Evaluating Ethics Quality

The effect of ethics on labor market success: Evidence from MBAs

Nine years before Kate Chopin unveiled The Awakening (1899), she self-published her first novel, At Fault. The novel, considered by critics as a worthy piece of fiction, established Chopin as a new and talented writer. The story of a widow running a plantation in the Natchitoches Parish of Louisiana, At Fault reflects Chopin's own life. After two years of widowhood and successfully running her husband's business, Chopin left the Natchitoches Parish for St. Louis in mid-1884, partly because of her involvement with Albert Sampite, a married man. (1) After a year in St. Louis and shortly after her mother's death, Chopin began writing for publication. (2) Like Therese in At Fault, Chopin faced a decision between love and traditional ethics in her relationship with Sampite. Because Sampite was a southern Catholic, he could not divorce. In Louisiana when a couple did divorce, civil law prohibited either partner from marrying a lover. Consequently, Chopin had reason to question what she called an old southern code of righteousness that prevented her as well as her female protagonist in At Fault from happiness. At Fault (1890) exhibits the same genius and skill characteristic of all Kate Chopin's writing. Yet, despite the revitalization of interest in Chopin's works during the twentieth century, Chopin's first novel has been, for the most part, forgotten in academic study. Still, At Fault is no exception to Chopin's authorial skill through which she elegantly addresses society's flaws. Since the plot of At Fault appears on the surface to be contrived or stereotypical, some scholars have dismissed the novel as a weak attempt by Chopin to gain recognition as a new writer. What is not immediately apparent in At Fault is Chopin's careful manipulation of nineteenth-century southern pastoral conventions in the novel to address flaws in southern society. Southern pastoral, a genre addressing southern political issues, was popular during Reconstruction. Educated and well read, Chopin would have been familiar with the southern pastoral literary conventions of her time. Sidney Lanier, Thomas Nelson Page, and Joel Chandler Harris had all published southern pastoral fiction by the time Chopin completed At Fault. And like writers before her, Chopin provides enough information in At Fault for her reader to determine that the novel is southern pastoral. Like a traditional southern pastoral, At Fault opens with the rural and secluded setting of Place du Bois that contrasts to an urban world encroaching from the outside. Even in the opening chapters when Therese first assumes her husband's role, change is implied at Place du Bois. For instance, a new railroad squats at the edge of the plantation (5). Moreover, the southern pastoral setting is altered throughout the novel until the setting is no longer traditionally pastoral. Like the setting, characters in At Fault are also shaped in a pastoral mold. Yet the pastoral gender roles in At Fault, such as the pastoral love interest of the master of the plantation, invert when the female protagonist assumes the traditionally male pastoral role. Jane Hotchkiss, in her Confusing the Issue: Who's `At Fault' suggests the possibility of gender reversal in At Fault by applying Carol Gilligan's study of gender-based ethics to Chopin's characters. According to Hotchkiss, the male ethical character follows what Chopin described as a code of righteousness of what is right and wrong to deal out judgements, while the female ethical character observes the individual circumstances of each moral dilemma before making a conscientious decision (34). Hotchkiss asserts that Therese embodies a male ethical character while Hosmer personifies a female ethical character (34). What Hotchkiss does not consider is how her assertions are related to Chopin's use of pastoral conventions. While Chopin associates male ethics with an old pastoral ideal, she relates female ethics to a contemporary or urban ideal in At Fault. …

Existing studies on spiritual leadership often emphasize theological legitimacy or charismatic authority, while paying limited attention to the role of social reputation and ethical formation as foundational elements in the emergence of religious leadership. This gap highlights the need to examine how integrity and honesty function as forms of social capital that enable the transformation of individuals into recognized spiritual leaders. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze the role of social reputation and ethical preparation in establishing the legitimacy of spiritual leadership, with a primary focus on the Prophet Muhammad and a comparative perspective involving other religious figures. This research employs a qualitative methodology using historical and comparative approaches, based on the analysis of classical texts, historical archives, and relevant narrative sources. The findings demonstrate that a consistently maintained reputation for integrity and honesty constitutes a critical form of social capital that facilitates the transition from social roles to spiritual leadership. Moreover, mediation practices, economic engagement, and contemplative activities are identified as key factors that shape leaders’ ethical character and reinforce their legitimacy. This study contributes a holistic conceptual framework that integrates social capital theory with the study of spiritual leadership, thereby enriching the discourse in the sociology of religion and leadership ethics. The findings further imply that integrity and honesty are not merely personal virtues, but fundamental drivers of social trust, religious authority, and transformative leadership across diverse religious contexts.

First, the mutual interiority that exists in every human action between its ethical and technical dimension is analyzed, more specifically in relation to health practice. It is established that by means of technical or ethical habits, or applying certain deliberative guidelines, alone it is not possible to discern between the goodness or not of a certain action. For this to be possible, it is necessary to adopt a personal perspective, both as regards oneself and when judging the actions of others. Secondly, then, the virtue of prudence is essential to choose the most best path in a specific context. This ethical habit is greatly influenced by the overall ethical character of the person and by their deliberative capacity and knowledge of ethical principles. With regard to the second, it is necessary to follow the usual ways by which the person makes decisions and considers a certain action as good or bad. Therefore, it cannot be pretend using technical decision-making methods health professionals will deliberate and make ethical decisions. In conclusion, it is necessary that the prudence of professionals be based both on the personal ethical character and on an analysis of ethical cases in consonance with the natural way in which human reason acts.

The article presents the results of the investigation of the essence of altruism through the prism of religion as an integral part of spirituality. Here are presented scientific views about spiritual and religious aspects in the research of altruistic behavior of people. Based on the fact that modern societies, for whom material well-being and consumption have become the highest good, comes to the fore the problem of deficiency of spiritual manifestations and high morality, humanity and selfless help to others. Therefore, in the scientific community, as never before, there is an urgent need to study the "eternal" topic of spirituality, subjective well-being of the personality, expression of her spiritual and ethical qualities, manifestations of personality altruistic behavior in relation to the surrounding world. The growing interest in altruism and its manifestation in spiritual and religious life is the basis for investigation of the scientific works of thinkers and scientists of different periods. Spirituality and religionism, which are often perceived as identical and interchangeable concepts, are actually different. Spirituality is related to the personal search for the meaning of life. Religion refers to an organized social institution, focused on supreme forces and conducts rituals and various practices. It has been established that spiritual and ethical qualities are included: kindness; mercy; compassion; forgiveness; humility, honesty, generosity etc. These qualities are obviously connected with religiosity, with empathy and wisdom and life-affirming meanings. This list doesn't include altruism due to insufficient study of this topic. "Where does altruism, as a phenomenon of the spirit, come out of a person?" The answer to this question can be found in two opposite directions: biological and cultural, which are briefly described in the article. Сultural altruism becomes possible in a community that focuses on spiritual values or in religious cooperation. In this context, emphasis is made on the fundamental work "Culture and Ethics" by A. Schweitzer, which is an example of service to humanity. Valuable in the religious aspect is D. Johnson's hypothesis, which provides an explanation of the evolutionary significance of religion and the manifestation of altruism through the prism of supernatural punishment. Important for the understanding and interpretation of religious altruism became the interpretation of these concepts: religion, religiosity, appeal to religion, as well as interpretation of the concept of altruism and the derived term "altruistic behavior". It is classified as one of the forms of prosocial behavior, when concern for the welfare of others is shown without expecting a reward. An example of prosocial activity is the professional activity of a churchman. This article focuses on personal qualities and activities of a religious figure and indicates his altruistic behavior in his own inner spiritual growth and constant service to the religious cult. The scientific ınvestıgatıon was conducted and became the basis for further research, also identified directions and determined the importance and depth of this problem.

Chrétien de Troyes wrote five Arthurian romances. Here are first set out the noble and lofty king, the beautiful and distant queen, the Round Table which brings together knights famous both for their prowess — physical power — and for their courtesy — the ethical qualities that especially distinguish Chrétien’s world. The basic apparatus of the Arthurian legend as modern readers know it, absent in Culhwch ac Olwen and barely suggested in the Historia Reeum Britanniae, is suddenly present in Chrétien’s work.

One challenge within the high-tech sector is to develop products that end users will actually need and will be able to use. One way of trying to match the design of high-tech products to the needs of end users, is to let researchers and designers interact with them via a human-centred design (HCD) approach. One HCD project, in which the author works, is studied. It is shown that the relation between interacting with end users and making design decision is not straightforward or “logical.” Gathering knowledge about end users is like making a grasping gesture and reduces their otherness. Making design decisions is not based on rationally applying rules. It is argued that doing HCD is a social process with ethical qualities. A role for management is suggested to organize HCD alternatively to stimulate researchers and designers to explicitly discuss such ethical qualities and to work more reflectively.

Character ethics and interprofessional practice: Description and analysis

Character ethics addresses the conditions, values, and ideas that give shape to our ways of life - to our character as a people. It has formed an integral part of political life and thought throughout history. It has, however, fallen to neglect during much of this century. We ignore it at our peril. A growing communitarian movement has renewed attention to character or “virtue” ethics in recent years, much of it focused on local, grassroots initiatives. This essay introduces the reader to some basic aspects of character ethics, and then presents an argument for its relevance to public administration. The argument focuses on the application of character ethics to organizational-economic arrangements and conditions which form a great part of the public administration's responsibilities. The organizational economy constitutes a vital foundation for shaping civic character. Since public administration influences the organizational economy, our ethical responsibilities should include continually examining prac...

This chapter examines Wittgenstein’s early and later views on ethics in light of the development of his views on philosophical method. I begin by discussing certain continuous features of Wittgenstein’s views, in particular his conception that philosophy can offer only reminders and clarifications, not give a foundation for language, thought or ethics, with the first section introducing Wittgenstein’s notions of the personal character and groundlessness of ethics. The second section examines Wittgenstein’s early account of the possibility and nature of ethics and his account of a happy life, conceived in abstract and general terms as the problem of the relation of the will to reality. Following this, I discuss his later rejection of the early account, and its replacement with a different one that treats the problem of the relation of the will to reality as a particular aspect of ethics, rather than as its underlying essence. The final section is concerned with Wittgenstein’s views on ethical justification. I argue that. although Wittgenstein does regard ethical justifications as inconclusive, neither this nor the personal character and groundlessness of ethics imply relativism.

What are the current research trends in human assisted reproduction around the world? An analysis of 26,000+ scientific publications (articles, letters and reviews) produced worldwide between 2005 and 2016. The corpus of publications indexed in PubMed was obtained by combining the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms: 'Reproductive techniques', 'Reproductive medicine', 'Reproductive health', 'Fertility', 'Infertility' and 'Germ cells'. An analysis was then carried out using text mining algorithms to obtain the main topics of interest. A total of 44 main topics were identified, which were then further grouped into 11 categories: 'Laboratory techniques', 'Male factor', 'Quality of ART, ethics and law', 'Female factor', 'Public health and infectious diseases', 'Basic research and genetics', 'Pregnancy complications and risks', 'General - infertility & ART', 'Psychosocial aspects', 'Cancer' and 'Research methodology'. The USA was the leading country in terms of number of publications, followed by the UK, China and France. Research content in high-income countries is fairly homogeneous across categories and it is dominated by 'Laboratory techniques' in Western-Southern Europe, and by 'Quality of ART, ethics and law' in North America, Australia and New Zealand. 'Laboratory techniques' is also the most abundant category on a yearly basis. This study identifies the current hot topics on human assisted reproduction worldwide and their temporal trends for 2005-2016. This provides an innovative picture of the current research that could help explore the areas where further research is needed.

Introduction. In the article in theory the modern checking of quality of public accountant services and professional ethics system is investigational and she is described component elements, the functions of regulators are exposed and analyses normatively is the legal providing; the dynamics of amount of subjects of public accountant activity, amount of orders of subjects of public accountant activity, actual volume of the rendered services, middle accuses of one subject of public accountant activity, amount of verifications, is certain in connection with a receipt from physical and legal persons, and also public organs of complaints, statements, appeals from that improper implementation of professional duties was seen by the subjects of public accountant activity on results a grant by them public accountant services and accordingly amount penalty, on their result for period 2015 -2017; directions of upgrading of public accountant services are reasonable within the framework of integration. Purpose. Purpose is theoretical and practical investigation of quality of audit services and professional ethics. Results. The analysis of generalized information on audit activity during 2015-2017 indicates changes due to the introduction of new legislative acts and from the side of regulators. For gaining of the aim it is defined the next tasks: the analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators of audit activity and of system control of quality of audit services and professional ethics for the period of 2015-2017 years, the defining of directions of improvement of quality audit managing processes, substantiated directions of improvement of audit services quality within the framework of European integration. Subjects of mandatory quality control of audit services are subjects of audit activity that provide services for mandatory audit of financial statements. Quality control of audit services involves testing of internal procedures, verification of working documents, audit reports and other reports, contracts for the provision of audit services, internal administrative acts of the audit activity subject, which determine the policy and procedures to be applied in the provision of audit services.

Emmanuel Levinas (1906—1995) emerged as an influential philosophical voice in the final decades of the twentieth century, and his reputation has continued to flourish and increase in our own day. His central themes—the primacy of the ethical and the core of ethics as our responsibility to and for others—speak to readers from a host of disciplines and perspectives. However, his writings and thought are challenging and difficult. The Oxford Handbook of Levinas contains essays that aim to clarify and engage Levinas and his writings in a number of ways. Some focus on central themes of his work, others on the ways in which he read and was influenced by figures from Plato, Hobbes, Descartes, and Kant to Blanchot, Husserl, Heidegger, and Derrida. Other essays focus on how his thinking has been appropriated in moral and political thought, psychology, film criticism, and more, and on the relation between his thinking and religious themes and traditions. Finally, several essays deal primarily with how readers have criticized Levinas and found him wanting. This volume exposes and explores both the depth of Levinas’s philosophical work and the range of applications to which it has been put, with special attention to clarifying how his interests in the human condition, the crisis of civilization, the centrality and character of ethics and morality, and the very meaning of human experience should be of interest to the widest range of readers.

Introduction by Clifford G. Christians and John C. Merrill Part I. The Altruistic Stance: Loyalty to Others Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama: Universal Compassion by John C. Merrill Jesus: Loving Neighbors by Mary Hulst John Stuart Mill: Utilitarianism by Raphael Cohen-Almagor Carol Gilligan: Ethics of Care by Lee Wilkins Martin Luther King Jr.: Personalism by William Babcock Mother Teresa: Ethics of Sacrifice by Janice Hume Part II. The Egoistic Stance: Loyalty to Self Aristotle: Self-Development by Lee Anne Peck Nietzsche: Becoming an Ubermensch by Clifford G. Christians Machiavelli: Pragmatic Realism by John C. Merrill Camus: The Rebellious Spirit by David Gunkel Kautilya of India: Social Egoism by John C. Merrill Ayn Rand: Rational Self-Interest by John C. Merrill Part III. The Autonomy Stance: Loyalty to Freedom Henry David Thoreau: Value of Solitude by Stephanie Craft John Locke: Natural Rights by Patrick Lee Plaisance Dietrich Bonhoeffer: Courage v. Authority by Ronald C. Arnett Paulo Freire: Face Saving and Communication by Ronald C. Arnett Hannah Arendt: Public as Authority by Maurine Beasley Part IV. The Legalist Stance: Loyalty to Authority Plato: Elite Norms by Lee Anne Peck Muhammad: Honor-Centered Morality by Mohammad A. Siddiqi Kant: Importance of Duty by Lee Anne Peck Moses: Deontological Norms by William Babcock Hobbes: Submission to Leviathan by Stephen J. A. Ward Part V. The Communitarian Stance: Loyalty to the Community Confucius: Ethics of Character by Virginia Whitehouse Gandhi: Fellowship of Power by Lee Wilkins Marx: Transcending Alienation by Jon Bekken Dewey: Democratic Conversation by Lee Wilkins Habermas: Consensus and Citizenship by David S. Allen Levinas: Priority of the Other by Ronald C. Arnett.

Toward an Ethics of Character