Ethics of artificial intelligence

Purpose This study analyzes China’s strategic initiatives in metaverse and artificial intelligence (AI) development, examining their impact on academic research, industry innovation, and policy formulation. It aims to understand how government policies and investments have shaped research agendas and to identify challenges and opportunities in these fields. Design/methodology/approach The research employs a comprehensive analysis of government documents, funding schemes, and research output. It examines key policies, investment programs, and academic publications to track trends in metaverse and AI development in China. The study utilizes bibliometric analysis to assess publication trends, citation patterns, and international collaboration networks. Findings China’s proactive approach, characterized by strong government support and significant private sector investment, has led to a substantial increase in research output and quality in metaverse and AI fields. Chinese institutions have become major contributors to global publications, with growing citation rates and presence at international conferences. The research identifies emerging challenges in privacy, ethical AI development, and digital divide concerns. Practical implications The findings provide insights for policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders on the development trajectory of metaverse and AI technologies in China. They highlight the need for balanced approaches to innovation, regulation, and ethical considerations in these rapidly evolving fields. Social implications The study underscores the potential of metaverse and AI technologies to transform various sectors of society, from education and healthcare to entertainment and social interactions. It emphasizes the importance of addressing digital equity and ethical AI deployment to ensure broad societal benefits. Originality/value This research offers a comprehensive overview of China’s approach to metaverse and AI development, providing a unique perspective on the interplay between government initiatives, academic research, and industry innovation. It contributes to the broader discussion on the global development of these transformative technologies and their implications for future technological landscapes.

Technological advancements in the twenty-first century, invigorated by the exponential growth of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, have ushered in a new era that provides many of us with amenities and comforts that were hitherto unattainable. But behind this progressive rhetoric of neo-liberalism, capitalism, and post modernism, artificial Intelligence development has also sparked an increasingly ambiguous ethical future, especially at the level of privacy, manipulations and others. This article provides a concise analysis of the concept of Maqasid al-Shari’ah and its relevance to AI ethics. This paper attempts to investigate the ethical contemporary challenges posed by the advancement of AI from the perspective of Maqasid-al-Shari’ah and ethic-based approaches. In this study, the qualitative approach was used to clarify the importance of Maqasid Al-Shari’ah and the ethics of artificial intelligence in light of the ongoing contemporary challenges. The article contends that Artificial Intelligence poses weighty ethical challenges related to privacy, manipulation and others which are vital values in Maqasid Al-Shari’ah. The paper concludes that ethical considerations should be incorporated into the development and usage of Artificial Intelligence. The paper paves the way future attempts to analyse alternative ethical paradigms for Artificial intelligence in general, based on a comprehensive Islamic ethic-based approach founded within the context of maqasid which can represent a constructive contribution to the worldwide discourse on the ethics of Artificial Intelligence.

With continuing developments in artificial intelligence (AI) and robot technology, ethical issues related to digital humans, AI avatars, intelligent process automation, robots, cyborgs, and autonomous vehicles are emerging, and the need for cultural and social sustainability through AI ethics is increasing. Moreover, as the use of video conferencing and metaverse platforms has increased due to COVID-19, ethics concepts and boundaries related to information and communications technology, cyber etiquette, AI ethics, and robot ethics have become more ambiguous. Because the definitions of ethics domains may be confusing due to the various types of computing platforms available, this paper attempts to classify these ethics domains according to three main platforms: computing devices, intermediary platforms, and physical computing devices. This classification provides a conceptual ethics framework that encompasses computer ethics, information ethics, cyber ethics, robot ethics, and AI ethics. Several examples are provided to clarify the boundaries between the various ethics and platforms. The results of this study can be the educational basis for the sustainability of society on ethical issues according to the development of technology.

This article is talking about the possibility that artificial intelligence development may cause various problems in the society. It is claiming about the necessity of focusing on AI-ethics in school curriculums, rather than its techniques. AI-ethics is completely different from practical ethics, but it is related and able to affect every people and technologies, hence AI ethics must be taught in schools. Although there are many tries to put AI-ethics classes in the curriculum, there is a problem; the uncertain definition of AI-ethics education; What is AI-ethics, what constituents are needed to be in the school curriculums, and what is the reason to teach it. This article divides the ethicsthe ethics of AI, the ethics to treat AI, and the ethics about AI. And it clarify what AI ethics should be taught in schools and why. Also it insists the imperativeness of the staged AI-ethics education starting from elementary schools.

The gap between the high-level normative ethical principles aiming at guiding the development and the implantation of responsible artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, and the concrete application and practices of AI ethics in organizations is large and there is an urgent need for moving the discussion about AI ethics from theory to practicality. Building that bridge between knowing and doing in AI ethics is now a necessity to assist organizations into supporting the responsible development and use of AI. Therefore, the goal of this scoping review is to explore the relevant literature providing guidance on the matter of AI business ethics strategies and practices in organizations. From 490 unique results, 352 relevant documents were identified at this early stage of this scoping review in progress (title and abstract screening). After the next rounds of full-text screening, topics will be extracted from the included literature and summarized across different strategies and practices that will be at the core of this review. By keeping the focus on the actionability and practicability of the provided recommendations, following a pluralistic vision of ethics, this study will not only contribute to the advancement of knowledge and practice in AI ethics, but also increase the likelihood of AI ethics to be embedded in practice in organizations. Accordingly, the main goal of this paper is to provide a concrete answer to the question: What are the strategies, practices and practical solutions aiming at bridging the gap between principled and applied AI ethics in organizations proposed in the literature?KeywordsEthics of AIArtificial intelligenceEthics toolsApplied ethicsFormalization of ethicsBusiness ethics practicesAI ethics as practiceScoping review

This article examines the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and international human rights law, analyzing how existing frameworks address emerging technological challenges. While foundational instruments such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) provide robust normative foundations, they lack the specificity to address AI-related threats to privacy, equality, due process, and human dignity. The article traces the historical development of both human rights law and artificial intelligence, identifying critical gaps where AI systems challenge fundamental rights through algorithmic bias, mass surveillance, and automated decision-making. Despite recent frameworks including UNESCO's Recommendation on AI Ethics (2021) and the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (2024), implementation remains hindered by regulatory fragmentation, enforcement gaps, and geopolitical competition. The article concludes by proposing recommendations for binding international legal instruments, harmonized regulations, and inclusive governance mechanisms to ensure AI development aligns with universal human rights principles.

This paper argues that the field of artificial intelligence (AI) ethics needs to give more attention to the values and interests of nonhumans such as other biological species and the AI itself. It documents the extent of current attention to nonhumans in AI ethics as found in academic research, statements of ethics principles, and select projects to design, build, apply, and govern AI. It finds that the field of AI ethics gives limited and inconsistent attention to nonhumans, with the main activity being a line of research on the moral status of AI. The paper argues that nonhumans merit moral consideration, meaning that they should be actively valued for their own sake and not ignored or valued just for how they might benefit humans. Finally, it explains implications of moral consideration of nonhumans for AI ethics research and practice, including for the content of AI ethics principles, the selection of AI projects, the accounting of inadvertent effects of AI systems such as via their resource and energy consumption and potentially certain algorithmic biases, and the research challenge of incorporating nonhuman interests and values into AI system design. The paper does not take positions on which nonhumans to morally consider or how to balance the interests and values of humans vs. nonhumans. Instead, the paper makes the more basic argument that the field of AI ethics should move from its current state of affairs, in which nonhumans are usually ignored, to a state in which nonhumans are given more consistent and extensive moral consideration.

The rapid development of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has brought opportunities and new challenges to higher education. Students need a high level of self‐regulated learning to adapt to this change. However, it is difficult for students to persist in self‐regulation without guidance. Metacognitive support has a significant advantage in enhancing self‐regulated learning, but fewer studies have explored the effects of its role in GenAI environments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of metacognitive support on college students' self‐regulated learning and learning experiences in a GenAI environment. A quasi‐experiment was designed in which 68 college students were divided into two groups. The experimental group ( N = 35) received explicit metacognitive support, while the control group ( N = 33) did not receive any metacognitive prompts. The experiment lasted 4 weeks. The study measured students' academic performance, self‐regulated learning ability and learning experiences (including cognitive load and technology acceptance). The results indicate that in the GenAI environment, metacognitive support, while not producing significant between‐group differences in achievement, enhances students' self‐regulated learning abilities particularly in terms of task strategy and self‐evaluation, as well as optimizing their learning experience. The study also found that students were at risk of decreasing their level of self‐regulated learning if they lacked metacognitive support in the GenAI environment. The conclusion points out that GenAI supports learners to accomplish learning tasks while potentially reducing self‐regulated learning effectiveness, and that metacognitive support is key to supporting effective regulation in learners' GenAI environments. This study provides an important theoretical and practical basis for how to better support learners' learning in GenAI environments. Practitioner notes What is already known about this topic SRL is vital for effective learning in digital environments. Generative AI tools, like ChatGPT, can enhance learning but require support. Learners often struggle to apply SRL strategies without guidance. What this paper adds Metacognitive support improves SRL in Generative AI environments. It reduces cognitive load and increases the perceived usefulness of AI tools. Structured support leads to better academic outcomes. Implications for practice and/or policy Teachers should integrate metacognitive support when using AI tools. Teacher training should focus on SRL strategies in tech‐rich settings. Policies should promote ethical and effective AI use in education.

<p>In the modern world, artificial intelligence continues to evolve dramatically with day by day new and improved innovations. The computers have now been designed to perform simple tasks such as vehicle identification, facial recognition and many more. The major goal of AI is the development of sophisticated and dramatically more complicated systems to outperform individuals in any way. This involves performing more difficult tasks such as chess-playing and finding solutions for equations. The major goal of AI is to improve all human activities as well as to provide better alternatives than human being solves an issue. The automated system, which carries out all human activities, from vehicle control to computerized commercial applications, will face a number of challenges in the future. However, it prevents the production of lethal weapons that once used to strike, harm people noticeably. The development of super Artificial intelligence, which improves self, triggers an intelligence explosion, however would greatly discontinue human intellectual ability. The development of super AI is the largest breakthrough in human existence history. The development of advanced technology thus contributed significantly to the removal of conflicts, effective means of disease prevention and application development. In this paper, we analyze the influence of AI on our daily lives, as well as various things such as AI's growth, AI's challenges, applications of AI in various aspects of life and Artificial Intelligence ethics.</p>

This study investigates how transparency, fairness, and employee participation influence the ethical use and development of artificial intelligence (AI) in the workplace, with a focus on knowledge workers in Finland. Drawing on a survey of 474 respondents, the research explores how these ethical principles contribute to employee engagement and the development of digital and developer agency. The study employs confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis to validate a four-factor model comprising sense of fairness, transparency and involvement, participation and engagement, and development of digital and developer agency. The results show that transparency and fairness significantly enhance employee participation and engagement, which in turn fosters the development of digital and developer agency. The findings highlight the importance of inclusive and transparent AI practices in promoting ethical AI adoption and strengthening professional agency in evolving work environments. The study contributes to the growing body of research on responsible AI by offering empirical evidence on the social and organisational dimensions of AI ethics.

Background: The intensive care unit is a center for massive data collection, making it the best field to embrace big data and artificial intelligence. Objective: This study aimed to provide a literature overview on the development of artificial intelligence in critical care medicine (CCM) and tried to give valuable information about further precision medicine. Methods: Relevant studies published between January 2010 and June 2021 were manually retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded database in Web of Science (Clarivate), using keywords. Results: Research related to artificial intelligence in CCM has been increasing over the years. The USA published the most articles and had the top 10 active affiliations. The top ten active journals are bioinformatics journals and are in JCR Q1. Prediction, diagnosis, and treatment strategy exploration of sepsis, pneumonia, and acute kidney injury were the most focused topics. Electronic health records (EHRs) were the most widely used data and the “-omics” data should be integrated further. Conclusions: Artificial intelligence in CCM has developed over the past decade. With the introduction of constantly growing data volume and novel data types, more investigation on artificial intelligence ethics and model correctness and extrapolation should be performed for generalization.

In recent years, due to the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, its application has been widely used in many aspects of financial area, as well as significantly impacts financial market, institutions and regulation. The artificial intelligence technology brings enormous change to the entire financial industry, which creates a series of innovative financial services such as intelligent consultant, intelligent lending, monitoring and warning, and intelligent customer service as times required. In this paper, it aims to summarize the development and application of artificial intelligence and machine learning in financial system, as well as its impacts on macroeconomics and microeconomics. In the meantime, it is realised that a series of problems and risks were conducted by artificial intelligence during its use. Lastly, some suggestions and strategies are provided for reasonable usage of artificial intelligence in financial risk management, based on the financial risk management raised by artificial intelligence.

The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought significant changes to human life in various aspects, including the economy, society, and culture. What is concerning is that, without clear value and ethical controls, AI has the potential to disrupt the balance of humanity and human development. In Islam, humans are entrusted as khalifah (vicegerents) to develop and prosper the earth based on principles outlined in the Qur’an and Hadith. This article discusses how the Islamic principle of khalifah can serve as a foundation for human development in the era of artificial intelligence (AI) by identifying the concept of khalifah from an Islamic perspective and evaluating the impact of AI development on human growth. Furthermore, this study proposes a framework for AI development based on khalifah principles. The advancement of AI technology requires guidance grounded in values and ethics to ensure human well-being and environmental balance. This study employs a qualitative approach through library research on primary and secondary sources related to the concept of khalifah, human development, and ethical issues of AI in the contemporary context. The article proposes the integration of maqasid shariah and the khalifah principle as an Islamic ethical framework in the development and use of AI.

This study examines the ethical dimensions of artificial intelligence (AI) and explores the awareness and understanding of how users interact with AI and the potential consequences of these interactions. In recent years, growing awareness of the risks of AI has driven the development of ethical guidelines by various organizations. These guidelines aim to ensure that AI is developed and deployed in a responsible manner, with a focus on human well-being, societal benefits and minimizing risks. However, despite this global movement, there is a lack of consensus on key ethical issues such as bias, discrimination, privacy and human rights issues. The study focuses on the perceptions of 127 participants from 11 countries with diverse professional backgrounds in technology, education and finance. A survey with a 5-point Likert scale was used to assess participants’ attitudes towards AI ethics in relation to various topics such as transparency. The study examines differences in responses across professions and countries using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) test. The results reveal variations in ethical priorities, suggesting that while global ethical frameworks are emerging, further efforts are needed to achieve uniformity in AI ethical standards. The findings emphasize the importance of increasing awareness and understanding of AI ethics to mitigate potential harms.

This brief introduction sets a context for the subject of the book: the challenges that arise in developing codes of ethics for artificial intelligence (AI). To start with, an overview of some of the concerns about AI and current developments in AI. AI encompasses a wide range of applications, of very varying natures, which means that there will be complex debates about its benefits and risks. Some of the many and varied current initiatives concerned more specifically with AI and ethics are introduced briefly. There are diverse approaches to tackling ethical issues in AI which may complement the development of codes of ethics, and these too are briefly outlined.