Estimating fox abundance using the simultaneous count method

Amphibians are a Vital Sign indicator for monitoring long-term ecosystem health in seven national park units that comprise the Great Lakes Network. We present here the results for 2019 amphibian monitoring at Isle Royale National Park (ISRO). Appendices contain tabular summaries for six years of cumulative results. The National Park Service Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network established 10 permanent acoustic amphibian monitoring sites at ISRO in 2015. Acoustic samples are collected by placing automated recorders with omnidirectional stereo microphones at each of the 10 sampling sites. Temperature loggers co-located with the recorders also collect air temperature during the sampling period. The monitoring program detected all seven species of frog and toad known to occur at ISRO in 2019, with Eastern American Toad, Green Frog and Spring Peeper occurring at almost every site sampled, and Wood Frog at six sites. Gray Treefrog, Mink Frog, and Boreal Chorus Frog were found at only one or two sites each. Northern Leopard Frog has yet to be confirmed at ISRO in this GLKN monitoring program. We expanded analyses and reporting in 2018 to address calling phenology and to provide a second metric for tracking changes in abundance (as opposed to occupancy) across years. Occupancy analyses track whether or not a site was occupied by a species. Abundance is tracked by assessing how the maximum call intensity changes on sites across years, and by how many automated detections are reported from sites across years. Using two independent survey methods, manual and automated, with large sample sizes continues to return reliable results, providing a confident record of site occupancy for most species. There were no significant data collection issues in 2019. Three units stopped collecting data early but these data gaps did not compromise sampling rigor or analysis. Since temperature logs show that the threshold of ≥40°F was often exceeded by 1 April in 2019, making 15 March a start date for data collection may be considered if park personnel feel snow and ice cover would be reduced enough by that date as well. We do recommend making sure that temperature logger solar shields in future are not hanging in such a manner as to be banging against anything in a breeze, as this contaminates the soundscape

Amphibians are a Vital Sign indicator for monitoring long-term ecosystem health in seven national park units that comprise the Great Lakes Network. We present here the results for 2019 amphibian monitoring at Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore (PIRO). Appendices contain tabular summaries for six years of cumulative results. The National Park Service Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network established 10 permanent acoustic amphibian monitoring sites at PIRO in 2013. Acoustic samples are collected by placing automated recorders with omnidirectional stereo microphones at each of the 10 sampling sites. Temperature loggers co-located with the recorders also collect air temperature during the sampling period. We expanded analyses and reporting in 2018 to address calling phenology and to provide a second metric for tracking changes in abundance across years. Occupancy analyses track whether or not a site was occupied by a species. Abundance is tracked by assessing how the maximum call intensity changes on sites across years, and by how many automated detections are reported from sites across years. Using two independent survey methods, manual and automated, with large sample sizes continues to return reliable results, providing a confident record of site occupancy for most species. The monitoring program detected five of the six species of frog and toad known to occur at PIRO in 2019, with Eastern American Toad, Gray Treefrog, Green Frog, and Spring Peeper occurring at almost every site sampled. Wood Frog was found at five sites. Mink Frog is known to occur at Sand Point but has never been confirmed at sites monitored by this GLKN program. Additional species of potential occurrence remain hypothetical (i.e., Northern Leopard Frog). The only significant data collection issue in 2019 was at PIRO02, where the equipment recorded only intermittently resulting in only partial data analysis possible. Remaining sites successfully collected data as programmed. Cumulative program result summaries since inception are provided in appendices. Temperature logs in 2019 showed that the threshold of ≥40°F was uniformly exceeded by 1 May, hence we recommend making 10 April the target start date for data collection in future. This could be accomplished by fall deployment of recorders on delayed starts. We also recommend making sure that recorders are mounted 6–10 feet high to better survey the soundscape with less interference from foliage, and that temperature loggers be placed within solar shields.

Amphibians are a Vital Sign indicator for monitoring long-term ecosystem health in seven national park units that comprise the Great Lakes Network. We present here the results for 2019 amphibian monitoring at Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore (SLBE). Appendices contain tabular summaries for six years of cumulative results. The National Park Service Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network established 10 permanent acoustic amphibian monitoring sites at SLBE in 2013. Acoustic samples are collected by placing automated recorders with omnidirectional stereo microphones at each of the 10 sampling sites. Temperature loggers co-located with the recorders also collect air temperature during the sampling period. We expanded analyses and reporting in 2018 to address calling phenology and to provide a second metric for tracking changes in abundance across years. Occupancy analyses track whether or not a site was occupied by a species. Abundance is tracked by assessing how the maximum call intensity changes on sites across years, and by how many automated detections are reported from sites across years. Using two independent survey methods, manual and automated, with large sample sizes continues to return reliable results, providing a confident record of site occupancy for most species. The monitoring program detected five of the six species of frog and toad known to occur at SLBE in 2019, with Eastern American Toad, Gray Treefrog, Green Frog and Spring Peeper occurring at almost every site sampled. Wood Frog was found at one new site, and Northern Leopard Frog was not confirmed in 2019 but was detected at five sites in 2018. There were no significant data collection issues in 2019 except for late deployment of SLBE11, which limited data analyses for this site. Remaining sites successfully collected data as programmed. Cumulative data collection result summaries since inception are provided in appendices. Since temperature logs show that the threshold of ≥40°F was often exceeded by 1 April in 2019, making 15 March a start date for data collection may be considered if park personnel feel snow and ice cover would be reduced enough by that date as well.

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 北京河流底栖硅藻沿城乡梯度带空间分布及其季节变化 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201602200302 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院生态环境研究中心,中国科学院生态环境研究中心,中国科学院生态环境研究中心 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重大项目（41590840） Benthic diatom assemblages and their seasonal variation in streams along an urban-rural gradient in the Beijing metropolitan area Author: Affiliation: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, CAS,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, CAS,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, CAS Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:研究了北京市区沿城乡梯度带河流底栖硅藻的空间分布及其季节变化特征。通过在2014年的春季、夏季和秋季在山区对照溪流、城市上游河道和城市下游河道3个样区，共23个样点进行了底栖硅藻样品采集。分析表明，主要优势种的空间差异明显。在对照溪流，主要优势种为极小曲丝藻（Achnanthidium minutissimum）；在城市上游河道，主要优势种分别为短文假十字脆杆藻（Pseudostaurosira brevistriata）和连结十字脆杆藻腹面变种（Staurosira construens var. venter）；在城市下游河道，主要优势种为谷皮菱形藻（Nitzschia palea）。然而，3个样区内的主要优势种相对丰度季节变化较小（P > 0.05）。其中，A. minutissimum及P. brevistriata的季节变化特征均为春季>秋季>夏季，而S. construens var. venter及N. palea的季节变化特征均为春季>夏季>秋季。结果发现，北京市城乡梯度带的河流硅藻种类组成差异较大，但主要优势属种季节变化相对较小，表明硅藻种类能较好地反映城乡梯度带的河流环境变化状况，可用于北京市河流水质生物监测。 Abstract:Here, we investigated benthic diatom assemblages and their seasonal variation in streams along an urban-rural gradient in the Beijing metropolitan area. The samples were collected from 23 sites (7 from rural reference streams, 6 from upstream urban areas, and 10 from downstream urban areas) across three seasons of 2014, namely, spring (May), summer (August), and autumn (November). A total of 200 diatom species and sub-species belonging to 64 genera were identified during the period of sampling. Although Achnanthidium, Cocconeis, Cyclotella, Fragilaria, Gomphonema, Navicula, Nitzschia, Pseudostaurosira, and Staurosira were the dominant genera in the sampling sites, the major dominant genera and species differed considerably among the samples. In rural reference streams, Achnanthidium was the major dominant genus, with an average relative abundance of up to 40.6%. Achnanthidium minutissimum was the major dominant species, with an average relative abundance of 20.51%. In urban upstream sites, Pseudostaurosira and Staurosira were the major dominant genera, with average relative abundances of 21.72% and 22.18%, respectively. Pseudostaurosira brevistriata and Staurosira construens var. venter were the major dominant species, with average relative abundances of 21.72% and 20.17%, respectively. In urban downstream sites, Nitzschia was the major dominant genus, with an average relative abundance of 37.46%, and Nitzschia palea was the major dominant species, with an average relative abundance of 21.7%. There was no significant effect of seasonal variation in the relative abundance of the major dominant genera among the three sampling zones (P > 0.05). The relative abundance of Achnanthidium in reference streams was 34.03% in spring and 37.22% in summer, both of which were lower than that of 43.75% in autumn (P > 0.05). The relative abundances of Pseudostaurosira and Staurosira in urban upstream sites were 19.11% and 23.38% in spring, which were higher than those of 16.79% and 18.78% in summer and 18.18% and 20.49% in autumn (P > 0.05). The relative abundance of Nitzschia in urban downstream sites was 35.71% in spring and 39.27% in summer, both of which were higher than that of 27.25% in autumn (P > 0.05). The relative abundance of the major dominant species did not differ significantly in the three seasons. The relative abundance of A. minutissimum in the reference streams was 18.07% in spring and 17.44% in summer, which were lower than that (25.23%) in autumn (P > 0.05). The relative abundances of P. brevistriata and S. construens var. venter in urban upstream sites were 19.11% and 22.21% in spring, respectively, which were higher than the corresponding values of 16.79% and 16.71% in summer, and 18.18% and 18.86% in autumn (P > 0.05). The relative abundance of N. palea in urban downstream sites was 18.43% in spring and 13.2% in autumn, which were lower than that of 24.74% in summer (P > 0.05). However, the results showed that changes in the relative abundance of Achnanthidium and A. minutissimum in reference streams and Pseudostaurosira and P. brevistriata in urban upstream sites were larger in spring than in autumn and summer. Similarly, changes in the relative abundance of Staurosira and S. construens var. venter in urban upstream sites and Nitzschia and N. palea in urban downstream sites were larger in spring than in summer and autumn. Our results indicate that the distribution of diatom assemblages and their seasonal compositions might well reflect differences in urban-rural stream environments and their changes, and thus the diatom assemblages can be used for biological monitoring of streams in Beijing. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Profiling of individual naphthenic acids at a composite tailings reclamation fen by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

The Venus flytrap, Dionaea muscipula, is perhaps the world's best-known botanical carnivore. The act of prey capture and digestion along with its rapidly closing, charismatic traps make this species a compelling model for studying the evolution and fundamental biology of carnivorous plants. There is a growing body of research on the genome, transcriptome, and digestome of Dionaea muscipula, but surprisingly limited information on changes in trap transcript abundance over time since feeding. Here we present the results of a comparative transcriptomics project exploring the transcriptomic changes across seven timepoints in a 72-hour time series of prey digestion and three timepoints directly comparing triggered traps with and without prey items. We document a dynamic response to prey capture including changes in abundance of transcripts with Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to digestion and nutrient uptake. Comparisons of traps with and without prey documented 174 significantly differentially expressed genes at 1 hour after triggering and 151 genes with significantly different abundances at 24 hours. Approximately 50% of annotated protein-coding genes in Venus flytrap genome exhibit change (10041 of 21135) in transcript abundance following prey capture. Whereas peak abundance for most of these genes was observed within 3 hours, an expression cluster of 3009 genes exhibited continuously increasing abundance over the 72-hour sampling period, and transcript for these genes with GO annotation terms including both catabolism and nutrient transport may continue to accumulate beyond 72 hours.

The spatial and temporal patterns within the surf zone epibenthic assemblages were studied in a coastal fringe of Argentina to determine whether assemblage compositions, abundance, species richness and diversity vary spatially and temporarily. Sampling was conducted seasonally in two sandy beaches over 2 years with a benthic sledge used to collect the fauna in the upper centimeters of soft bottom sediments and the epifauna on the sediment surface. Physical variables were measured in the same coastal sites where biological sampling was conducted. A total of 58 morphospecies were collected. Peracarid crustaceans were the most abundant group. The mysid Pseudobranchiomysis arenae (new genus–new species) (29.73 ± 17.79 ind. per sample) and the isopod Leptoserolis bonaerensis (51.54 ± 22.35 ind. per sample) were the most abundant and common species and were present regularly throughout the sampling period. Differences in the surf zone community composition were found between the beaches; these differences could be related to variation in physical parameters such as sand grain size and wave climate, indicating the possible influence of the morphodynamic state of the beaches on the epibenthic assemblages. A seasonal abundance trend was detected, reflecting the changes in abundance of the two dominant species; the richness pattern was not easily detectable due to the sporadic appearance of non‐resident species in the surf zone, probably due to different causes, including dispersion by entry of water from surrounding areas, littoral currents and storms. The surf zone studied presents a complex and dynamic epibenthic community that appears to be influenced by the morphodynamic state of the beach and the dynamic of non‐resident species.

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 189:159-170 (1999) - doi:10.3354/meps189159 Influence of substratum heterogeneity scales and complexity on a temperate epibenthic marine community Louise Lapointe, Edwin Bourget* GIROQ, Département de biologie, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec G1K 7P4, Canada *E-mail: edwin.bourget@fsg.ulaval.ca ABSTRACT: The influence of 4 scales of substratum heterogeneity on the establishment of a temperate sessile marine epibenthic community (Beaufort, North Carolina, USA) was examined over a period of 1 yr. Artificial panels with crevices representing 4 scales of heterogeneity of 0, 1, 10 and 100 mm and with combinations of these crevices representing 4 levels of complexity (0+1+10, 0+1+100, 0+10+100 and 0+1+10+100 mm) were deployed in January 1991 and sampled in March, June, September 1991, and January 1992. Significant temporal changes in abundance (% cover) and species dominance were observed during each sample period. Initially (within 5 mo after immersion), significantly lower abundances occurred on panels with the 1 mm scale compared with panels without this scale. Changes in diversity appeared to be related mainly to the 100 mm scale of heterogeneity regardless of the complexity level: diversity values found on panels which included the 100 mm crevices were initially low, but exceeded that of all other panels by January (1 yr after immersion). In summary, panel complexity was not the major factor influencing community structure, but the scale of heterogeneity (1 mm for abundances and 100 mm for diversity) had important and significant effects. These results indicate the specific importance of the 1 mm scale not only during the larval settlement phase but also during the development of the community. We compared these results with laboratory experiments using inert particles and similar panels, whose results suggest that larval behaviour is involved in the selection of settlement sites. KEY WORDS: Substratum heterogeneity · Substratum complexity · Epibenthic marine community · Larval behaviour · Intertidal Full text in pdf format PreviousNextExport citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 189. Publication date: November 26, 1999 Print ISSN:0171-8630; Online ISSN:1616-1599 Copyright © 1999 Inter-Research.

Influence of plant community on Aedes albopictus (Diptera, Culicidae) oviposition behaviour: Insights from a Spanish botanical garden

Directly observed therapy and treatment adherence

Control program against hydatidosis and the decreased prevalence in Uruguay

The Symbiodinaceae are paradoxical in that they play a fundamental role in the success of scleractinian corals, but also in their dismissal when under stress. In the past decades, the discovery of the endosymbiont’s genetic and functional diversity has led people to hope that some coral species can survive bleaching events by associating with a stress-resistant symbiont that can become dominant when seawater temperatures increase. The variety of individual responses encouraged us to scrutinize each species individually to gauge its resilience to future changes. Here, we analyse the temporal variation in the Symbiodinaceae community associated with Leptoria phrygia, a common scleractinian coral from the Indo-Pacific. Coral colonies were sampled from two distant reef sites located in southern Taiwan that differ in temperature regimes, exemplifying a ‘variable site’ (VS) and a ‘steady site’ (SS). We investigated changes in the relative abundance of the dominant symbiont and its physiology every 3–4 months from 2016–2017. At VS, 11 of the 12 colonies were dominated by the stress-resistant Durusdinium spp. (>90% dominance) and only one colony exhibited co-dominance between Durusdinium spp. and Cladocopium spp. Every colony displayed high photochemical efficiency across all sampling periods, while showing temporal differences in symbiont density and chlorophyll a concentration. At SS, seven colonies out of 13 were dominated by Cladocopium spp., five presented co-dominance between Durusdinium spp./Cladocopium spp. and only one was dominated by Durusdinium spp. Colonies showed temporal differences in photochemical efficiency and chlorophyll a concentration during the study period. Our results suggest that VS colonies responded physiologically better to high temperature variability by associating with Durusdinium spp., while in SS there is still inter-colonial variability, a feature that might be advantageous for coping with different environmental changes.

The objective of the study conducted in the Lamto Guinean savannah situated at 165 km northwest of Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire consisted to assess the changes in soil mite abundance, diversity and community structure specific to the second fire cycle applied in 2015, as well as the inter-annual variation between the two fire cycles (2014 and 2015). Three study sites (Salty marigot, Plateau and North piste) were selected in shrub savannah, where on each, three adjacent stands of 100 m x 50 m formerly delimited were considered. The three fire regimes (early, mid-season, and late fire) were respectively applied on the three sites and stands. Thus, 135 soil cores (5 soil cores x 3 sampling periods x 3 fire regimes or stands x 3 sites) were used for mite extraction. 108 soil cores were taken at two upper layers (0-5 and 5-10 cm) for determination of the bulk density and water content. Whatever the fire regimes, the mean density of soil mites decreased after the fire application. The highest value of density was observed through the early fire (1,715 ± 327 ind.m-2) whereas the lowest value was recorded during the mid season fire (1,433 ± 153 ind.m-2). 41 species had been recorded along the three fire regimes and distributed as follows: early fire 34 species, mid season fire 20 species, and late fire 13 species. The mean species richness of soil mites changed significantly across the fire regimes, and reduced after the fire application, except for the mid season fire. The Simpson diversity index was significantly modified across the fire regimes, and increased after the fire application. Beyond to 24 specialist species, over 50% of the species observed before the burns were rediscovery after the fire application, and could explain this variation. The inter-annual variation of soil mites showed that the density (early fire, mid season fire, and late fire), mite richness (early fire), and diversity (early fire and late fire) increased whereas the mite richness (mid season fire and late fire), and diversity (mid season fire) decreased, respectively, during 2015-burn compared to the previous cycle (2014-burn). The rebound of soil mite parameters during the second fire cycle could be assigned (i) to litter and woody debris, which burn in a mosaic, reflecting local fire intensity, (ii) improving of stand complexity and canopy structure, and (iii) fire tolerance of mites.

Indirect immunofluorescence was used to quantify the seasonal variation of four halophilic aerobic Antarctic bacteria in Antarctic saline lakes from July 1990 to January 1991. Antibodies were raised against type strains from the Australian Collection of Antarctic Microorganisms. During summer, all four serogroups were identified in the aerobic waters of lakes with total dissolved salts above 61%. Maximal abundances of Halomonas meridiana, H. subglaciescola and Flavobacterium gondwanense serogroups were observed at discrete depths within the water column in the two most hypersaline lakes at about midsummer, coincident with the time of maximum sunlight and the commencement of the summer thaw. At this time the Halomonas spp. serogroups comprised up to 40% of the total bacteria and the F. gondwanense serogroup up to 10% of the total bacteria. The F. salegens serogroup was in low numbers (>2% of total bacteria) in some aerobic waters. Up to 2% of the total bacterial populations in the lakes were autofluorescent or stained non-specifically. Dissolved organic carbon values were measured throughout the sampling period and correlated well with total bacterial numbers but not with changes in species composition. Change in species abundance, as indicated by immunofluorescence, was not reflected in the total bacterial count, indicating compositional change of the total bacterial population.

Changes in vertebrate abundance following disturbance are commonly attributed to shifts in food resources or predation pressure, but underlying mechanisms have rarely been tested. We examined four hypotheses for the commonly reported increase in abundance of deer mouse ( Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner, 1845)) following forest fires: source–sink dynamics, decreased predation, increased food resources, and increased foraging efficiency. We found that reproduction of deer mouse was considerably higher in burned versus unburned forests and survival did not differ between habitats, indicating that burned forests were not sink habitats. Comparable survival also suggested that predation rates were similar between habitats. Increased reproduction in burned versus unburned forest suggested better resource conditions, but abundance of seeds and arthropods (the primary food resources for mice) either did not differ between habitats or were higher overall in unburned forest. Foraging experiments indicated that seed removal from depots was substantially higher in burned versus unburned forests after controlling for mouse density. Additionally, in both habitats, mice were captured more often in open microhabitats and the odds of individual insect removal increased with decreasing cover during certain sampling periods. Of the four hypotheses tested, greater foraging efficiency provided the best explanation for elevated populations of deer mouse. However, predation risk may have influenced foraging success.