Evaluation of cooperation between players in the rugby scrum using IMU

This chapter takes aim at Victor Davis Hanson's The Western Way of War and its highly influential and popular conception of how hoplites fought. It critiques the orthodox view—especially the version of Hanson—concerning the actual weight of the hoplite panoply, which the chapter argues was far lighter than the traditional estimate of about seventy pounds. The chapter proposes a different interpretation of the various stages of hoplite battle, such as the hoplite charge into battle. In this view, the evidence supports neither the picture of a mass collision between armies nor the concept of a mass pushing of troops or the account of the othismos as a rugby scrum. Furthermore, this chapter contends that the phalanx did not consist exclusively of hoplites before Marathon. It suggests, however, that even in the fifth century hoplites never actually fought in a cohesive formation.

This article is in view of the special trainer which depends on the technology of Scrum rugby movement. It makes training quantified and combines training and monitoring. In close coordination with the coaches, it successfully develops rugby Scrum special strength training of test equipment by combing movement biology mechanics, mechanical design and manufacturing, computer technology, human body engineering and other professional technology. By Real-time observation of athletes technical action of various forces when doing Scrum, it can achieve real-time monitoring, diagnosis, and correction of Scrum training action, in order to achieve Scrum techniques of quantitative and refined training, and to improve football Scrum a better effect. The developed Scrum special training can be used not only in training and scientific research, but can be used in normal training and rehabilitation training.

Cervical injury in rugby scrum and tackle

Although the characteristic morphology of rugby forwards playing different positions in the rugby scrum has been well documented, a complete picture of the force characteristics that different players produce has not been evaluated. This is especially true for the movement of the centre of pressure (CoP) elicited during scrummaging in a forward direction. An individual scrummaging ergometer was therefore developed to measure the CoP of an individual scrum action using conventional torque calculations. Calibration of the measurement system revealed measured force errors within 16.6 N of the actual force and errors of less than 3.96 mm for CoP location determination. Thirty-nine club level rugby union players (22 front rows, 11 locks and six back rows) scrummed against the ergometer on an outdoor rugby field. Differences between the three groups were tested using one-way ANOVAs. The maximum force for different players was 2253.6 ± 649.0 N over the entire subject group. There were no differences in the individual compressive force between the groups [front rows: 2404.0 ± 650.3 N; locks: 2185.6 ± 568.9 N; back rows: 1826.9 ± 670.2 N (p = 0.143)]. Individually, front rows started at a higher position than back rows (p = 0.009) and were at a higher vertical position than locks when producing maximum force (p = 0.028). Front rows had lower variation in the CoP (p = 0.044) and less movement to achieve their maximum force (p = 0.020) than locks. Front rows moved less overall than back rows (p = 0.028) during the scrum trial. The design and application of the individual scrum ergometer showed with good limits of agreement that differences in force magnitude and CoP exist within scrummaging players. Practically, the application of this ergometer may assist in the individual optimisation of scrummaging performance.

A rugby scrum type management structure for BSC under R&D program