Exploring Space Technologies for Sustainable Development

Rapid advances in science, technology and innovation (STI) have transformed the management of cities, have great potential to improve the requirements of local governments and citizens, and can help generate sustainable urban development and equality, especially in developing countries, to decrease poverty and increase education and health. These topics note the importance of developing STI in urban policies as an integrative element to promote urban development based on the necessities of current and future societies and the importance of knowing the perceptions of different stakeholders in the city with respect to STI. Therefore, this study seeks to determine the STI public policy of a city in an emerging country by using a cross-impact analysis based on workshops and interviews with experts and interest groups. From this study, we want to develop recommendations to formulate new public policy regarding the state of science, technology and innovation in Bogota. The application of this methodology identified key policy factors, such as STI investment, regional vision, resource optimization, entrepreneurship, promotion of technological development centres and participation in peace scenarios. These factors require in-depth exploration in order to improve the quality of the policy. Finally, based on the results obtained in this study, we developed some thoughts and recommendations about Bogota’s STI public policy formulation that can be used as key input for policymakers and decision-makers to improve the promotion of STI to achieve sustainable development and the well-being of the population.

Cities are the centre of productive activity, which can be driven by investment in science, technology and innovation (STI) to improve growth, sustainable development, well-being and quality of life. This chapter seeks to describe the main trends in STI in some cities in Latin America and determine their relationship with economic performance. This chapter analyses three Latin American cities (Santiago de Chile, Mexico City and Bogota); these cities have been recognized for their STI processes and economic performance in the region. The results indicate that cities with greater intensity of STI have greater economic growth, which also improves some social processes and increases benefits to the population. The scientific activities that articulate universities, the production sector and public research institutions converge with the better appropriation and use of technologies, which contribute to improving the performance of the city in general. In this context, it is important to promote policies based on STI requirements that allow for the promotion of smart cities and knowledge societies in the region as key elements of sustainable development, economic growth and social welfare based on the third and fourth helix approaches, which are successful models in developed countries, adapted to regional problems.

O artigo analisa primeiramente o surgimento do conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável e suas vertentes. Posteriormente, avalia a importância de políticas voltadas para a questão, como a de ciência, tecnologia e inovação (CT&I) e de educação. Atualmente é dado o enfoque da sustentabilidade na análise do papel da CT&I pela busca do desenvolvimento. Teorias econômicas e experiências internacionais observam que o papel da inovação no processo produtivo, advindo de uma boa qualificação profissional, contribuem para o desenvolvimento sustentado e sustentável de um país. Seguindo novos paradigmas e tendências internacionais, apresenta-se o Programa Ciência sem Fronteiras,como parte do conjunto atual de ações em CT&I. Com uma breve análise sobre a viabilidade e os desafios para a consecução dessa ação governamental, são indicados alguns mecanismos institucionais que devem ser observados para a efetividade do Programa.

In this paper we analyse the degree of achievement of the Regional Innovation Strategy goals. This is an European Union Commission policy oriented toward the promotion of regional Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) policy design through the involvement of regional stakeholders. We analyse two categories of objectives: those dealing with process participation and those dealing with behavioural change. Our results show that the overall achievement of the goals is meaningful: the former have been achieved in a larger extent than the latter ones. However, other aspects such as multidisciplinary, and the establishment of a monitoring and evaluation system have not been so fruitful.

Science, technology and innovation (STI) has a great potential in addressing sustainability challeges and promoting the realization of development agenda across nations.Rapid change of technologies has led to disruptions across all economic, social and environmental dimensions.Emerging technologies under the frame of the 4th industrial revolution including artificial intelligence, machine learning, internet of things, and big data continue to shape our lives in ways never imagined before.They continue to produce innovative solutions to address some of the most urgent global challenges, such as energy, food security, health issues and climate change.As such, growing technological complexity, the fast pace of development, and the scale of global challenges call for increased investment in STI. 1 However, challenges still remain on how to utilize technology to address emerging sustainability concerns.This is particularly so in developing countries where the adoption of new technologies is slow compared to advanced countries.There is a need to strengthen science, technology, and innovation contributions to economic growth and align new innovations with emerging development needs.

Current governance of science, technology and innovation (STI) faces tough challenges to meet demands arising from complex issues such as societal challenges or targets, e.g. the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. For decades, scholars and civil society institutions have called for increased public participation in STI, and political institutions have been taking up the request to integrate engagement activities into their decision-making processes, at least in the form of consultations. Moving engagement in research and development further upstream makes early interventions and social shaping of technologies and innovation possible. Since research has also faced repeated requests towards taking on more responsibility for solving societal problems, engagement processes thus help in shaping research. Here, the earliest point for possible engagement can be found within the constituting phase of research agendas as topics, general lines of enquiry and targets are shaped in this phase. These are the boundaries in between which researchers later navigate. This article serves as introduction to this journal’s topical collection on participatory agenda setting for research and innovation (PASE). It provides a review of the literature on theory and practice of PASE activities, summarises the topical collection’s contributions regarding current international cases and analyses respective PASE limits and benefits, thereby promoting its conceptual and practical understanding.

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was established in 1946 and aims to contribute, through education, the sciences, culture, communication and information, to the building of peace and the eradication of poverty, and to advancing sustainable development and inter-cultural dialogue. Assistant Directors-General are responsible for education; natural sciences; social and human sciences; culture; communication and information; external relations and cooperation; and administration. Commissions are expected to represent all principal national authorities and nongovernmental bodies working in the fields of education, sciences, culture and communication, and to promote UNESCO's values, objectives and activities. UNESCO's medium-term strategy for 2014-21 the organization was to continue to provide through its science programmes policy advice on science, technology and innovation (STI), as well as to strengthen member states' STI capacities, and to enhance international scientific co-operation for the advancement of inclusive sustainable development.

Roles of innovation in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals: A bibliometric analysis

The number of research papers published by three countries from Asia, Singapore, Malaysia, and Sri Lanka as per the SCOPUS database has been considered as an indicator of their research output. The countries have similar periods of a modern research career. The backwardness of the developing world, known as the South, has been detailed with examples taken from the number of scientific papers published by several other countries as well. Science, technology and innovation (STI) diplomacy has been highlighted as the way of gaining scientific recognition for the countries in the South by boosting their outputs through regional and international collaboration. The sooner the South promotes STI diplomacy among its scientific and technocratic communities the greater the opportunities that it gets in reaching the heights of the scientific world. Based on the analysis, five important procedures that a government of a developing country should adopt, have been proposed. This paper will be an eye-opener for relevant government officials to pay extra attention to boosting STI diplomacy so that each country could achieve pre-determined scientific goals collectively and individually in an efficient manner.

In North and South, in cities and rural settings, networks of activists, development workers, community groups and neighbours are generating bottom-up solutions for sustainable development, solutions that respond to the local situation and the interests and values of the communities involved. Initiatives have flourished, and struggled, in sectors as diverse as water and sanitation, housing and habitats, food and agriculture, energy, mobility, manufacturing, health, education, communications, and many other spheres of activity. People call this as grassroots innovation. Grassroots innovation movements present contrasting approaches to innovation compared to conventional science, technology and innovation (STI) institutions. Grassroots projects, involving the cultivation of tacit knowledge and skills, are also about crafting solidarities. Project-centred discussion and activity is linked to debate and mobilization around wider issues. In the context of green transformations, it is argued by some that these facilities not only help localize sustainable production, consumption, up-cycling, fixing and repair, but they might also promote post-consumerist cultures.

The maritime industry is crucial in mitigating global warming and advancing sustainable maritime development worldwide. As essential nodes in maritime supply chains and key energy hubs, ports must undergo decarbonization to support global sustainability efforts. Research on port decarbonization (PD) has gained increasing attention in recent years, with several reviews revisiting this topic. However, most existing studies have focused on specific aspects such as measures or policies rather than a holistic perspective. This study adopts a comprehensive approach by examining three key perspectives: PD measures, PD facilitation activities, and PD macro-environmental factors. By systematically analyzing 218 articles retrieved from the Scopus database through bibliometric and content analysis, this study identifies trends over time, geographic distribution, key journals, leading authors, prominent themes, research clusters, researched countries, and methodologies. Key findings highlight the following priorities: (i) broadening the focus to include various port types; (ii) more studies on ports in lower-middle-income economies; (iii) promoting cross regional and international research collaboration; (iv) studying alternative fuels and diversified PD measures through theoretical lenses, innovative, practical, and multifaceted perspectives, and within the context of green corridors and global and regional PD efforts; (v) identifying effective governance models, human resources strategies, infrastructure development, and collaboration mechanisms; and (vi) addressing the direct and indirect impacts of political, legal, and macro-environmental factors on PD.

UNESCO believed that college students play an important role in sustainable development, and service learning in higher education is an important stage in establishing students’ social responsibility, sustainable community development and sustainable awareness. The purpose of this study was to design a performing arts service-learning course so that participants could truly understand the actions of social responsibility, devote themselves to the action of sustainable development in the community, cultivate awareness sustainable in action, and predict the achievement of sustainable development goals. This study implemented a 3-month “Performing Arts Service-Learning Course”. A total of 90 performing arts college students (57 females and 33 males) voluntarily participated in this research. Reflection activities and questionnaire survey will be carried out immediately after the course ends. The results of the study showed that after the course ended, the participants reflected on the activities and believed that service learning can establish a good partnership between the school and the community. Gain first-hand experience from serving others, serve social justice, serve the less privileged, and spread love and joy to more people. Questionnaires: Both males and females were satisfied with the topics of “social responsibility” and “sustainable community development”. All participants agreed with the topics of “sustainability awareness” and “sustainable development goals”. Males and females were highly correlated with social responsibility, sustainable community development, sustainable awareness, and sustainable development goals (4, 5, 11, 16, 17). Finally, the social responsibility, sustainable community development, and sustainable awareness of males and females could effectively predict the sustainable development goals (4, 5, 11, 16, 17). The conclusion of this study showed that service learning can help college students learn to solve problems from practice and understand the value of sustainable development through community service and caring for environmental changes. From now on, the 17 goals of sustainable development goals should be planned into courses in various fields. It is helpful to broaden students’ horizons and move towards the era of global sustainable development goals.

The role of Provincial Government in regional collaboration is strategic and appealing to be studied. The issue is relatively new and has not received attention from various stakeholders. In addition, the position and authority of the Provincial Government to a certain extent is strategic for the success of a regional collaboration. Nevertheless, empirical pictures indicated that the role of the Provincial Government was far from expectation, although it was not completely in-exist. Based on the case study of six Province, dynamics of the Provincial Government’s roles in regional collaboration can be observed. The study reveals similarities as well as the difference in the dynamics in each Province. It is obvious that the dynamics were influenced by conditions facing each Provincial Government that posed problems in managing regional collaboration. In the future, the role of the Provincial Government in regional collaboration needs to be strengthened through several models that have been recommended in this study, ranging from the simplest model to a more strategic one. It is expected that the optimization of the Provincial Government’s roles in regional collaboration would bring back the strategic position of the Provincial Government in front of Local Government as stipulated in Law Number 32 Year 2004.

Understanding of human dynamics has drawn attention to various areas. The wide spread of positioning technologies, such as GPS facilitates location information to be obtained with high spatio-temporal resolution as well as at low costs. By collecting individual location information in real time, monitoring of human dynamics has recently become possible and is expected to the area of dynamic traffic control. In this monitoring, detecting anomalous states of human dynamics become important. This research aims to define an anomaly detection problem of the human dynamics monitoring with time-series gridded population data and develop an anomaly detection method for this problem. According to the result of a review we have conducted, we discussed the characteristics of the anomaly detection in human dynamics monitoring and categorized our problem to a semi-supervised anomaly detection problem that detects contextual anomalies behind time-series data. We developed an anomaly detection method based on a sticky hierarchical Dirichlet process hidden Markov model, which is able to estimate the number of latent states according to the input data. Results of the experiment with synthetic data showed that our proposed method has good fundamental performance with respect to the detection rate. Through the experiments with real gridded population data, anomalies were detected when and where an actual social event had occurred.

Sustainable development has attracted the attention of social-economic, spatial well-being, and cultural continuity advocates across the world. However, the processes involved in land use as well as urban development have continued to affect the attainment of sustainable development. This study assessed the effects of urbanization and land use planning on achieving sustainable development goals. The data were collected using a survey questionnaire from 384 different government leaders in Greece. The study showed that the indicators of urbanization quality have a positive effect on sustainable development goals. It was revealed that there is a significant relationship between integrated land use strategies and sustainable development goals. The study showed that indicators of urbanization quality are very key to achieving different SDGs. This indicates that sustainable urbanization entails more than just converting agricultural land and forests without making any changes to them into cities, and it is equally one of the answers to the problem of the world’s population growth if it is done with vision and dedication. The study clearly shows that integrated land use strategies are important in achieving the SDGs. In this case, land use planning is mostly a local effort, though some nations employ guiding land use plans created at the regional or inter-municipal level. Furthermore, urbanization opportunities and land-use plans have a great influence on the achievement of sustainable development goals. Notably, the goal of sustainable urban development is to make urban areas “sustainable” as well as to build or reinforce the city’s sustainability-related economic, social, cultural, and environmental aspects. It then goes on to discover how to spread that idea and why it is important to be focused, using various definitions. The fundamental idea of sustainable urban development is then realized by reviewing the ideas and principles of sustainable development. Finally, some general recommendations are made regarding urban planning, sustainable urban development, and the significance of establishing the necessary conditions for its realization. Urban sustainability and proper use of land require structural changes as well as significant, fundamental shifts at all societal levels.