Evidential Recovery in a RFID Business System

In this paper, Commercial of the Shelf (COTS) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags are embedded into Kevlar fiber reinforced epoxy (KFRP). The purpose was to determine if the RFID tags would survive the manufacturing process for the KFRP and to determine the mechanical impact of the RFID tag on the KFRP’s structure. All materials were manufactured using a hand layup method and tested for electronic read distance and mechanical integrity. Subsets of the material were tested using compression testing to determine if the inclusion of the RFID tag caused a defect in the KFRP while other sets of the material were tested using a three point shear test to see how the inclusion of the RFID tag affected the interlaminar shear strength of the KFRP. The concluded results showed that the read distances were negatively affected by the Kevlar and that the compression and shear strengths of the material were also affected by the RFID tags.

Hospitals represent a significant part of healthcare systems and account for no less than 60% of the entire healthcare service in most of developed countries. Therefore, improving service in hospitals is an important element to the process of healthcare reform. Better use of resources, more consistent quality, and a higher service level are the keys to rationalise the huge expenditure in healthcare systems due to higher growth in demand. Even though massive spending has been directed towards hospital improvement in Ireland, services provided in Irish hospitals are ranked relatively low comparing to the other European countries. Growth of population, aging, European Union regulations, and demanding patients place more pressure on healthcare researchers to provide innovation solutions for Irish hospitals. In the last two decades, the use of technology had a significant impact on hospital performance in terms of responsiveness, quality, and management practices. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has been successfully implemented in a number of hospital systems in many developed countries. It is an emerging technology for applications such as managing and tracking patients, equipment, and drugs. Integrating RFID technology into hospital systems allows a dramatic enhancement in hospital efficiency and effectiveness measures to happen. This paper gives a comprehensive review on the up-to-date applications of RFID technology in hospital systems. It includes a classification of RFID applications at different areas of hospitals. Inclusive analysis of the impact of RFID implementation on the overall performance of the hospitals is presented. As new technology, this paper looks into the challenges and problems facing the management in employing the technology. Recommendations on potential impact of using RFID in Irish hospitals are discussed.

In the recent years Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) becomes a popular labeling and positioning system. One of the biggest fears of parents is, without a doubt, losing of their newborn babies. The current condition at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH) uses passive RFID in order to identify the baby and matching with parents. In this paper, we propose three dimensions (3D) position systems to improve the current condition in CGMH. 3D RFID positioning system in baby care is one kind of improvement of existing positioning system, which is development of mapping technique with 3D space coordinates (x, y, and z). The main reason to use 3D RFID positioning systems are to make baby more safety from inside factor (wrong identification by nurse) and outside factor (snatcher baby). In 3D RFID positioning system also can possibly to multi tracking and accurate adjustment so it helps nurses to identify each baby whether still lying down or drop to floor. We hope that that, our suggestion systems can improve security of the baby using advanced tracking babies.

Printed electronics provides a potential pathway toward the realization of ultra-low-cost radio frequency identification (RFID) tags for item-level tracking of consumer goods. Here, we report on our progress in developing materials and processes for the realization of printed transistors for low-cost RFID applications. Using inkjet printing of novel conductors, dielectrics, and organic semiconductors, we have realized printed transistors with mobilities >10/sup -1/cm/sup 2//V-s. AC performance of these devices is adequate for 135-kHz RFID, and, with further optimization, 13.56-MHz RFID appears to be within reach. We review the performance of these devices, and discuss optimization strategies for achieving the ultimate performance goals requisite for realizing ultra-low-cost printed RFID.

Radio frequency identification (RFID) systems are gaining more attention in new frontiers of applications due to their simplicity, low size factor and low cost of deployment. One of the emerging frontiers of applications of RFID is the healthcare system. In this paper, we propose a novel physical layer security technique (PLS) to secure radio frequency identification (RFID) tags used in healthcare systems. To achieve secure communications for RFID systems, directional modulation (DM) scheme is exploited at the reader side. The proposed system maintains the simple circuity and processing nature of passive tags. The results obtained demonstrate that DM techniques can achieve physical layer security for RFID systems.

Radio frequency identification (RFIDs) tag with printed antennas are lower in costs, but have lower performance than those with metal antennas. Printed antennas can replace metal ones if the performance is increased without raising cost. The performance of printed antennas can be increased if the series resistance in the antennas is lowered. The resistance is dependent on the line thickness and the resistivity of the conductive ink. Printed antennas with different line thicknesses were fabricated to investigate the effect of compaction and thickness on the resistance. The resistance of the printed antenna coils was decreased by more than 40% after compaction, while the inductance and the parasitic capacitance were unchanged. RFIDs with compacted printed antennas were found to have significantly increased the read range. RFIDs with thick printed antennas were fabricated and tested. These RFIDs were shown to have read ranges comparable to the RFIDs with copper wire antennas. Moreover, a geometry-independent plateau for the read range was found. The presence of a plateau is valuable for thick-line printed antenna design since the plateau will enable the usage of lower precision high volume printing techniques to lower tag fabrication cost.

Radio frequency identification (RFID) applications are emerging as key components in object tracking and supply chain management systems. In next future almost every major retailer will use RFID systems to track the shipment of products from suppliers to warehouses. Due to RFID readings features this will result in a huge amount of information generated by such systems when costs will be at a level such that each individual item could be tagged thus leaving a trail of data as it moves through different locations. We define a technique for efficiently detecting anomalous data in order to prevent problems related to inefficient shipment or fraudulent actions. Since items usually move together in large groups through distribution centers and only in stores do they move in smaller groups we exploit such a feature in order to design our technique. The preliminary experiments show the effectiveness of our approach.

In this study, we consider the operation of radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antennas in metallic environments. Phased array is built using 2 RFID reader antennas for electronic beam steering and improving overall read range of the RFID antenna tags. The performance of RFID tag antenna is known to degrade in metallic environments. RFID tag antenna with ground plane is designed to improve the performance in harsh metallic environments. In this study, we use double slit antennas with ground plane for tags radiating in challenging metallic environments to achieve a 30 feet read range.

The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tagging technology is being implemented by many businesses for production efficiency, logistics planning, supply-chain management, and other business related operations. However, there have been several implementation and control issues with the pervasiveness of this technology. This paper analyzes the security and privacy issues with the use of RFID in the commercial industry. It proceeds to assess the challenges with industry standardization among the RFID manufacturers at both the national and international borders. The Wal-Mart company is then used as a case study to assess its strategic use of RFID technology and its advantageously competitive positioning in light of its RFID technological renovation.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an increasingly widespread and applied technology of automatic identification. Its advantage is non-contact data reading, and it can easily realize automatic data acquisition (identification). In current business of costume industry, identification of costume has features such as large amount of information, multifarious contents and so on; meanwhile manual method of data-inputting has a lot of shortcomings such as slow speed, low efficiency, high error rate, and poor interaction with customers. In order to meet the demand of large scale production and precise sales in modern enterprise, this thesis proposes the Costume Business System based on RFID. The system stores basic information in the RFID tag, so as to realize the information management and exhibition in WEB environment. This thesis analyzes the research background and significance of Costume Business System based on RFID, and then introduces RFID Middleware's concept, characteristics and the process of its secondary development. In the view of actual development process in software engineering through the analysis of business in costume industry, this thesis completes the division of system function module, system architecture and the design of application process.

In this paper, we describe the specific absorption rates for RF propagation in muscle tissues and present an evaluative study for radiation reflected by a passive UHF radio frequency identification (RFID) tag. A derivation of UHF RFID tag backscatter theory is presented. This theory is merged with the biological effects of RF propagation in muscle tissues to form a general theory. This general theory is then used to analyze the workings of a passive tag operating on human muscle tissues. Enhanced theoretical as well as analytical evaluations are performed to exemplify the field penetration due to the skin effect and the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in human muscle tissues. It is shown that the SAR in muscle tissues for a passive UHF RFID tag in the near-field, is less than two orders of magnitude than the FCC limitation for safe RF exposure on tissues.

Additive deposition of inks with metallic inclusions provides compelling means to embed electronics into versatile structures. The need to integrate electronics into environmentally friendly components and structures increases dramatically together with the increasing popularity of the Internet of Things. We demonstrate a novel brush-painting method for depositing copper oxide and silver inks directly on wood and cardboard substrates and discuss the optimization of the photonic sintering process parameters for both materials. The optimized parameters were utilized to manufacture passive ultra high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antennas. The results from wireless testing show that the RFID tags based on the copper oxide and silver ink antennas on wood substrate are readable from ranges of 8.5 and 11 meters, respectively, and on cardboard substrate from read ranges of 8.5 and 12 meters, respectively. These results are well sufficient for many future wireless applications requiring remote identification with RFID.

This paper describes the development of four different ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna using polycarbonate material or transparent paper as the substrate and aluminum tape as the radiating element. The main advantage of the method is that the materials are easy to obtain where it can be found in any hardware stores or in any general online shop. Plus, the antennas are designed in such a way that a meander line is traced along the shape of a bowtie antenna so that the antenna would operate at UHF band. The results of all four of the tag antenna designs are discussed and compared using graph obtained from Computer Simulation Technology (CST) simulation results and measurement results obtained from a portable Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) for the reflection coefficient, S 11 , and measurement results taken from VNA in chamber room for the radiation pattern. Finally, the results show that the measured results are in agreement with the simulated result and that the UHF RFID tag antennas are able to operate at UHF RFID band.

This paper introduces an important innovation in the use, form factor and performance of passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags. An EPC Class 1 Gen 2 passive RFID tag is conceived in the form of a slenderly yarn. The wide-band and high gain tag antenna design is based on a resourceful impedance matching technique that keeps the slenderly form factor. In addition, a method to assure a reliable antenna-chip electrical contact based on modifying the package of existing RFID chips is presented. Antenna and chip geometry allow the tags to be cascaded in series and to compose a continuous yarn. A slenderly tag presents a diameter of less than 600 µm and reaches 14 m read range from 800 MHz to 920 MHz. Results are validated by theoretical studies, simulations and experimentations. The produced yam can follow different finishing process such as plastic coating to easily conform complex surfaces or textile wrapping and being used as primary raw in fabrics. To the authors knowledge, none of the traditional RFID inlays exhibit similar performance and shape conformability.

Anti-collision protocols for radio frequency identification (RFID) tag reading processes are designed to reduce the frequency of collisions and to quickly identify all RFID tags during a tag reading collision process. In this paper, we propose a tree-based anti-collision algorithm using a bit change sensing unit (TABCS) based on the bi-slotted collision tracking tree algorithm (BSCTTA) algorithm. The proposed algorithm can identify bits returned from tags using a bit change sensing unit, even in the event of multiple collisions. The algorithm rapidly generates a unique prefix that identifies each tag and reduces the total number of bits. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the cost of tag identification compared with legacy algorithms, such as the query tree algorithm with a bit change sensing unit (QT-BCS) or BSCTTA. When the number of tags is 10000, the average number of tags identified per second in TABCS is improved by 4%, and TABCS requires 28% fewer steps to successfully identify one tag compared to BSCTTA.