Experiences in developing multi-technology TMN systems

Power communication integrated network management system plays a significant role in the planning, design and maintenance of the whole power communication network. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the current power communication network and the corresponding integrated network management system, and improves the design of the existing power communication network integrated network management according to Sdn. This network management system can be used as a supplementary system for the current power system integrated network management function, realizes the global visualization of the power communication network, and provides a strong support for the operation and maintenance of the power communication network. The test running environment is built in the laboratory to realize the mapping of physical route and logical link. The preliminary verification test of the new network management system based on openflow technology is carried out, and the key design methods and ideas of the system are given.

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper, a MATLAB-Simulink based general co-simulation approach is presented which supports multi-resolution simulation of distributed models in an integrated architecture. This approach was applied to simulating aircraft thermal performance in our Vehicle Systems Model Integration (VSMI) framework. A representative advanced aircraft thermal management system consisting of an engine, engine fuel thermal management system, aircraft fuel thermal management system and a power and thermal management system was used to evaluate the advantages and tradeoffs in using a co-simulation approach to system integration modeling. For a system constituting of multiple interacting sub-systems, an integrated model architecture can rapidly, and cost effectively address technology insertions and system evaluations. Utilizing standalone sub-system models with table-based boundary conditions often fails to effectively capture dynamic subsystem interactions that occurs in an integrated system. Additionally, any control adjustments, model changes or technology insertions that are applied to any one of the connecting subsystems requires iterative updates to the boundary conditions. When evaluating a large set of trade studies, the number of boundary condition models and time to generate these models becomes intractable and affects capturing the results accurately. A single interconnected model of all the subsystems may be impractical and using additional external packages may be prohibitive in terms of cost or compatibility. This general approach requires no additional MATLAB toolboxes. Two different data interchange mechanisms are presented. A dynamic vehicle system integrated model was developed to enable customizability and flexibility. The developed co-simulation approach was combined with this flexible architecture to enable system evaluation. Example applications using the vehicle system model integrated architecture with the co-simulation approach are discussed.</div></div>

This paper discusses how a single integrated system architecture benefits plant operators, engineers, and managers. By taking a one plant, one system approach, end users of process and power automation systems can realize the benefits of an integrated system including increased energy efficiency, improved operator effectiveness, increased plant availability, reduced maintenance costs, and lower lifecycle costs. The architecture is based on Industrial Ethernet standards such as IEC 61850 and Profinet as well as fieldbus technologies. Emphasis is placed on connecting the substation automation system with the process control system via IEC 61850. The energy efficiency gains from integration are discussed in a power generation use case. In this use case energy efficiency is realized with integrated variable frequency drives, improved visibility into power consumption, and energy efficiency through faster plant start-up times. Substation visibility is becoming more critical in modern plants and facilities. IEC 61850 can be leveraged to provide substation visibility in a cost effective way. The substation standard as well as other open fieldbus standards can be used to create a plantwide asset management strategy. End user benefits are discussed for integrated electrical asset management. Condition based monitoring examples include Low Voltage (LV) motor starters via Profibus and Profinet while protective relays are integrated with IEC 61850. Benefits of integration help not just the process engineer but the power engineer as well. A discussion of Disturbance Recording (DR) integration is made. An integrated system allows for remote access to the DRs and automated analysis of the recordings. Faster analysis of plant disturbances means faster problem resolution and root cause analysis which equates to increased plant up-time. Several actual implementations of the one plant - one system architecture are discussed. The first case is capital expenditure (CAPEX) savings where cost avoidance is achieved in a substation wiring project. Next, a power management success story from a major oil and gas company, Petrobras, is discussed. In this case, Petrobras utilized integrated process and power automation to lower CAPEX, operational expenditure (OPEX), and explore future energy saving opportunities. In a third case, the one plant - one system approach allows E.ON, a Swedish power company, the ability to perform remote control of hydropower plants from its dispatch center in a cost-effective way. Lastly, a success story from Boliden's Aitek open pit Copper and Zinc mine is discussed. With integrated electrical, process, and maintenance systems, Boliden is able to operate and maintain the mining site from a single control room. Parts of this paper were originally published for the Power Gen International 2010 event as "Power up your plant: An intro to integrated process and power automation". Updates and additions have been made throughout the document.

System of systems (SoS) engineering ensures that subsystems successfully interoperate with one another via a physical network along with the designed interface specifications. The twofold challenge that motivated the authors is regarding the achievement of the interoperability for an SoS-based combat system as follows: 1) the validation of the interface specifications against the specified requirements at the system-design phase and 2) the verification of the subsystems against the interface specifications at the system-integration phase. To this end, an interoperability validation and verification toolset (IVVT) consisting of the following three components was developed: signal distributor, message collector, and message analyzer. The signal distributor captures the signal data in the middle of the existing communication interfaces, the message collector stores the signals in the form of distinguishable messages, and the message analyzer evaluates the messages by comparing the designed interface specifications that cover the communication syntax and semantics. For the experimentations, the developed IVVT was utilized for the combat systems of real submarines that have been domestically targeted for a renovation project. The objective of the experiments is the validation of the overall designed interface specifications before the development of the subsystems. The empirical results show that 12 fault cases were found in the specifications, some of which are extremely critical; therefore, a preferential validation of the specifications could prevent the incompatibilities between the subsystems during the combat system integration. In a future work, the authors will employ the IVVT for a verification of the developed subsystems to be integrated depending on the validity of the interface specifications.

When trying to find solutions in a problem domain it is a rational step to first explore the limits of the design space. If, during such an endeavor, an impossibility result is encountered, then the further search space can be selectively scoped for solutions to avoid dead-end avenues. With such a perspective, it is the objective of this contribution to outline and discuss the limits of the precise specification of component interfaces in component-based computing systems. Our interest lies in ascertaining limits covers issues of functional composition and verification. Equally importantly, we provide a rationale behind the causes of the limits and impossibility conditions. We define a component as a self-contained subsystem, including software and hardware that provides a specified service across identified interfaces to its users. Without loss of any generality, we assume that all interfaces are message based [1]. According to [2] it is reasonable to distinguish between the following interface types of a component: The service providing linking interfaces (SPLIF, or LIF for short): this interface provides the services of the components to its users. According to Parnas [3] p.330: The specification must provide to the intended user all the information that he will need to use the program (component) correctly and nothing more. For example, a simple smart transducer component for temperature monitoring delivers at its LIF periodically a message containing the measured temp erature and nothing more. The service requesting linking interfaces (SRLIF): This interface is used by the component under consideration to request services from other components or the environment in order to accomplish the stated mission at the components LIF. In order to support the principle of information hiding[3], a user of the LIF should not be aware of the existence of the SRLIF. In our example, the analog voltage of the physical temperature sensor is delivered to the component across a SRLIF. The configuration planning interface (CP): This interface is used by the system designer to configure the component for the given application context, e.g., the setup of the network addresses of the temperature sensor will be performed across the CP interface. The diagnostic and management interface (CM): This interface is used to set internal component parameters and to retrieve diagnostic information. In our context, the setting of the calibration values for the temperature sensor is performed across the CM interface. We call a component a closed component, if it does not contain an SRLIF, i.e., it does not need to request services from its environment in order to fulfill its mission. If a component requires information from its environment to fulfill its mission, i.e., it contains an SRLIF, then we call the component an open component. In the rest of this paper we will deal with the specification of the LIF (the SPLIF) of open components only. According to [4] a LIF specification consists of the operational specification and the meta-level specification. The operational specification deals with the syntactic and temporal aspects of the messages exchanged across the LIF, while the metalevel specification deals with the meaning of the information contained in these messages. In order to express this meaning, we need to supply an appropriate interface model. An interface specification that includes all relevant operational and meta-level aspects of the interface is called a rich interface specification[5]p.6. As a case of outlining limits of the precise specification, we conjecture that it is impossible to provide a meaningful “rich interface LIF specification” of an open component without

As technology evolves, the border of embedded system and enterprise system is gradually meaningless. ESB is a well-known middleware for integration of enterprise services and systems, and DDS is a promising real-time communication middleware for embedded systems. This paper introduces structurally integrated architecture between DDS middleware and ESB middleware for interconnection between real-time embedded systems and enterprise information systems. An integrated architecture of DDS and ESB allows integration of embedded system environment and enterprise system environment. It supports integration of diverse embedded devices from ubiquitous systems with real-time communication and allows effective data processing using enterprise services, which are generated from embedded systems. We design DDS binding component for ESB to allow DDS communication to enterprise services. This DDS-ESB integration architecture could be applied in the field that generates huge of data for monitoring and processes data for providing user services in real-time, such as u-City or home network.

Intense competition drives the need for dynamic and flexible integration of dispersed and heterogeneous information systems. This paper proposes a semantic gateway architecture for system integration in networked manufacturing to solve the semantic heterogeneity problems. The system integration mode based on semantic gateway is set up to enable unified expression and analysis of the information to be integrated, so that the flexibility and transparency of integration between heterogeneous systems are significantly improved.

Summary form only given. This paper presents a computational architecture that addresses the grand challenge problem of system integration for intelligent control software. Robotics research has made many advances in sensory processing, control, and planning, but few efforts focus on the problem of dynamically integrating the best available approaches into a single architecture to support development of robot control systems. The role of architecture is discussed, and typical approaches are reviewed. Then, a novel approach to intelligent system architecture is presented. This new approach takes advantage of the maturation of object-based software engineering to help manage the complexity of intelligent machine development and attempts to combine some of the desirable properties from other modern robot control architectures.

Opportunities and Challenges in using SOFCs in Waste to Energy Systems An overview of the research activities and on-going multiple projects at Delft University of Technology aimed at the development of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) integrated waste to energy systems are presented in this paper. Resource and energy recovery from waste streams is becoming increasingly attractive. Pyrolysis, gasification, biomethanation, landfill etc lead to the production of combustible gases from waste feedstocks. However, the fuel gas produced is often contaminated when derived from waste- especially with some of the process routes mentioned above. If energy production is attempted, the use of efficient systems, when not expensive, will result in better financial returns on investment. As SOFCs are efficient and SOFC prices are expected to come down in the future, they might become an attractive option for power production from waste streams. Gasification is often considered for waste processing and results in the production of syngas rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Plasma gasification is an emerging choice for municipal solid waste management and supercritical water gasification for wet waste streams. Pyrolysis systems operate at lower temperatures and hydrocarbon rich streams are produced. Biomethenation and landfill results in methane rich gas streams. Lower temperatures lead to incomplete carbon conversion in these systems thus lowering the achievable efficiencies. Different waste process routes result in different fuel mixes. High levels of contaminants in the fuel gases are expected in most of the waste to fuel gas systems. This makes it necessary to develop contaminant resistant fuel cells or complicated fuel processing and cleaning systems. Waste streams are often difficult to handle and hence system integration and heat integration becomes challenging. The research challenges hence vary from understanding the complex electrochemistry of fuel oxidation, understanding contaminant tolerance limits, developing contaminant tolerant cells, stacks and systems. Influence of waste-derived syngas compositions and contaminants on SOFCs will be presented and the removal of a variety of potential contaminants including higher hydrocarbons, particulates, H2S, HCl, alkali compounds, heavy metals etc will be discussed. A wide range of research activities ranging from pattern cell impedance analysis to integrated system development will be presented. Complex approaches required in cleaning the gas to meet the requirements of SOFCs will be explained. Additionally, a brief discussion on the achievable system efficiencies with SOFC integrated waste to energy systems and novel concepts such as gasifier- Reversible SOFC integrated power production cum energy storage systems will be presented. Finally, an overview of a wide range of national, European and international projects that helped or currently helping us to carry out the above mentioned research activities will be presented. These projects include, among others, Bill and Melinda Gates foundation funded reinvent the toilet project, a Dutch National Award winning wastewater to fertilizer and power project, an industry initiated project on Supercritical Water Gasifier-SOFC integration, an Indo-Dutch jointly funded project with activities also on biogas production from waste streams for SOFC applications and European projects on gasifier SOFC integration and reversible SOFCs.

Numerous attempts have been made towards achieving flexible integration of external applications into a coherent enterprise architecture. The topic of "networked enterprises" describes flexible organisations characterised by distributed teams of partner companies, humans, computer applications, autonomous robots, and devices collaborating with each other in order to achieve higher productivity and to cooperate in joint projects or produce joint products that would have been impossible to develop without the contributions of multiple collaborators. In this context, flexible and secure integration of external services that can be adjusted during runtime becomes of crucial importance in order to quickly respond to changing market needs. In this paper, an architecture for dynamic application integration in web-based portal systems is presented which focuses on the user as the centre of consideration. Following its presentation, the proposed architecture is validated as part of a large-scale prototype.

<p>Health Information Systems (His) Integration and Interoperability Frameworks</p>

Optimal integration of electrolysis, gasification and reforming for stable hydrogen production

As the complexity of Internet of Things (IoT) systems increases, a large variety of tools and technologies for IoT management are making their way into both research setups and the market. IoT management solutions must consider the resource restrictions of embedded devices, as well as their heterogeneity and network dynamics. With these in mind, the Internet Engineering Task Force developed several standards targeting the integration and interoperation of heterogeneous devices, such as the Representational State Transfer Configuration Protocol (RESTCONF) or the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) Management Interface. Concurrently, the Open Mobile Alliance developed the Lightweight Machine-to-Machine protocol, for IoT device management. This paper provides a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of IoT management technologies, frameworks and protocols. Also, it proposes a taxonomy for IoT devices management. In addition to presenting the various solutions, the paper provides comparative views, standardization timeline, and market analysis. The presented analysis ranges from traditional network management protocols, such as Simple Network Management Protocol, to the newest IoT management and configuration protocols, such as CoAP Management Interface and Lightweight Machine-to-Machine protocols. Moreover, this survey identifies remaining challenges and solutions offered by recent management protocols, not covered by previous surveys.

Focussing on the European Commission’s proposals for the 2021-27 CAP, this paper looks at the opportunities they present for enhancing climate and environmental ambition in the EU, examining in particular the role that the proposed new Pillar 1 eco-scheme might play in the policy mix. It discusses some of the opportunities and risks related to its introduction including: the ability to target and tailor direct payments to environmental needs; the balance between flexibility and accountability; securing sufficient resources; the pros and cons of the two payment models permitted; annual versus multi-annual commitments; and its relationship in the green architecture with conditionality and other rural development payments. It concludes that the eco-scheme represents a change in direction for the integration of environmental goals and tools into Pillar 1 of the CAP which could act as a bridge to a more integrated and sustainable single pillar policy architecture in the future. However, it remains to be seen whether Member States are yet ready to appreciate its potential and use its flexibilities in innovative ways to promote a more ambitious environmental agenda in conjunction with other CAP measures.

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Science Foundation (DMI–9871185), Missouri Research Board, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (#02022–A), and Missouri Department of Economic Development.