Evolvoid: a genetic algorithm for shaping optimal cellular constructs

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for mucopolysaccharidoses past, present, and future

Load balancing is the process of distributing tasks among different nodes in a network. The nodes may be either on different machines or nodes (virtual machines) on the same machine. Based on the availability of the nodes, processes from fully loaded node can be migrated from one node to another having less load known as process migration. Process migration can also be done in the virtualization environment by using a hypervisor called Xen hypervisor. This hypervisor safely multiplexes the hardware resources of the physical machine leading the resource allocation in the Virtual Machine (VM) to improve the utilization and performance. To optimize the task of balancing load among nodes, Genetic algorithm (GA) may be used for selecting the destination. GA is a search algorithm, based on natural genetics and principle of evolution and is been widely used in optimization with binary and continuous variables. With the adaptive crossover operation of GA and the searching heuristic and fitness function, lots of possible solutions are searched and the best one is selected as the destination for migration. GA is been proved to be effective in discovering the global optimum even in a very complex searching space.

Rice EL5 is an ATL family gene characterized by a transmembrane domain at the N-terminal and a RING-H2 finger domain (RFD), which exhibits ubiquitin ligase (E3) activity. To elucidate the physiological roles of EL5, we analyzed transgenic rice plants overexpressing mutant EL5 proteins that are impaired in E3 activity to various degrees. Plants expressing EL5C153A and EL5W165A, which encode an inactive E3, showed a rootless phenotype accompanied by cell death in root primordia, and those expressing EL5V162A, with moderately impaired E3 activity, formed short crown roots with necrotic lateral roots. The dominant-negative phenotype was specifically observed in root meristems where EL5 is expressed, and not recovered by exogenous auxin. When wild-type EL5 was transcriptionally overexpressed, the EL5 protein was barely detected by Western blotting. Neither treatment with a proteasome inhibitor nor mutation of the sole lysine residue, a potential target of ubiquitination, resulted in increased EL5 accumulation, whereas mutations in the RFD led to increased EL5 accumulation. The stabilized EL5 without the RFD was localized in the plasma membrane. Deletion of the transmembrane domain prevented the EL5 from localizing in the membrane and from exerting an inhibitory effect on root formation. Deletion of the C-terminal region also neutralized the negative effect. We concluded that EL5 plays a major role as a membrane-anchored E3 for the maintenance of cell viability after the initiation of root primordial formation. In addition, we propose that EL5 is an unstable protein, of which degradation is regulated by the RFD in a proteasome-independent manner.

Energy-efficient virtual machine placement in data centres via an accelerated Genetic Algorithm with improved fitness computation

The paper proposes a fast online learning method for neural network structures by using genetic algorithm (GA) and dynamic back propagation algorithm (BP) jointly. GA is used in the coarse tuning process which adjusts interconnection weights of the neural network. The dynamic back propagation algorithm is subsequently applied to achieve fine adjusting of the network weights. The fitness function, based on the squared error between the teaching signal and the network output value, is redefined at every time step and the proposed GA based algorithm solves a nonstationary function optimization task. At every time step the solution with the best fitness function is used for current representation of the neural network weights and biases. It is shown through the simulations and real time temperature control of drying oven that this learning algorithm has faster convergence ability and better performance on reducing mapping error in the online learning neural network structures. This leads to an improvement of the transient response of neuro adaptive systems. The proposed method has the potential to be applied to many practical areas such as system modeling and control, signal processing and pattern recognition.

Calu-3 cells grown under AIC and LCC conditions: Implications for dipeptide uptake and transepithelial transport of substances

Immunoheterogeneity is a potential hindrance to the maximum applicability of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in biotherapeutics and regenerative medicine. The primary causes of this heterogeneityare donor variation, diversity of tissue sources, and the culture conditionsunder which MSCs clonally propagate. Immunoheterogeneity could manifest as functional heterogeneity within these stem cells, affecting their ability to differentiate into adult tissue lineages. The impacted healthy human third molar tooth is a rich source of MSCs, which are isolatable both from the dental pulp and the dental follicle. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), though widely characterized for their multipotential lineage differentiation, demonstrate considerable immunoheterogeneity, which demands the enrichment of these stem cells post-isolation. The aim of this study is to enrich and understand the functional differences in sub-populations of MSCs towards a specific lineage. In this protocol, we have highlighted detailed, stepwise methods for sorting and culturing post-sort and optimized methods for quantifying the differentiation of sorted DPSCs towards the osteogenic lineage. Our workflow is designed with additional considerations for cell sorter availability, maintenance of cell viability during long-distance transport to a state-of-the-art facility, and optimization of post-sorting cell culture and downstream experiments. This protocol can be universally followed to understand functional differences within MSCs isolated from different tissue sources and their implications for multi-lineage differentiation. © 2025 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Assessing multiparametric expression of MSC surface markers and single cell sorting for enrichment of stem cells Support Protocol 1: Antibody panel design Support Protocol 2: MSC culture, preparation of cell suspension, and sample staining Support Protocol 3: Setting up controls Support Protocol 4: Analysis and data interpretation Basic Protocol 2: Quantitative and qualitative assessment of osteogenic differentiation of post-sorted DPSCs Support Protocol 5: Differentiation of MSCS (pre-sort and post-sort considerations) Support Protocol 6: Cytochemical staining and quantification Support Protocol 7: Immunofluorescence staining Support Protocol 8: RNA isolation and qPCR-based characterization.

Familial Alzheimer's disease presenilin 1 mutation M146V increases gamma secretase cutting of p75NTR in vitro

In order to gain information on the putative involvement of polyamines (PAs) in the response of rice cells to salinity, mature embryo-derived calli issued from the salt-sensitive cultivar I Kong Pao were exposed for 3 months to the simultaneous presence of NaCl (0, 150 and 300 mM) and exogenous polyamines (putrescine (Put): 1 and 10 mM; spermidine (Spd): 1 and 10 mM; spermine (Spm): 1 mM). Callus growth, endogenous PAs, Na+, K+ and Cl− concentrations were quantified and analysed in relation to cell viability based on 2,3,5-triphenytetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction. All exogenous PAs were efficiently absorbed from the external medium. Exogenous Put 1 mM clearly stimulated growth of salt-stressed calli in relation to a decrease in both Na+ and Cl− accumulation. In contrast, Spd 10 mM and Spm 1 mM exacerbated the deleterious impact of NaCl on callus growth and induced a decrease in K+ concentration. While Put helped in the maintenance of cell viability, Spd 10 mM and Spm 1 mM decreased cell viability, mainly in relation to an inhibition of the alternative respiratory pathway. It is proposed that Put may assume positive functions in salt stress resistance in rice.

Swelling and death of neuronal cells by lactic acid

An autoradiographic study of H 3-proline utilization by aging mouse skeletal tissues—II. Cartilage cell compartments

In this study industrial strains were inoculated, in successive cycles, at high cell density into a sugarcane-based juice containing normal (22%, w/v) and very high sucrose (30%, w/v) levels and supplemented with peptone as a nitrogen source. At 30 °C, in shaken cultures, in the normal gravity situation, efficient sucrose utilization occurred in both the supplemented and unsupplemented medium. At higher sugar concentrations, supplementation with peptone induced a more efficient fermentation compared with the unsupplemented medium, with higher biomass accumulation and maintenance of cell viability, and ethanol levels as high as 16% (v/v). Trehalose was also high during the cycles, probably as a necessary response of the yeast to the high stress fermentation conditions. This suggests that it is possible to increase ethanol production by using very-high-fermentation technology and that nutritional supplementation would have a positive effect on the fermentation, allowing for efficient sugar consumption and cell viability maintenance. Copyright © 2016 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) on the proliferation and viability of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Cells were irradiated or not (control) with an InGaAlP laser diode (660nm, 30mW, continuous action mode) using two different energy densities (0.5J/cm2-16s; 1.0J/cm2-33s). Irradiation was performed at 0 and 48h, with the laser probe fixed at a distance of 0.5cm from the cells. Cell proliferation was analyzed at 0, 24, 48, and 72h by the Trypan blue exclusion method and MTT assay. Cell cycle and Ki67 expression were analyzed by flow cytometry. Apoptosis-related events were evaluated by expression of annexin V/PI and nuclear morphological changes by staining with DAPI. Differences between groups at each time were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, adopting a level of significance of 5% (p<0.05). The results showed that an energy density of 1.0J/cm2 promoted an increase in cell proliferation at 48 and 72h compared to the control and 0.5J/cm2 groups. Cell cycle analysis revealed a predominance of cells in the S and G2/M phases in the irradiated groups. This finding was confirmed by the increased expression of Ki67. Low positive staining for annexin V and PI was observed in all groups, and no nuclear changes were detected, indicating that cell viability was not affected by the energy densities tested. It can be concluded that the LLLI parameters used (660nm, 30mW, 1.0J/cm2) promote the proliferation of SHEDs and the maintenance of cell viability.

Mitochondria have multiple roles in the development of ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Consumption of ATP by mitochondrial ATPase during ischaemia and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from complex III during ischaemia/reperfusion are detrimental to cardiomyocytes, whereas uptake of cytosolic Ca2+ into mitochondria attenuates cytosolic Ca2+ overload and thus activation of Ca2+-activated proteases such as calpain. However, the most important event in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes subjected to ischaemia/reperfusion is opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP).1 Although its molecular structure is still controversial, mPTP apparently consists of an adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) in the inner membrane, a carrier exchanging matrix ATP with ADP in the intermembrane space,2 and a voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) in the outer membrane of the mitochondria.3 The mPTP is closed under physiological conditions but opens in response to cellular stresses, leading to ATP depletion, increase in inorganic phosphate levels, ROS generation, and mitochondrial Ca2+ overload. Opening of mPTP upon reperfusion following ischaemia abolishes mitochondrial membrane potential and compromises ATP generation, which is crucial for restoration of ionic homeostasis and maintenance of cell viability.4 The threshold for opening of mPTP has been shown to be elevated by ischaemic pre- … *Corresponding author. Tel: +81 11 611 2111; fax: +81 11 644 7958. E-mail address : tannom{at}sapmed.ac.jp

Every year, people cause more and more harm to the environment as a result of their activities, so the search for new strains of pollutant destructors remains an urgent task. Microbial destructors are the inhabitants of various natural sources: soil, water, etc. We isolated four strains from soil (designated SL-1, 2, 3 and SL-4) and two from river sludge (designated IL-1 and IL-2). The isolation was carried out by the enrichment culture method on a mineral medium containing phenol at a concentration of 0.5 g/L as the sole source of energy and carbon. The pure cultures obtained were tested for their ability to grow on phenol at a concentration of 0.5–2 g/L. The studies showed that strain SL-4 was able to grow on phenol at concentrations of up to 2 g/L, while strains IL-1, SL-1, SL-2 and SL-3 were able to grow on phenol up to 1.5 g/L, and IL-1 was able to grow on phenol up to 0.5 g/L. The new isolates were further tested for their ability to degrade toluene (50 g/L), pinoxaden (50 g/L), a diesel + gasoline mixture, biphenyl and oil. The isolates showed growth on all the substrates used as sole carbon and an energy source, except for strains IL-1, IL-2, SL-1 and SL-3, which are incapable of toluene utilization. The strains were tested for their ability to grow at high salinity. Studies have shown that strain SL-4 is able to grow on a medium with up to 120 g/L of NaCl and the other isolates with up to 100 g/L. The studied strains were also tested for cell viability when growing at high concentrations of phenol and its chlorinated derivatives. The peculiarities of the physiology of isolates and the maintenance of cell viability in unfavorable conditions are important for their further use as a basis for biological products.