodology: This research employed a descriptive error analysis approach, combining qualitative interpretation with quantitative frequency analysis. The data consisted of recount texts written by tenth-grade students of Senior high school 1 Sumberejo Tanggamus, collected through documentation. The errors were identified, classified, and analyzed based on Surface Strategy Taxonomy and Linguistic Category Taxonomy, with percentages used to indicate error tendencies rather than statistical generalization. Main Findings: The results show that misformation errors were the most dominant type (57.3%), followed by omission (24.3%), addition (5.6%), and misordering (2.8%). Most errors occurred in morphological and syntactic categories, particularly in verb forms related to the simple past tense. These findings indicate that students’ difficulties stem from incomplete mastery of grammatical rules and verb inflections rather than careless mistakes. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study contributes a dual-taxonomy error analysis that integrates Surface Strategy and Linguistic Category approaches to provide a more comprehensive diagnosis of students’ grammatical errors. The findings offer specific pedagogical implications, including the need for targeted grammar instruction, focused practice on verb-form accuracy, and error-based corrective feedback in teaching recount text writing.

Civil engineering, as a discipline, depends on accurate communication to deliver complex design specifications, construction methodologies, and structural analyses. English tenses in technical writing contributes to a crucial role in ensuring that information is not only conveyed accurately, but also comprehensively understood by students within the learning processes. Since most of the learning books in civil engineering field use English, thus students’ comprehension of English also becomes necessary. One of the approaches to improve the English learning process in the classroom is by utilizing technology, namely AntConc 4.2.0 Software. This study aims to observe the frequency of sentences in the AntConc related to the present tense used in the civil engineering book. The method used in this study was a mixed-method design. The quantitative method was used in the early stages of research to obtain data to be studied, involving the selection of a relevant civil engineering e-book. Moreover, qualitative method was used to analyze sentences that have been grouped into using simple present tense to obtain general linguistic patterns. The finding reveals that the most used tense in civil engineering book chosen is the simple present tense. Furthermore, it also demonstrates how AntConc 4.2.0 Software facilitates vocabulary acquisition and reveals patterns of language usage within the context of civil engineering literature. Keywords: AntConc, civil engineering, simple present tense

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the instances of grammar mistakes in the spoken English of Thai EFL university students. The research objectives were to compare the errors committed in lexical and sentence structure and their frequencies. The participants comprised 43 first-year English for Business Communication students learning General Listening and Speaking courses at the Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University. The data was gathered through recorded impromptu speeches on randomly assigned topics. The recordings were transcribed and then the data was analyzed using the Surface Strategy Taxonomy. The findings showed that there were 158 grammatical mistakes in total, and they are based on four main categories. Misformation errors were most prevalent, accounting for 69.62% of all errors, with subject-verb agreement (25.32%) and verb form (17.72%) errors being particularly common. Additional errors constituted 15.82%, omission errors 13.29%, and misordering errors 1.27% of the total. The most frequent subcategories were subject-verb agreement errors (25.32%), verb form misformation (17.72%), and tense misformation (12.66%). These results indicate that Thai EFL learners have considerable difficulties in utilizing appropriate grammatical structures in spoken English, and particularly verbs and agreements. The high frequency of misformation errors points to the fact that more focused instruction on problematic structures need to be addressed in lessons in contexts that convey meaningful communication. As such, it provides findings that could help plan specific instructional strategies and curriculum design for enhancing Thai students' spoken English proficiency.

The aims of this research is to find out grammar mistakes and obstacles in learning English through writing. Through writing, students can improve their understanding by paying close attention to the grammar and content. The implementation of CRS is meant to enhance the understanding of students of STMIK STIKOM Indonesia. And the implementation of Surface Strategy Taxonomy (SST) is done through documentation of students’ work through translation. The data source is taken from a report text in Indonesian as source language and translated it into English as target language. In order to know the benefit of SST, students are given the questionnaire to gain the data. Data collection is the results of students’ translations sheets. The results of 68 students’ translation work show that there are 98 error found in 4 kinds (errors omission, addition, mis-ordering and mis-formation) and each kind of error has its own sub-kind errors (SKE). The biggest error is omission with 39 errors (39,8%) and lowest error is mis-ordering with 12 errors (12,2%). Omission has 2 SKE, those are grammatical morpheme with 23 errors (23,5%) and content morpheme with 16 error (16,3%). Addition has 29 errors (29,6%) with SKE 16 simple errors addition (16,3%), and 13 double error addition (13,3%). Mis-ordering has 12 errors (12,2%) with SKE 4 misplacement of verbs (4,0%) and 8 misplacements of words/items (8,1%). Mis-formation has 18 errors with SKE 5 error of alternating form/ prepositions (5,1%), 6 errors of content oriented lexical/quantifiers (6,1%) and tenses with 7 errors (7,1%). There were 9 errors found in the agreement between demonstrative pronoun and noun (9,1%) and the lowest number of errors are apostrophe s and misplacement of verb with 4 errors each (4,0%). The questionnaire shows that the implementation of SST does help the students where 30 students (46,2%) said that they know their mistake, 24 students (36,9%) stated that they know about the words’ choice/diction and 11 students (16,9%) said that SST helps them to improve their English grammar. Besides, students are encouraged to practice more English in their daily.