Events

Millions of users share their experiences, thoughts, and interests online, through social media sites (e.g., Twitter, Flickr, YouTube). As a result, these sites host a substantial number of user-contributed documents (e.g., textual messages, photographs, videos) for a wide variety of events (e.g., concerts, political demonstrations, earthquakes). In this dissertation, we present techniques for leveraging the wealth of available social media documents to identify and characterize events of different types and scale. By automatically identifying and characterizing events and their associated user-contributed social media documents, we can ultimately offer substantial improvements in browsing and search quality for event content. To understand the types of events that exist in social media, we first characterize a large set of events using their associated social media documents. Specifically, we develop a taxonomy of events in social media, identify important dimensions along which they can be categorized, and determine the key distinguishing features that can be derived from their associated documents. We quantitatively examine the computed features for different categories of events, and establish that significant differences can be detected across categories. Importantly, we observe differences between events and other non-event content that exists in social media. We use these observations to inform our event identification techniques. To identify events in social media, we follow two possible scenarios. In one scenario, we do not have any information about the events that are re ected in the data. In this scenario, we use an online clustering framework to identify these unknown events and their associated social media documents. To distinguish between event and non-event content, we develop event classification techniques that rely on a rich family of aggregate cluster statistics, including temporal, social, topical, and platform-centric characteristics. In addition, to tailor the clustering framework to the social media domain, we develop similarity metric learning techniques for social media documents, exploiting the variety of document context features, both textual and non-textual. In our alternative event identification scenario, the events of interest are known, through user-contributed event aggregation platforms (e.g., Last.fm events, EventBrite, Facebook events). In this scenario, we can identify social media documents for the known events by exploiting known event features, such as the event title, venue, and time. While this event information is generally helpful and easy to collect, it is often noisy and ambiguous. To address this challenge, we develop query formulation strategies for retrieving event content on different social media sites. Specifically, we propose a two-step query formulation approach, with a first step that uses highly specific queries aimed at achieving high-precision results, and a second step that builds on these high-precision results, using term extraction and frequency analysis, with the goal of improving recall. Importantly, we demonstrate how event-related documents from one social media site can be used to enhance the identification of documents for the event on another social media site, thus contributing to the diversity of information that we identify. The number of social media documents that our techniques identify for each event is potentially large. To avoid overwhelming users with unmanageable volumes of event information, we design techniques for selecting a subset of documents from the total number of documents that we identify for each event. Specifically, we aim to select high-quality, relevant documents that re ect useful event information. For this content selection task, we experiment with several centrality-based techniques that consider the similarity of each event-related document to the central theme of its associated event and to other social media documents that correspond to the same event. We then evaluate both the relative and overall user satisfaction with the selected social media documents for each event. The existing tools to find and organize social media event content are extremely limited. This dissertation presents robust ways to organize and filter this noisy but powerful event information. With our event identification, characterization, and content selection techniques, we provide new opportunities for exploring and interacting with a diverse set of social media documents that re ect timely and revealing event content. Overall, the work presented in this dissertation provides an essential methodology for organizing social media documents that re ect event information, towards improved browsing and search for social media event data.

Modelling life trajectories and mode choice using Bayesian belief networks

Probing life scripts for important life events in a multi-ethnic society

The European Union Reference Laboratory for Genetically Modified Food and Feed (EU-RL GMFF), accredited under ISO/IEC 17043, organised a comparative testing (CT) round for National Reference Laboratories (NRLs) nominated under Regulation (EC) No 882/2004, with voluntary participation of other official control laboratories.\nThe test items consisted of rice noodles and commercial soybeans spiked with ground powder of soybean event DP-356043-5 in two different concentrations (Level 1 and 2). Participants were required to perform species identification and test for the presence of any GM event in the two test items. Any event detected then had to be quantified. Participants could report the results in mass/mass % or copy/copy % and the EU-RL GMFF calculated the robust means (R) for Level 1 and 2 test items accordingly. The target standard deviation for CT was fixed by the Advisory Board for Comparative Testing at 0.2 for the event, based on the experience of previous CT rounds. The robust means and target standard deviation were used to derive z-scores for the participants’ results. \nEighty-eight laboratories from 42 countries registered for this CT round, of which 85 laboratories from 41 countries returned at least qualitative test results. \nWhen performing species identification, almost all laboratories correctly identified soybean and rice in both test items, and a few laboratories also detected maize and/or oilseed rape. In total 71 laboratories reported the presence of GM material in the test items, but 14 laboratories failed in this task. All of the 71 laboratories, except eight, correctly identified soybean event DP-356043-5 in the test items.\nResults of the quantitative evaluation of the GM content were satisfactory for both measurement units, with only two NRLs appointed under Regulation (EC) No 1981/2006 (one measuring in m/m % and one in cp/cp %) obtaining unsatisfactory z-scores (|z| ≥ 2.0) for both test items. \nDespite the overall satisfactory outcome of this CT round, only 58 % of participants provided information on measurement uncertainty in a complete and consistent manner, and further improvement in this crucial area is needed.

Natural and Anthropogenic Drivers of Water Quality in the Normanby Basin and Princess Charlotte Bay, Cape York Peninsula, Australia

With the broader dissemination of digital technologies, visionary concepts like the Internet of Things also affect an increasing number of use cases with interfaces to humans, e.g. manufacturing environments with technical operators monitoring the processes. This leads to additional challenges, as besides the technical issues also human aspects have to be considered for a successful implementation of strategic initiatives like Industrie 4.0. From a technical perspective, complex event processing has proven itself in practice to be capable of integrating and analyzing huge amounts of heterogeneous data and establishing a basic level of situation awareness by detecting situations of interests. Whereas this reactive nature of complex event processing systems may be sufficient for machine-to-machine use cases, the new characteristic of application fields with humans remaining in the control loop leads to an increasing action distance and delayed reactions. Taking human aspects into consideration leads to new requirements, with transparency and comprehensibility of the processing of events being the most important ones. Improving the comprehensibility of complex event processing and extending its capabilities towards an effective support of human operators allows tackling technical and non-technical challenges at the same time. The main contribution of this thesis answers the question of how to evolve state-of-the-art complex event processing from its reactive nature towards a transparent and holistic situation management system. The goal is to improve the interaction among systems and humans in use cases with interfaces between both worlds. Realizing a holistic situation management requires three missing capabilities to be introduced by the contributions of this thesis: First, based on the achieved transparency, the retrospective analysis of situations is enabled by collecting information related to a situation's occurrence and development. Therefore, CEP engine-specific situation descriptions are transformed into a common model, allowing the automatic decomposition of the underlying patterns to derive partial patterns describing the intermediate states of processing. Second, by introducing the psychological model of situation awareness into complex event processing, human aspects of information processing are taken into consideration and introduced into the complex event processing paradigm. Based on this model, an extended situation life-cycle and transition method are derived. The introduced concepts and methods allow the implementation of the controlling function of situation management and enable the effective acquisition and maintenance of situation awareness for human operators to purposefully direct their attention towards upcoming situations. Finally, completing the set of capabilities for situation management, an approach is presented to support the generation and integration of prediction models for predictive situation management. Therefore, methods are introduced to automatically label and extract relevant data for the generation of prediction models and to enable the embedding of the resulting models for an automatic evaluation and execution. The contributions are introduced, applied and evaluated along a scenario from the manufacturing domain.

The aims of this work were: 1) to determine the correlation between the Anaerobic Threshold (AT) and the performance on the triathlon of Half lronman; 2) to describe and to compare the Heart Rate (HR) and the correspondent speed at AT in swimming. cycling and running. with the HR and the speed of these events during the triathlon; 3) to describe the behavior of the lactate (LAC) and glucemia (GLU) during the events. Six males triathletes between the ages of 18 to 24 participated in this study. AT was defined as the speed corresponding to a lactate concentration of 4 mM and was determined by measuring plasma lactate concentration after each bout of swimming (3x200 m progressive), cycling (3x2400 m progressive) and running (3x1200 m progressive) tests. The speed at 4 mM lactate concentration was calculated by linear interpolation. The data were obtained during a Half Ironman (1.9 km swimming, 90 km cycling and 21 km running) competition. HR, LAC and GLU were determinated during the transition of the events and the end of the competition. HR was also determinated in three others points of control in the cycling and running course. Swimming and cycli1'!g AT were significantly correlated with the competition speed in these events (r = 0.92 and r = 0.92, respectively). However, the same did not occur in the running (r = 0.63). The swimming event speed (64.8 m/min) was not different from the speed at AT (65.5 m/min). On the other hand. the speed of cycling (538.0 m/min) and running (201.0 m/min) were significantly lower than the speed at AT (639.0 and 264.0 m/min respectively). The HR at swimming was higher (p > 0.05) than HR of AT. At running, only HR in the last two parts of the event, was significantly lower than HR of AT. During cycling , there were not significant differences between HR of the event and HR of AT. as well as HR among the four parts of the competition. The concentration of LAC in swimming was higher than cycling and running, but in these last two events there were no differences. GLU was lower just after the running, when compared to the figure obtained after swimming. These results suggest that: 1) AT is able to predict the performance of swimming and cycling during the triathlon competition of Half Ironman, but the same does not occur at running; 2) The use of HR to control the competition intensity. mainly during cycling and running, might present limitations.

The development of the business in this world it’s so fast, in the field of trade and manufacturing. Trading businesses carry out their activitiesby buying products and selling them back to consumers. Every business that is estabilshed is motivated by various factors, which is the deman or interest of the communtiy towards the products produced by a business to fulfill their needs. Each company needs to know the Break Event point level of each company, including companies engaged in the chicken husbandry sector that produce laying hens like UD. Kakaskasen Indah. Break Even Point is a condition in which the company operations doesn’t mae a profit and also doesn’t have suffer losses. The purpose of this study is (1) to knowing the cost elements calculated in the Break Event point component . (2) to know the number of Break Event points in units and Rupiah at UD. Kakaskasen Indah in 2017. (3) to knowing the size of Margin Safety in 2017 so that UD. Kakaskasen Indah does not suffer losses. The results of this study also show that management of this company can find out the level of Break Event Points. The Break Event point level shows minimun sales laying hens that must be achived by UD. Kakaskasen Indah so as not to suffer losses. The method used in this study is descriptive research. The data sought in this study is a report on egg production costs which will be used to dtermine Break Event point. The resilts of this study is cost obtained is very important, researchers also find the amount of profits that will later be obtained by the company, thi is determained by how much the costs incurred or recived by the company. Based on Break Event points calculation in 2017, UD. Kakaskasen Indah achived a Break Event point on egg sales of Rp. 9.949.539,134 or 254.767,98 units. With Safety od Margin 52,82% so the company does not to suffer losses. Keywords:Break Even Point, Cost, Sales, Profit

Smartphone is chosen as a tool to implement information system of solo culture event due to observation in Solo city that shows that smartphone is owned by all people good from among children up to parents. Information Systems Solo Based Android Culture Event to provide information about events or events for the people of Solo city and tourists outside the city of Solo and as a medium of cultural promotion both national and international scale. Information Systems Solo Based Android Culture Event, built using descriptive method with the type of case study research in the city of Surakarta. Techniques of system weakness analysis using PIECES analysis (Perfomance, Information, Economy, Cotrol, Efficiency, and Service). For system development techniques using waterfall method, while to describe the data flow using Data Flow Diagram consisting of context diagram, Data Flow Diagram level 0 and Data Flow Diagram Level 1. Software used to build this system is Android Studiodan XAMPP as MySQL database connection . Based on testing that has been done using blackbox testing, the built system can help the problems faced Solo tourism office and Solo city tourists. Keywords: Cultural Event, Event Information System Android Based Culture, Android Studio, XAMPP

Error handling in multimodal voice-enabled interfaces of tour-guide robots using graphical models

Ad hoc wireless networks have emerged as a solution to providing ubiquitous, on-demand connectivity without the need for significant infrastructure deployment. In this thesis we address the privacy problems in two types of emerging wireless ad hoc networks, namely sensor and vehicular networks. Although the content of sensor messages describing “events of interest” may be encrypted to provide confidentiality, the context surrounding these events may also be sensitive and therefore should be protected from eavesdroppers. The source-location privacy problem occurs in sensor networks when adversaries use RF localization techniques to perform hop-by-hop traceback of messages to the source sensor’s location. Our work provides a formal model for this problem and examines the privacy characteristics of different sensor routing protocols. In order to provide efficient and private sensor communications, we devise new techniques to enhance source-location privacy that augment these routing protocols. Similarly, an adversary armed with knowledge of the network deployment, routing algorithms, and the data sink location can infer the temporal patterns and track the spatio-temporal evolution of a sensed event, by monitoring the packet arrivals at the sink. We introduce the temporal privacy problem for delay-tolerant sensor networks, provide an information theoretic formulation and propose adaptive buffering to obfuscate temporal information from the adversary. Sensor networks are also characterized by distinctive traffic patterns, wherein traffic mostly exists when events of interests occur. Due to the direct correlation between the type of event and size of data generated by it, an adversary observing a traffic burst can infer information about the type of event simply from the observed message size. We formulate this traffic privacy problem in terms of information entropy, present a quantifiable means to measure traffic privacy and propose solutions to enhance it. Vehicular ad hoc networks represent a promising new communication paradigm that can facilitate many new forms of automotive applications. We present a robust and efficient security and privacy framework, for such networks, that uses identity-based cryptography. We show that our framework provides authentication, confidentiality, non-repudiation and message-integrity. Further, it supports scalable, user-customizable privacy through short-lived, unforgeable, pseudonyms.

Further to the detection by the German authorities of the unauthorised flax CDC Triffid event FP967 (Unique Identifier CDC-FLOO1-2) in materials imported from Canada, a notification was sent through the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) in September 2009. On 21 August 2009, the Community Reference Laboratory for Genetically Modified Food and Feed received from the German authorities a construct-specific method for the detection of flax CDC Triffid event FP967, developed by Genetic ID, Augsburg (Germany). The method developer declared this method as specific for event FP967 as it targets a transition sequence spanning the nopaline synthase (nos) terminator gene and the spectinomycin/streptomycin resistance gene, construction being found only in the flax FP967 event. On 11 September 2009, the CRL-GMFF received from the German authorities the FP967 positive control in the form of DNA extracted from seeds. Seeds were provided to the German authorities by the University of California, Riverside, USA. The CRL-GMFF carried out experiments on the control sample received in order to verify the specificity and the Limit of Detection (LOD) of the construct-specific method. The CRL-GMFF observed that the NOST-Spec (nos terminator – spectinomycin resistance gene) construct- specific method generates a PCR amplification product of 105 bp, whose sequence is homologous to a transition sequence spanning the nopaline synthase (nos) terminator gene and the dihydrofolate reductase gene. The experimental testing of the specificity indicates that the NOST-Spec construct-specific assay does not detect genetically modified events under the conditions reported. The limit of detection (LOD) established is between 1 and 5 haploid genome copies of FP967. How to obtain EU publications Our priced publications are available from EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu), where you can place an order with the sales agent of your choice. The Publications Office has a worldwide network of sales agents. You can obtain their contact details by sending a fax to (352) 29 29-42758. The mission of the JRC is to provide customer-driven scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of EU policies. As a service of the European Commission, the JRC functions as a reference centre of science and technology for the Union. Close to the policy-making process, it serves the common interest of the Member States, while being independent of special interests, whether private or national. LB -N A -2454-EN -C

The JRC as Community Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed (CRL-GMFF), established by Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003, has carried out an in-house verification study to assess the performance of two quantitative event-specific methods on the maize event MON 88017 x MON 810 (unique identifier MON-88Ø17-3 x MON-ØØ810-6) which combines the MON 88017 and MON 810 transformation events. The two methods have been previously validated individually on single-trait event, to detect and quantify each event in maize samples; a validation report for each method is available at http://gmo-crl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/statusofdoss.htm. This study was conducted according to internationally accepted guidelines (1, 2). \nIn accordance to Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of 22 September 2003 on genetically modified food and feed and to Regulation (EC) No 641/2004 of 6 April 2004 on detailed rules for the implementation of Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003, Monsanto Europe S.A. provided the detection methods and the control samples: whole seeds of MON 88017 x MON 810 maize (TPX151-DT, GLP-0409-15526-S) and whole conventional maize seeds of EXP258 (GLP-0409-15528-S). The JRC prepared the in-house verification samples (calibration samples and blind samples at different GM percentages). \nThe results of the in-house verification study were evaluated with reference to ENGL method performance requirements (http://gmo-crl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/guidancedocs.htm) and to the validation results on the individual parental events (http://gmo-crl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/statusofdoss.htm).\nThe results of this CRL-GMFF in-house verification studies are made publicly available at http://gmo-crl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/.

Patient safety is a global imperative. It has extensive implications for all WHO Member States, for all health-care workers--and for all of us when we become patients. We already know that about 10% of people who receive health care in industrialized countries will suffer because of preventable harm and adverse events (1-5). By 2006 we expect to have a greater understanding of the nature and scale of the problem in developing countries and countries in economic transition. Early indications from a pilot study being carried out suggest that the figure will be significantly higher. Recent WHO data suggest that developing countries account for around 77% of all reported cases of counterfeit or substandard drugs (6). It is also reported that at least half of all medical equipment in many of these countries is unusable or only partly usable, resulting in an increased risk of harm to patients and health workers (7). Adverse events occur in all settings where health care is provided. Most of the current evidence comes from hospitals because risks associated with hospital treatment are higher but many such events occur in other health-care settings such as physicians' offices, nursing homes, pharmacies, community clinics and patients' homes. Every point in the process of caregiving contains an inherent lack of safety. Adverse events may therefore be the result of problems in practice, products, procedures or systems. Current conceptual thinking on the safety of patients places the prime responsibility for adverse events on deficiencies in system design, organization and operation rather than on individual practitioners or products. For those who work on systems, adverse events are shaped and provoked by "upstream" systemic factors, which include the particular organization's strategy, culture, working practices, approach to quality management, risk prevention and capacity for learning from failures. Countermeasures based on changes in the system are, therefore, more productive than those that target the behaviour of individuals and their propensity to commit errors. In 2002 WHO acknowledged that, to tackle patient safety internationally, a comprehensive, multifaceted approach involving cultural change, system development and technical expertise was necessary. The Fifty-fifth World Health Assembly called upon all Member States to take action in relation to patient safety (8), following which WHO established a number of work programmes tackling systemic issues such as taxonomy, estimating hazards and the development of reporting and learning systems. The Organization also brought together its technical experts dealing with the safety of blood, injections, vaccines, drugs and medicines, pregnancy procedures and medical devices so that their individual expertise could be harnessed to find global solutions. …

Heavy rainfall events often occurred in Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan. Palangka Raya Meteorological Station recorded the accumulation of rainfall on June, 4rd 2016 was recorded 296 mm, that exceeds BMKG’s threshold about intensity of extreme condition, it more than 50 mm/days. This extreme rainfall events will be respectively simulated by using 20 combination schemes parameterization between cumulus convective-microphysics-PBL. Regarding the various physics condition of the atmosphere in the tropical area, this study using Weather Research and Forecasting-Advanced Research WRF (WRF-ARW) model to determine the atmosphere condition during that extreme rainfall events. The analysis of this event using Global Forecast System (GFS) data from NCEP-NOAA with temporal resolution 3 hours. The verification of simulated rainfall showed that parameterization scheme of BMJ-Lin-MYJ has relatively good verification value to represent the extreme rainfall events. The result of verification based on value of hits and success ration in every single of schemes per each threshold. In addition to the output of the chosen scheme, it is known that the atmosphere condition above Palangka Raya area is wet enough that shown by the height of the air moistness in each layer and also there is convergence which supported the growth of convective clouds during the extreme rainfall events.