Evolving Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance (ISR) for Air Force Cyber Defense

ChemInformVolume 19, Issue 33 Physical Organic Chemistry ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Structure and Interactions in 1-Methyl-3-ethylimidazolium Chloride-AlCl3 Molten Salts K. M. DIETER, K. M. DIETER Frank J. Seiler Res. Lab., US Air Force Acad., Colorado Springs, CO 80840-6528, USASearch for more papers by this authorC. J. JUN. DYMEK, C. J. JUN. DYMEK Frank J. Seiler Res. Lab., US Air Force Acad., Colorado Springs, CO 80840-6528, USASearch for more papers by this authorN. E. HEIMER, N. E. HEIMER Frank J. Seiler Res. Lab., US Air Force Acad., Colorado Springs, CO 80840-6528, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ. W. ROVANG, J. W. ROVANG Frank J. Seiler Res. Lab., US Air Force Acad., Colorado Springs, CO 80840-6528, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ. S. WILKES, J. S. WILKES Frank J. Seiler Res. Lab., US Air Force Acad., Colorado Springs, CO 80840-6528, USASearch for more papers by this author K. M. DIETER, K. M. DIETER Frank J. Seiler Res. Lab., US Air Force Acad., Colorado Springs, CO 80840-6528, USASearch for more papers by this authorC. J. JUN. DYMEK, C. J. JUN. DYMEK Frank J. Seiler Res. Lab., US Air Force Acad., Colorado Springs, CO 80840-6528, USASearch for more papers by this authorN. E. HEIMER, N. E. HEIMER Frank J. Seiler Res. Lab., US Air Force Acad., Colorado Springs, CO 80840-6528, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ. W. ROVANG, J. W. ROVANG Frank J. Seiler Res. Lab., US Air Force Acad., Colorado Springs, CO 80840-6528, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ. S. WILKES, J. S. WILKES Frank J. Seiler Res. Lab., US Air Force Acad., Colorado Springs, CO 80840-6528, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: August 16, 1988 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198833051Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume19, Issue33August 16, 1988 RelatedInformation

To date, the vast majority of developmental programs have had to be satisfied with assessing students’ learning within the confines of their programs. Although there were opportunities for indirect assessments, with graduate surveys or surveys of supervisors/employers, response rates tended to be low. Even when responses were received, they often came from people with little expertise in learning, making it difficult for educators to translate the feedback into actionable program improvements. The United States (US) Air Force has, however, decided to attempt what other learning institutions have not – arguably cannot. It is attempting to leverage its competency-based approach to performance assessment to enhance program evaluation. Because of the closed nature of this learning environment, where students graduate from US Air Force programs and go on to work in US Air Force jobs, there is a unique opportunity to assess learning as it is actually being applied in the workplace. Leveraging a competency-based force-development paradigm, the US Air Force has constructed a “foundational competencies” model for common knowledge, skills and abilities, complemented by occupational competencies specific to individual jobs, positions and specialties. These competencies are mapped to performance descriptions that determine levels of mastery. These performance descriptions are, in turn, mapped to rubrics that guide performance evaluations. Shortcomings in performance can be identified, quantified, and fed back to the developmental program for potential program modification or, for special updates to the force, to ensure Airmen perform their duties properly and achieve desired levels of mastery. This approach has been approved but is not yet fully implemented. The new Foundational Competencies Model has been developed and validated through a criterion-sampling methodology. In addition, many technical careers have created “occupational competencies” models delineated the specific knowledge, skills and abilities specific to their jobs. The full range of supporting assessment mechanisms, however, are still in the process of being designed and dispatched to facilitate ease of use and centralize data-gathering. This article overviews the US Air Force’s approach and its progress to date.

: The United States Air Force Graduate Student Research Program (USAF- GSRP) is conducted under the United States Air Force Summer Faculty Research Program. This is accomplished by the students being selected on a nationally advertised competitive basis for a ten-week assignment during the summer intersession period to perform research at Air Force laboratories/centers. Each assignment is in a subject area and at an Air Force facility mutually agreed upon by the students and the Air Force. In addition to compensation, travel and cost of living allowances are also paid. The USAF-GSRP is sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Systems Command, United States Air force, and is conducted by Universal Energy Systems, Inc. The specific objectives of the 1988 USAF-GSRP are: (1) To provide a productive means for the graduate students to participate in research at the Air Force Laboratories/ Centers; (2) To stimulate continuing professional association among the Graduate Students and their professional peers in the Air Force; (3) To further the research objectives of the United States Air Force; (4) To enhance the research productivity and capabilities of the graduate students especially as these relate to Air Force technical interests.

: The US Air Force is the world's preeminent air, space, and cyberspace force. Its mission is to fly, fight, and win, and it does this better than any other air force in the world. Since the inception of airpower, airmen have struggled with the dilemma of how to protect their capability to fly, fight, and win when their aircraft are removed from their natural environment of the air and returned to the ground, where they become vulnerable like any bird of prey. Air Force basic doctrine states, Air and space power is most vulnerable on the ground. Thus, force protection is an integral part of air and space power employment. While the USAF recognizes the threat, base defense- defending one s air assets on the ground- is one of the least understood operational aspects of airpower. The current Air Force strategy for defending air bases is integrated defense (ID)- formerly known as air base defense or air base ground defense. This study looks at the period between September 2008 and June 2010 when the Air Force took on the base operating support integration (BOS-I) mission at Joint Base Balad (JBB). Operation Desert Safeside saw a scope of operations not seen by a single USAF security forces unit since the Vietnam War. During this period over 900 Air Force security forces personnel were deployed in one unit, charged with the defense of JBB. These men and women focused on ground combat operations outside the wire (OTW), while simultaneously synchronizing air and ground forces into the Army s counterinsurgency and stability campaign. This study examines the first full implementation of ID in a combat environment to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy in actual operations, learn from that experience, and provide considerations for future operations.

United States Air Force survey of dental needs, 1977: methodology and summary of findings

We evaluated the effectiveness of the US Air Force Suicide Prevention Program (AFSPP) in reducing suicide, and we measured the extent to which air force installations implemented the program. We determined the AFSPP's impact on suicide rates in the air force by applying an intervention regression model to data from 1981 through 2008, providing 16 years of data before the program's 1997 launch and 11 years of data after launch. Also, we measured implementation of program components at 2 points in time: during a 2004 increase in suicide rates, and 2 years afterward. Suicide rates in the air force were significantly lower after the AFSPP was launched than before, except during 2004. We also determined that the program was being implemented less rigorously in 2004. The AFSPP effectively prevented suicides in the US Air Force. The long-term effectiveness of this program depends upon extensive implementation and effective monitoring of implementation. Suicides can be reduced through a multilayered, overlapping approach that encompasses key prevention domains and tracks implementation of program activities.

With the growth of information and communication technology (ICT) such as the internet, email, and video conferencing, the United States Air Force has become more efficient and productive in conducting its daily business. However, not only do computer technologies increase daily productivity rates among the employees; they also increase the Air Force’s capability to digest larger amounts of information while supporting an end goal of being able to share that information across the entire organization. Perhaps one of the most popular methods by which to share such large amounts of organizational information is through informal learning environments such as communities of practice. The Air Force has no doubt embraced the concept of communities of practice. However, as popular as these “communities” are among many employees, there is still a majority of Air Force employees who choose not to use them. The purpose of this chapter is to provide practical ways in which the United States Air Force can increase participation in Virtual Communities of Practice (VCoPs) among its workforce, as well as providing theoretical frameworks upon which further research can be conducted. Finally, this chapter will propose a set of testable propositions that may serve as the basis for future research.

: The United States Air Force Graduate Student Summer Support Program (USAF-GSSSP) is conducted under the United States Air Force Summer Faculty Research Program. The program provides funds for selected graduate students to work at an appropriate Air Force Facility with a supervising professor who holds a concurrent Summer Faculty Research Program appointment or with a supervising Air Force Engineer. The specific objectives of the 1985 USAF-GSSSP are: To provide a productive means for the graduate students to participate in research at the Air Force Weapons Laboratory; To stimulate continuing professional association among the Scholars and their professional peers in the Air Force; To further the research objectives of the United States Air Force; To enhance the research productivity. This two volume document is a compilation of the final reports written by the assigned students members about their summer research efforts.

: This publication is the first of a series titled The United States Air Force in Southeast Asia. It tells the story of the Air Force's involvement in the region from the end of the second World War until the major infusion of American troops into Vietnam in 1965. During these years, and most noticeably after 1961, the Air Force's principal role in Southeast Asia was to advise the Vietnamese Air Force in its struggle against insurgents seeking the collapse of the Saigon Government. This story includes some issues of universal applicability to the Air Force: the role of air power in an insurgency, the most effective way to advise a foreign ally, and how to coordinate with other American agencies (both military and civilian) which are doing the same thing. It also deals iwth issues unique to the Vietnamese conflict: how to coordinate a centralized, technological modern air force with a feudal, decentralized, indigenous one without overwhelming it, and how best to adapt fighter, reconnaissance, airlift, and liaison planes to a jungle environment. Additional volumes in this series will tell the story of the Air Force in South Vietnam, in Laos, and over North Vietnam until the cessation of the Air Force's direct role in 1973.

WHAT WITH delivering thousands of babies a year, caring for family members with physical and mental disabilities, rehabilitating adults with alcohol and/or drug abuse problems, counseling couples with marital woes, and dealing with the various ailments and injuries that can afflict a basically healthy young population, it's cause for wonder that peacetime personnel at the US Army and US Air Force medical centers in West Germany are able effectively to carry out the other half of their mission: being prepared to provide medical support in the event of war. Visits to the two centers under the Heidelberg-based Seventh Medical Command, Frankfurt Army Regional Medical Center (FARMC) and Landstuhl Army Regional Medical Center (LARMC), and to the Wiesbaden Air Force Regional Medical Center give some idea how they do it. The task is clearly immense. All three are responsible for primary and tertiary care in their own approximately 13 000 km

The objective of this research is to evaluate a new methodology, data envelopment analysis (DEA), as a tool for measuring and evaluating the operational efficiency of US Air Force organizations. This study involves the application of DEA to locate possible inefficiencies in the performance of US Air Force real-property maintenance activities. Dynamic behaviour, as exhibited via window analyses, is reviewed along with static counterparts. The testing was done in close coordination with Air Force officials, who reviewed the results for accuracy, validity and relevance. We conclude that this type of efficiency analysis does have value for the Air Force, where it can serve as a guide to auditors, budget programmers, managers and others in measuring, evaluating and enhancing operational efficiency.

Fitness tests for military personnel require primarily weight-bearing activity and are consequently disadvantageous to members with greater body mass. Recent research has developed correction factors for adjusting actual fitness scores in order to remove body mass bias. PURPOSE: To validate these published correction factors for use with US Air Force fitness test components. This study also developed regression models removing all bias due to body weight, body mass index (BMI), and abdominal circumference (AC) measurements. METHODS: Subjects consisted of 533 male and female US Air Force personnel (35.6 ± 6.9 yrs) who completed all 4 components of the Air Force fitness test, consisting of a 1.5 mile run, a one-minute push-up test, a one-minute crunch test, and AC measurements. Published correction factors were used to adjust each fitness test component for body mass. As an alternative to the correction factor method, multiple regression models were developed for each fitness component. The validity of the published correction factors as well as the regression models to remove bias based on body weight, BMI, and AC was determined using the PPM correlation coefficient. RESULTS: For the 1.5 mile run, the corrected run times were not significantly correlated with BMI or AC. However there was a small yet significant correlation between corrected 1.5 mile run times and body weight in both males (-.13) and females (-.14). In females, there was no significant correlation between the corrected push-up or crunch scores and any of the body mass measurements. In males, there were small yet significant correlations between corrected push-up scores and AC (-.15), and between corrected crunch scores and body weight (.17) and BMI (.12). The multiple regression models successfully removed all body mass bias from each fitness component. CONCLUSION: The published correction factors were effective for eliminating body mass bias in push-up and crunch scores in females; however, these correction factors appear to over-correct for 1.5 mile run times in both genders. These correction factors appear to be useful for assessing muscular endurance independent of body mass in US Air Force personnel. For the 1.5 mile run, the developed regression models in this study appear to be an effective alternative method for correction.

Risk factors for severe outcomes among members of the United States military hospitalized with pneumonia and influenza, 2000–2012

: The United States Air Force is committed to achieving diversity among all its personnel. Both the Secretary of the Air Force and the Air Force Chief of Staff have stated the desire to have the Air Force's senior leadership mirror the population it serves. The Hispanic population is the largest growing minority nationally, growing more than any other race or ethnic group from now until the year 2050. Additionally, this group is projected by 2020 to add more people to the United States annually than all other race or ethnic groups combined. Hispanic youth already make up the largest number of youth aged 18 and younger in the country. By 2050, one of every four persons will be Hispanic. This paper outlines the problem of severe under-representation of Hispanic officers, especially among senior leadership. Of all the Services, the Air Force has the least number of Hispanic officers. This paper lays out the under-representation of Hispanic officers in selections for Below the Promotion Zone promotions, service school attendance, pilot career fields, and senior level command positions. Various Service efforts are discussed and recommendations are offered in the areas of: recruiting, accessions, mentoring and development of Hispanic officers. This paper stresses the necessity to incorporate the largest minority into the Air Force officer ranks, especially into senior leadership positions.

: South Korea's Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) was visited on 28 June 94. The intent of the visit was to learn about basic and advanced research activities carried out at KAIST and make initial contacts with KAIST personnel for any future international collaborative research programs which are of mutual interest to both the US Air Force and KAIST. KAIST is Korea's premier technical institute for providing both the undergraduate and graduate degrees in science and engineering. Many faculty members have obtained their PhDs in the U.S. and they are more than willing to set up joint collaborative research programs with the US Air Force. p1