Exploring digital remediation in support of personal reflection

Social Media (SM) data are growing, and SM is becoming an acceptable part of daily life for billions of people around the world. Extracting information from Social Networking Sites (SNS) can provide great challenges as well as opportunities. Using SM data beyond day-to-day communication can provide additional values. There is much research and many products that are dedicated to take SNS beyond communication channels. In our research, we are going beyond specific tools inherent to the SM tools, such as Hashtag mentions and Like counts. Instead it will use text-based modeling, data mining techniques, natural process language, machine language, etc. to understand SM content to produce numeric ratings. The final contribution of this research is building a SM users' rating model for an event using SM data. At this point of our research, we are laying out a road map.

Compared to natural language processing research investigating suicide risk prediction with social media (SM) data, research utilizing data from clinical settings are scarce. However, the utility of models trained on SM data in text from clinical settings remains unclear. In addition, commonly used performance metrics do not directly translate to operational value in a real-world deployment. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the utility of SM-derived training data for suicide risk prediction in a clinical setting and to develop a metric of the clinical utility of automated triage of patient messages for suicide risk. Using clinical data, we developed a Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers-based suicide risk detection model to identify messages indicating potential suicide risk. We used both annotated and unlabeled suicide-related SM posts for multi-stage transfer learning, leveraging customized contemporary learning rate schedules. We also developed a novel metric estimating predictive models' potential to reduce follow-up delays with patients in distress and used it to assess model utility. Multi-stage transfer learning from SM data outperformed baseline approaches by traditional classification performance metrics, improving performance from 0.734 to a best F1 score of 0.797. Using this approach for automated triage could reduce response times by 15 minutes per urgent message. Despite differences in data characteristics and distribution, publicly available SM data benefit clinical suicide risk prediction when used in conjunction with contemporary transfer learning techniques. Estimates of time saved due to automated triage indicate the potential for the practical impact of such models when deployed as part of established suicide prevention interventions. This work demonstrates a pathway for leveraging publicly available SM data toward improving risk assessment, paving the way for better clinical care and improved clinical outcomes.

Tie strength is an essential concept in identifying different kind of social ties - strong ties and weak ties. Most present studies that evaluated tie strength from social media were carried out in a controlled environment and used private/closed social media data. Even though social media has become a very important way of networking in professional events, access to such private social media data in those events is almost impossible. There is very limited research on how to facilitate networking between event participants and especially on how to automate this networking aspect in events using social media. Tie strength evaluated using social media will be key in automating this process of networking. To create such tie strength based event participant recommendation systems and tools in the future, first, we need to understand how to evaluate tie strength using publicly available social media data. The purpose of this study is to evaluate tie strength from publicly available social media data in the context of a professional event. Our case study environment is community managers’ online discussions in social media (Twitter and Facebook) about the CMAD2016 event in Finland. In this work, we analyzed social media data from that event to evaluate tie strength and compared the social media analysis-based findings with the individuals’ perceptions of the actual tie strengths of the event participants using a questionnaire. We present our findings and conclude with directions for future work.

Purpose The aim of the research was to develop a methodological framework for coding data from social media. Design/methodology/approach The research is based on netnography, a qualitative research approach that combines online observation, digital traces, and elicitation techniques to study online phenomena. Findings Our study identified five key challenges in coding social media data (1) social media posts often function as coherent, multifaceted units of meaning, rather than discrete words or isolated sentences; (2)multi-Coding Necessity: Posts frequently convey multiple messages, necessitating simultaneous assignment of several codes to a single post unlike traditional coding practices that emphasize isolating individual meanings; (3) Iterative Codebook Development: Creating a reliable coding framework required up few rounds of refinement, highlighting the need for iterative development processes; (4) Lower Inter-Rater Agreement: Agreement levels among coders were lower than typically expected in conventional coding. Achieving a 75% agreement rate required extensive discussion and refinement; (5) Importance of Multiple Raters: Engaging more than two coders significantly improved the methodological rigor of the codebook development. Research limitations/implications The dataset was limited to firm–stakeholder interactions. Different dynamics might present other coding challenges. The exemplary dataset was relatively small and manageable. Larger datasets may require different sampling and coding strategies, limiting the direct transferability of our framework. Our framework was developed inductively from a single case. A synthesis of coding practices across multiple netnographic studies could further refine a literature-informed methodology. Existing studies rarely report coding procedures in detail, limiting opportunities for comparison or replication. Our framework focuses on textual data. However, visual and audiovisual elements in social media play an increasingly important role and warrant further methodological development. Practical implications We encourage researchers to treat entire posts as the basic unit of coding and allow for multiple codings to reflect the complexity of social media discourse. The actual process of developing a codebook should involve multiple coders and several rounds of iteration and discussion. A codebook can facilitate automated content analysis across larger data sets, increasing scalability while maintaining methodological rigor. Our recommendations provide a foundation for future guidance and best practices in digital qualitative research. Originality/value This study contributes a novel and structured framework for coding qualitative social media data – a methodological gap in the current netnographic literature. It offers practical strategies for addressing key challenges in coding complex digital content. By highlighting the limitations of traditional coding approaches to social media data, the study develops methodological guidelines useful to researchers and sets the stage for future research on the dataset.

Tourism is growing very rapidly with the development of technology, especially information technology .Through information technology people can easily get access to information about various destinations and tourist attractions as well as hotel by online media communication. Therefore, this study was trying to use social media such as facebook and twitter, where both social media were widely used by companies engaged in tourism in the world as well as in Bali. Internet consists of several websites, but the most effective one to conduct the research on tourism such as webseries 2.0 or commonly called as social networking media. Social medias - Facebook and Twitter - both were wildly used by the companies running in the sector of tourism in Bali, such as Hotels, Villas, Restaurants, Spas, Travel Agents, Airlines, and Tourist Attraction Managements, to advertised their products and services in their respective field. Through those social media, tourists will be able to access the comments or reviews about the companies. The problem raised in this research is how Bali’s tourism data in social networking media were used and considered, and how was the image of Bali’s tourism in their point of viewbased on the research. The method used here was descriptive qualitative method which describes this phenomenon descriptively by analyzing the obtained comments on social networking media such as facebook and twitter, and then classified in the form of comments positive, negative, and unidentified comment. Afterwards comments were re-analyzed through 4A Approach which consist of Attraction, amenities, Ancillary, and Accessibility. Data which has been obtained re-analyzed via the data obtained from the homepage of (TripAdvisor and Agoda.com). In addition, to strengthen the research data obtained from the homepage of TripAdvisor and Agoda.com , then it has been elaborated on the point rating system which indicatedthat the company were registered in both of those social networking media such as Hotel, Villa, SPA, restaurants, travel agents, airlines, media, tourist attraction management has a good rating result, and it has represented that the image of Bali tourism has a good rank in the eyes of local and international tourists. This data was also strengthened by the existence of empirical studies where there were the data from a hundred tourists came to Bali both locally and internationally has filled out the questionnaire about Bali in order to obtain maximum results on the image of Bali tourism. The results showed that, social networking media were effectively used in this study. Many companies in Bali used facebook and twitter. In addition, Bali Tourism image placed in positive rank on both of social networking sites, and it was gained by the results of questionnaires spread towards the visitor.

The paper analyzes the use of social media data in geographical information systems to map the areas most affected by mortar shells in the capital of Syria, Damascus, by using geocoded and parsed social media data in geographical information systems. This paper describes a created algorithm to collecting and store data from social media sites. For the data store both a NoSQL database to save JSON format document and an RDBMS is used to save other spatial data types. A python script was written to collect the data in social media based on certain keywords related to the search. A geocoding algorithm to locate social media posts that normalize, standardize and tokenize the text was developed. The result of the developed diagram provided a year by year from 2013 to 2018 maps for mortar shell falling locations in Damascus. These layers give an overview for the changing of the numbers of mortar shells falls or in hot spot analysis for the city. Finally, social media data can prove to be useful when creating maps for dynamic social phenomena, for example, mortar shells’ location falling in Damascus, Syria. Moreover, social media data provide easy, massive, and timestamped data which makes these phenomena easier to study.

The article contains results of a study of social media data (SMD) which, being distinct from conventional data by their origin, require special methods for collection, processing and analysis. As shown by a literature review, in spite of great many research publications devoted to social media research and big data analysis, the SMD potential as a big data component still remains inadequately explored. Two approaches to research and analysis of SMD were highlighted in course of the study, in which SMD are addressed as an object of Internet statistics and an object of big data. When SMD are explored as an object of Internet statistics, collection of anonymized data is performed using the services that have network protocols for collection and analysis of data on social media customers using statistical methods. When SMD are explored as an object of big data, the collection is performed mostly by artificial intellect, whereas the storage and processing is operated by databases designed for large scopes of data and software with statistical data processing applications. The social media most popular with users in 2020 were identified in the study. Statistical indicators for assessment of users’ feedback, available now for statistical assessments of social media communities, are given. The study revealed several problems which solutions would require, apart from a multifaceted and complex approach to collection and processing, highly competent teams of specialists in various subject fields, including experts in computations, experts in machine learning and statisticians.

Large databases of clinician reported (e.g., allergy repositories) and patient reported (e.g., social media) adverse drug reactions (ADRs) exist; however, whether patients and clinicians report the same concerns is not clear. Our objective was to compare electronic health record data and social media data to better understand differences and similarities between clinician-reported ADRs and patients' concerns regarding aspirin and atorvastatin. This pilot study explored a large repository of electronic health record data and social media data for clinician-reported ADRs and patients concerns for two common medications: aspirin (n=31,817 ADRs accessible in clinical data; n=19,186 potential ADRs accessible in social media data) and atorvastatin (n=15,047 ADRs accessible in clinical data; n=23,408 potential ADRs accessible in social media data). We found that the most frequently reported ADRs matched the most frequent patients' concerns. However, several less frequently reported reactions were more prevalent on social media (i.e., aspirin-induced hypoglycemia was discussed only on social media). Overall, we found a relatively strong positive and statistically significant correlation between the frequency ranking of reactions and patients' concerns for atorvastatin (Pearson's r=0.61, p<0.001) but not for aspirin (Pearson's r=0.1, p=0.69). Future studies should develop further natural language methods for a more detailed data analysis (i.e., identifying causality and temporal aspects in the social media data).

Social media are now involved in many aspects of human life. People use social media to do business, find friends, have fun, and discuss social and political issues. As an important aspect of our lives, and just like many other topics, politics is widely discussed on social media. Politicians, activists, civilians, companies and terrorists have made politics a hot topic on social media. However, there is no consensus among researchers on how reliable social media data can be for political science research, and what would be the proper method of collecting and analyzing social media data. In this paper, various theoretical and empirical works concerning the relationship between social media data, specifically Twitter data, and politics are critically examinedto demonstrate how social media data affect politics and contribute to political research. The findings imply that social media data have significantly contributed to the field of political communication by offering inexpensive and easily-accessible information, empowering marginal social entities to participate in politics and internationalizing communication among political actors.

World's largest community Facebook's ‘Like’ button pressed 2.7 billion times every day across the web revealing what people care about, such an impact of social media that internet user average almost spends 2.5 hours daily on liking, chatting, poking, tweeting on social media, which has become vast source of unstructured data. While dealing with big data it's difficult for traditional databases and architecture to modify, grill and then structure this data, it can lead to many consumer insights which can help to create win-win situations. It has become necessary to find out value from large data sets to show relationships, dependencies as well as to perform predictions of outcomes and behaviors. Big Data has been characterized by 5 Vs — Volume, Velocity, Variety, Veracity and Value. This paper deals with all these 5Vs, features, challenges, future of Big Data in social media arena using data mining algorithms, tools and Hadoop framework for overcoming challenges of Big Data.

Journalists increasingly use social media data to infer and report public opinion by quoting social media posts, identifying trending topics, and reporting general sentiment. In contrast to traditional approaches of inferring public opinion, citizens are often unaware of how their publicly available social media data is being used and how public opinion is constructed using social media analytics. In this exploratory study based on a census-weighted online survey of Canadian adults (N=1,500), we examine citizens’ perceptions of journalistic use of social media data. We demonstrate that: (1) people find it more appropriate for journalists to use aggregate social media data rather than personally identifiable data; (2) people who use more social media are more likely to positively perceive journalistic use of social media data to infer public opinion; and (3) the frequency of political posting is positively related to acceptance of this emerging journalistic practice, which suggests some citizens want to be heard publicly on social media while others do not. We provide recommendations for journalists on the ethical use of social media data and social media platforms on opt-in functionality.

BackgroundA scoping review to characterize the literature on the use of conversations in social media as a potential source of data for detecting adverse events (AEs) related to health products.MethodsOur specific research questions were (1) What social media listening platforms exist to detect adverse events related to health products, and what are their capabilities and characteristics? (2) What is the validity and reliability of data from social media for detecting these adverse events? MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and relevant websites were searched from inception to May 2016. Any type of document (e.g., manuscripts, reports) that described the use of social media data for detecting health product AEs was included. Two reviewers independently screened citations and full-texts, and one reviewer and one verifier performed data abstraction. Descriptive synthesis was conducted.ResultsAfter screening 3631 citations and 321 full-texts, 70 unique documents with 7 companion reports available from 2001 to 2016 were included. Forty-six documents (66%) described an automated or semi-automated information extraction system to detect health product AEs from social media conversations (in the developmental phase). Seven pre-existing information extraction systems to mine social media data were identified in eight documents. Nineteen documents compared AEs reported in social media data with validated data and found consistent AE discovery in all except two documents. None of the documents reported the validity and reliability of the overall system, but some reported on the performance of individual steps in processing the data. The validity and reliability results were found for the following steps in the data processing pipeline: data de-identification (n = 1), concept identification (n = 3), concept normalization (n = 2), and relation extraction (n = 8). The methods varied widely, and some approaches yielded better results than others.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the use of social media conversations for pharmacovigilance is in its infancy. Although social media data has the potential to supplement data from regulatory agency databases; is able to capture less frequently reported AEs; and can identify AEs earlier than official alerts or regulatory changes, the utility and validity of the data source remains under-studied.Trial registrationOpen Science Framework (https://osf.io/kv9hu/).

ABSTRACTAs the world's climate changes, species are undergoing range shifts. Range shifts are generally documented using databases such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), which largely contain data from monitoring schemes and wildlife surveys. Such databases have two major limitations: (i) data may be spatially biased because traditionally surveyed areas are in rural habitats and (ii) there is a time lag between formal monitoring and survey data collection and assimilation into GBIF, which means rapid range shifts cannot be tracked. Alternative data sources, such as social media, could provide information on species distributions and range shifts that compensate for spatial biases in GBIF records because social media data may be collected outside traditionally surveyed areas. Such data are also usually shared online immediately after a wildlife sighting. The complementarity of GBIF and social media data, however, has rarely been assessed, particularly when tracking range shifts. Despite their potential utility, social media data may be particularly prone to temporary trends or geographic variation in behaviour that are not understood. We lack tools with which to counter these biases. To address these knowledge gaps, we compare the habitat usage revealed by biological records of the Jersey tiger moth from GBIF and from social media data sources (Instagram and Flickr). We develop a novel method to investigate recorder bias in social media data and compare between data sources. We find that biological records from Instagram reveal greater than expected occurrence in urban environments. Recorder effort differs notably between data sources and Instagram complements GBIF by recording species in areas unaccounted for by GBIF. By incorporating recorder effort metrics, data from social media sources could be used to improve monitoring of range‐shifting species in urban spaces.

Governments and healthcare institutions are increasingly recognizing the value of leveraging social media data to address disease outbreaks. This is due to the rapid dissemination and rich content of social media data, which includes real-time reactions and calls for help from people. However, current research on which social media data can be utilized for information support, as well as the underlying reasons why social media data can be utilized for information support, remains limited. This study aims to make up for the aforementioned limitation by investigating which social media information is more likely to reflect the severity of an outbreak through empirical and prediction models, while also elucidating why social media data has the ability to reflect pandemic through content analysis. The COVID-19 outbreak was utilized as a case example in this study because it has the advantage of enhancing the universality of results and promoting the validation of the model with multiple waves of data. The empirical model results indicate that social media activity from public users is more likely to reflect the ground truth during pandemic. In particular, it was found that negative sentiment expressed in blog posts by public users during pandemic aligns more closely with the severity of disease outbreak. Then, a prediction model was proposed to further validate these findings of the empirical model. Finally, a content analysis was conducted based on the conclusions drawn from empirical model and prediction model. The content analysis revealed that the predictive capability of social media data for pandemic originates from individual self-reporting of illness. This study provides contributions and insights into which types of information can be used for pandemic monitoring and forecasting. The findings of our research have significant implications for governments and healthcare institutions in leveraging social media data for pandemic monitoring and forecasting.

While social media spaces have been explored, including the understanding of how political activism is enacted on social media and how those spaces have become spaces of political engagement and resistance, the question of the present and politically visible youth on social media remains critical in analysing youth as active political subjects. In this paper, we examine the ways in which authoritarian regimes have been challenged by tech-savvy millennials through social media spaces. We argue that social media spaces are not just spaces of entertainment but political and politicised spaces as well. The cyber activism of youth activists in Africa has made authoritarian regimes rethink political accountability and transparency in their governance systems. Similarly, social media has also compelled authoritarian regimes to respond to issues of political violence and police brutality, which have become commonplace in many African countries such as Zimbabwe. The paper utilises an ethnography of being in the social media space to examine the ways in which political engagement and resistance to authoritarian regimes on social media spaces manifest and are articulated. We assert that social media spaces have created political spaces in which citizens challenge the notion of despositif from below. Thus, regimes of power and knowledge are fluid and can be challenged from below, through social media spaces.