Evaluation of Treading Resistance Using a Modified Treading Load System in Turfgrass

As the continuous promotion of Internet innovation, the energy consumption of data center operation is increasing. A variety of energy sources (including clean energy) can effectively improve energy efficiency to meet the various power needs of the data center. Accurate prediction of multi energy load in integrated energy system is an important part of energy system improvement planning, function scheduling and energy management. Because there is a strong correlation between loads in energy system, it is very important to analyze the coupling characteristics of multi energy loads in system load forecasting. The coupling between multi energy loads is demonstrated by grey correlation analysis, and the optimal prediction model of long-term cooling, power and heating loads in the integrated energy system is established. The modeling results show that considering the characteristics of multi energy load in the system, the BP neural network prediction model optimized by genetic algorithm is selected, and the prediction result is closer to the actual value.

Drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) are critical for protecting public health by ensuring safe water is transported from centralized treatment facilities to consumers. Sediment accumulation in DWDS is a common challenge that water utilities face that may pose some health risks when waterborne pathogens colonize biofilms formed on the sediment surface. Water utilities often establish flushing routines to help mitigate sediment accumulation in their system but the role that sediment plays in contributing to the total microbial loading in the system is unclear. The main objective of this study was to determine if sediment in a DWDS presents a significant source of microbial loading. In addition, changes to sediment and microbial loading that occur with duration after a flushing event were monitored. The influence of other physicochemical parameters on sediment and microbial loading was also investigated. Water samples were collected at 14 different sites in the Preston County Public Service District #1 DWDS located in Arthurdale, WV. Samples were collected at each site once before and at three time points after routine flushing was performed. Total bacteria and sediment associated bacteria were quantified in all samples via quantitative polymerase chain reaction targeting the universal bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Samples were also tested for various physiochemical parameters such as chlorine, pH, conductivity, temperature, turbidity, total suspended solids, heterotrophic plate count, total organic carbon, iron, manganese, and magnesium. It was found that sediment associated bacteria can be a significant source of microbial loading in distribution systems, with up to 4 log 16S rRNA gene copies per mL detected on sediment in DWDS samples. However, sediment loading alone was not a strong predictor of high sediment associated bacterial loading in these samples. On two sampling dates, chlorine concentration was negatively correlated with sediment associated bacteria, indicating that maintaining a chlorine residual is important for controlling growth. These findings help to establish sediment as an important conduit for microbial loading in a DWDS. Since biofilms formed on the surface of sediment can be a possible environment for harmful pathogens, this information is important for water utilities to consider to ensure the best water quality to their consumer.

New models for reinforced concrete precast hybrid deep beams under static loads with curved hybridization

The global energy issues have become increasingly prominent in recent years, photovoltaic power generation as a renewable energy use pattern is widely used, but a large number of photovoltaic power generation to the grid is a big negative impact, it is necessary to predict the output power of the photovoltaic. Power system load forecasting is the reference and safeguard of the power system operation. This article analyzes the main point of the prediction of photovoltaic power system and power load system, then introduces the support vector machine (SVM) based on quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) to do the prediction. And then this paper proposes a generalized system load prediction system containing the photovoltaic power system.

Aiming at the problem of long average delay of traditional UAV emergency communication, a performance optimization method of UAV communication link based on emergency communication environment is proposed. The target tasks in the emergency communication channel are divided into different target task groups. According to the distance between the target tasks in the target task group, the symmetric matrix is constructed, all elements in the symmetric matrix are classified, and the classification results are calculated by ant colony algorithm to construct the emergency communication task scheduling model of UAV. Combined with the emergency communication task scheduling model and the demand, priority, time window, and communication ability of UAV emergency scheduling task, the time delay control of UAV emergency communication is realized with the goal of maximizing the efficiency of UAV task execution, maximizing the completion rate of UAV task execution and minimizing the risk of UAV delay. The experimental results show that the average delay of the three methods also increases. When the system load is 50%, the average delay of common methods is 23 ms, the average delay of traditional methods is 76 ms, the average delay of the method proposed in this paper is 26 ms, and the common average delay is the shortest. When the system load is 99%, the common methods cannot realize emergency communication scheduling due to system load overshoot, and the corresponding average delay cannot be considered, indicating that the common methods are unstable. The average delay of the method proposed in this paper is stable under different system loads and always remains below 40 ms. It is proved that compared with the traditional methods, the method proposed in this paper takes less time for UAV emergency communication and has less average delay under different system loads, so it has better application value.

Robert Thomas has shown, using simulations of experimental results, that the power flow on any line in an electric network is linearly proportional to the total system load when that system is optimally dispatched using accurate generator cost data. By comparison, when offers from generators obtained in a wholesale market that is not perfectly competitive are used to dispatch the system, that relationship between line flow and system load becomes nearly random. These simulations were conducted in a single-sided market environment, however, that is typical of most wholesale market regimes around the world. Here the central dispatcher (ISO, RTO, etc.) accumulates the demand from various buyers and satisfies that load with a least-cost purchase schedule, regardless of price, subject to all of the physical and reliability constraints imposed on the system. If buyers were also able to submit a schedule of bids that are related to price, does the same random relationship between line-flows and system load prevail? This experimental analysis demonstrates that letting the customers participate fully in the market re-establishes the predictability of line flows as a function of system load. In all of these experiments there are no restrictions on permissible offering behavior by suppliers (e.g. no price caps, prohibitions on withholding capacity or automated mitigation procedures). Two alternative forms of demand side participation are considered: 1) a demand response program (DRP) where customers are alerted to high prices in the subsequent period and are paid a pre-specified amount for each kWh less than their benchmark level of usage for that period, and 2) a real time pricing program (RTP) where customers are given forecasts of prices for each period over the subsequent day and they then pay the actual period-by-period market clearing price. As a benchmark, these experiments with six suppliers and seventeen buyers are also repeated where customers pay an average constant price in all periods (FP); although in all cases sellers receive the market-clearing price in each period. R-squares were greater, variances were smaller and the t-tests on regression coefficients were stronger on the relationship between line-flow and system load for RTP, as compared to the FP system that is commonly used in most electricity markets. DRP was usually somewhere in between. Not only does inducing active customer participation in the market through RTP lead to better system predictability, it also reduces price spikes and leads to greater overall economic efficiency in these markets. It is a winner on both economic and operational grounds.

In distributed query processing systems where caching infrastructure is distributed and scales with the number of servers, it is becoming more important to orchestrate and leverage a large number of cached objects in distributed caching systems seamlessly as the present trend is to build large scalable distributed systems by connecting small heterogeneous machines. With a large scale distributed caching system, a scheduling policy must consider both cache hit ratio and system load balance to optimize multiple queries. A scheduling policy that considers system load but not cache hit ratio often fails to reuse cached data by not assigning a query to the sever that has data objects the query needs. On the contrary, a scheduling policy that considers cache hit ratio but not system load balance may suffer from system load imbalance. To maximize the overall system throughput and to reduce query response time, a multiple query scheduling policy must balance system load and also leverage cached objects. In this paper, we present a distributed query processing framework that exhibits high cache hit ratio while achieving good system load balance. In order to seamlessly manage our distributed scalable caching system, our framework performs autonomic cached data migrations to improve cache hit ratio. Our experiments show that our proposed query scheduling policy and data migration policy significantly improve system throughput by achieving high cache hit ratio while avoiding system load imbalance.

PT. Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) Indonesia has a responsibility to provide and ensures the continuity of electricity on safety and reliability for all areas in Indonesia. An accurate electrical load forecasting is fundamental to deliver efficient energy scheduling management. This paper proposes a prominent technique called long-short term memory (LSTM) for short-term load forecasting. The load data for this research work is taken by each of 30 minutes in a day for each four weeks earlier in the past to predict the following week's load. To examine the efficacy of the proposed method, the Sulawesi and Java-Bali Sub System Load are utilized in this paper. The simulation result shows that the LSTM with 1-input has similar performance to ANN-PSO in MAPE value and slightly superior performance in RMSE at Java Bali Sub System Load. At Sulawesi Sub System Load, it is shown that LSTM with 1-input is superior to all performance parameters compared to 3-input LSTM, have a little lower performance to Java Bali prediction about 1.03% on MAPE value, but perform better performance up to 45.08 on RSME value. Although the performance of LSTM is different in each case, the simulation result shown the capability of LSTM as an additional reference in performing short-term load forecasting on the electricity system.

Admission control (AC) is one of the basic radio resource management (RRM) functions in a mobile radio access network (RAN). Via AC the RAN decides whether to accept or reject an incoming request for new radio resources. RAN bases its decision on the estimation of the system load value achieved if admitting the new request. This paper proposes an alternative admission control algorithm for UTRA-FDD system, where the downlink system load is estimated at a virtual observation point common to all the admitted users. This paper provides the theoretical formulation of the downlink system load at the selected virtual observation point and proposes an algorithm for its maintenance and update which can be easily handled in a real access network system level simulation results are finally provided to compare the estimated system load with the ideal system load in order to assess the accuracy of the proposed method.

Measurement of human muscular strength is one of basic requirements in human motion science. In many previous researches, human torque patterns are measured as a function of joint angle position or a function of joint angle velocity, not both of them. However, the human torque characteristics should be represented by joint angle position and joint angle velocity for measurement of dynamic muscular strength characteristics. For this purpose, isokinetic loading systems have been used so far. In this paper, we point out that isoviscous loading systems are more effective than isokinetic loading systems in order to obtain the torque/joint angle velocity/joint angle position data. To realize the isoviscous loading systems, we utilize a direct drive motor and impedance control. The impedance control generates isoviscosity by reducing inertia effect and elastic effect. The performance of the loading system with isoviscosity is demonstrated through experimental results at first. Next, in the obtained torque/joint angle velocity/joint angle position data, repeatability on the same subject is confirmed and similarity on the shape of the surface in the three dimensional data space (torque/velocity/position) is investigated.

A reasonable and efficient loading scheme is needed to guarantee the success of large-scale bridge tests. In this study, an array-type, self-balancing pulley-group loading system was designed based on the world’s largest spanning arch bridge using a 1:10 scale model test. Automatic statistics of the required load at each loading point were realized using ANSYS, and a load optimization algorithm for loading points at different construction stages was proposed. Tests were carried out separately for the loading system using a single set of pulley groups and an array-type pulley group. Finite element models of the model bridge and the original bridge were established separately using ANSYS, and the stress results of different components during different construction stages of the main arch ring were compared. The research results show the following: (1) The load magnification factor of the single-pulley-group loading device is approximately 6.6 times, with a mechanical efficiency of 94.26%. (2) In the array-type loading system, the actual load at each loading point can reach the design value. The self-balancing characteristic of this system can eliminate the impact of vertical deformation of the structure on loading accuracy, verifying the reliability of the system. (3) The simulation results of the original bridge and the model bridge coincide well, and the stress of each component during the construction process has the same trend. At key construction stages, the maximum relative errors of the stress results of the rigid steel frame and the concrete inside the pipe of the two bridges are 8.33% and 9.34%, respectively, and the maximum absolute error of the bottom plate concrete is 0.66 MPa, verifying the correctness of the counterweight-optimization method. The loading scheme proposed in this paper can provide a reference for the design of loading systems with the same type of scale model test.

Purpose – This study aims to analyze and assess the relation of freight transportation for regional development in the north zone of Aceh. The impact of freight transportation to accelerate the delivery of goods as observed through several indicators including regulation, retribution, freight entrepreneur, trucker, size of truck bin, punctuality, loading and unloading systems on regional planning supporting has been focus of this study. Design/Methodology/Approach – The freight transportation in north zone of Aceh, covering Lhokseumawe, Aceh Utara, Bireuen, BenerMeriah and Aceh Tengah regencies will be examined. In several indicators including regulation, retribution, freight entrepreneur, trucker, size of truck bin, punctuality, loading and unloading systems the freight transportation will be surveyed for the analysis. The factors which contribute in the development of the area through freight transportation are the economic growth, human resources improvement, management of land use and environmental harmonization. This regional development approach aims to determine a connection between the two variables. Findings – The results of the study show that variables of freight transportation in several indicators including regulation, retribution, freight entrepreneur, trucker, size of truck bin, punctuality, loading and unloading systems have a significant impact on regional development. It is indicated by the value of 0.214 in the regression weight result. Research Limitations/Implications – This research has implications on the relation of freight transportation with regard to several indicators including regulation, retribution, freight entrepreneur, trucker, size of truck bin, punctuality, loading and unloading systems on the regional development based on the aspect of economic growth, human resources improvement, management of land use and environmental harmonization. Practical Implications – The result of this study will be an important input to the Aceh government, county and city governments in the north zone in Aceh to encourage the establishment of a road network to accelerate freight transportation in that region for the development of new economic zones. Originality/Value – This study suggests that freight transportation has the strongest links to significantly influence the activities of regional development, so it can be recommended for the Aceh government, county and city governments in the north zone of Aceh to orient road network policy towards the development of the new economic area and support the implementation of the special economic zones of Arun, Lhokseumawe.

This paper analyzed the status of loading and unloading system in tobacco logistics industry and putted forward the solution of loading and unloading system compatible with multiple materials it also introduced the planning of this system and working principles of basic modules, cache modules, adaptation modules, packing modules and electrical control system. The loading and unloading system can change the configuration in order to complete the seamless connection with on-site logistics system according to different working conditions which improving the efficiency of loading and unloading vehicle and reducing the manual intervention.

In order to extend the service life of the long-chain gear transmission system of a drum shearer, an electro-mechanical coupling model of a drum shearer cutting unit is established. The model considers the dynamic characteristics of the motor, time-varying meshing stiffness, as well as the drum load characteristics. Additionally, the dynamic characteristics and control strategy for suppressing the dynamic load of the gear transmission system under impact load are investigated based on this model. Firstly, the influence of the gear transmission system of the drum shearer cutting unit under impact load is analyzed. Then, on that basis, the active control strategy based on motor torque compensation is proposed to suppress the dynamic load of the gear transmission system caused by mutational external load. Finally, the suppression effect on the dynamic load of the gear transmission system is analyzed. Research results indicate that this control strategy has good control effects to suppress the dynamic load caused by a mutational external load, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

In order to reduce environmental pollution, the load of power generation system has become an important basis for the balance of power supply and demand. Therefore, an intelligent load control method for multi energy complementary power generation system is proposed. Firstly, the intelligent control scheme of multi energy complementary power generation system is formulated, the circuit principle of the control method is determined, and the frequency control parameters of power grid, frequency regulation of generator set and control mode of generator set are controlled. The experimental results show that the load intelligent control method of the multi energy complementary generation system can effectively control the load of the power generation system, and the multi energy complementary generation can smooth the randomness of single energy, the intermittent fluctuation of energy and the control effect of energy storage, and reduce the impact on the power grid, which is very suitable for distributed grid connected operation.KeywordsMulti-energyComplementarityPower generationControl