Factor Analysis of Warehouse Reciept System Performance with Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (Pls-Sem)

Research in international business and management (IM) is highly complex, contextual, and spans various subfields and related theoretical lenses. These characteristics pose research challenges that require utilizing sophisticated research designs and methodologies. This paper and our focused issue on ‘The use of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and complementary methods in IM research’ further clarify whether and how researchers using PLS-SEM can address (some of) the challenges in IM research. We explain how researchers can benefit from the (advanced) capabilities that PLS-SEM offers; either as a stand-alone method or in triangulation efforts that leverage complementary approaches. In addition, we review the IM literature for PLS-SEM applications and evaluate whether and how researchers are already using these approaches. We identify some room for improvement when it comes to the application of both more advanced PLS-SEM capabilities and the triangulation of PLS-SEM with qualitative data analyses, and techniques such as fuzzy set qualitative comparative analyses and necessary condition analyses. For better guidance, we refer to PLS-SEM application examples in which the methodological advances are used.

<p>Structural equation modeling (SEM) depicts one of the most salient research methods across a variety of disciplines, including educational management. Recent research advocates the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) as an attractive tool in action research. The purpose of this paper is to systematically examine how PLS-SEM has been applied in action research with the aim of investigating the effect of teacher’s leadership styles (transformational and transaction) and student’s motivational factors (intrinsic and extrinsic) on student engagement for implementation of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in classrooms as well as explore the mediating role of motivational factors of student between the relationship of teacher’s leadership styles and student engagement. A cross-sectional survey design was used for the study featuring a self-administrated questionnaire among the students of some selected schools in Bangladesh. The transactional leadership style of teachers influences student engagement, intrinsic, and extrinsic motivation while the transformational leadership style of teachers influences the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of the student. Both motivational factors mediated the relationship between leadership styles and student engagement. This study contributes to the literature by providing teachers with the updated guidelines for action research by using PLS-SEM. The study also suggests the way for increasing student engagement for CLT implementation in classrooms.</p>

This paper aims to propose improvements to plastic waste management performance via Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using a survey’s structured questionnaire and hypothesis testing. The methodology has been applied to the metropolis of Salvador, Brazil’s third most populated city, although it can be used for other cities worldwide. All the indicators, constructs, and hypotheses concerning collection, sorting, and recycling came from a literature review. The dependence of the performance on efficiency, effectiveness, the municipality’s socioeconomic aspects, and the municipality’s infrastructure was evaluated, and both academic and practitioner public representatives were surveyed. Since almost double the minimum number of respondents answered the questionnaire and the PLS-SEM statistics showed that the modeling presents consistency, the discussion is relevant. The final results show that the respondents rated the volume of processing to be slightly more significant than the market maturity for the effectiveness of plastic waste management, which in turn contributes to performance. Once the positive influence of the municipality’s infrastructure on performance has also been verified, the Deposit-Return Systems (DRSs) should be considered for improvement, in addition to an increase in the availability of selective collection systems, contributing to the growth of both the recycling rate and business profitability, reflections of performance.

This study aims to identify the variables that influence customers’ decision-making process regarding credit uptake at a rural bank in Kepulauan Riau. The variables are service quality, requirements, relationship, promotion, and interest rate. Using a quantitative research design, the primary data collection method employed in this study is survey questionnaires. The sample consists of 170 rural bank customers in Kepulauan Riau, selected through purposive sampling. Service quality refers to the level of customer satisfaction with the bank’s services. Requirements assess the ease of meeting credit documentation and eligibility criteria. Relationships explore the trust and rapport established between customers and the bank. Promotions evaluate the marketing efforts employed by the bank. Interest rates reflect the cost of borrowing. The collected data will be analyzed using the Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method by using SmartPLS 3.3.0. The findings will offer valuable insights to rural banks, aiding their understanding of the factors that influence customers’ credit decision-making process. The study will serve as a foundation for developing strategies aimed at enhancing customer satisfaction, improving service quality, and bolstering the bank’s competitive position in the market.
 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi variabel yang memengaruhi proses pengambilan keputusan nasabah dalam mengambil kredit di Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) di Kepulauan Riau. Variabel tersebut berupa kualitas layanan, persyaratan, relasi, promosi, dan suku bunga. Dengan menggunakan desain penelitian kuantitatif, metode pengumpulan data utama yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner survei. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 170 nasabah BPR di Kepulauan Riau yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling. Kualitas layanan mengacu pada tingkat kepuasan nasabah terhadap layanan bank. Persyaratan mengevaluasi kemudahan pemenuhan dokumen dan kriteria kelayakan kredit. Relasi menggali kepercayaan dan hubungan antara nasabah dan bank. Promosi mengevaluasi upaya pemasaran yang dilakukan oleh bank. Suku bunga mencerminkan biaya pinjaman. Data yang terkumpul akan dianalisis dengan metode Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) dengan software SmartPLS 3.3.0. Temuan penelitian ini akan memberikan wawasan berharga bagi BPR, membantu pemahaman mereka tentang faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi proses pengambilan keputusan kredit nasabah. Penelitian ini akan menjadi dasar untuk mengembangkan strategi yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kepuasan nasabah, meningkatkan kualitas layanan, dan memperkuat posisi kompetitif bank di pasar.

This study examines the mediating roles of socio-economic inclusion in interactions among social innovation, economic results, and government commitment among developing countries. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized for examining implied relationships from data obtained from three regions of Indonesia: East Java, Makassar, and Medan. Psychometric properties of the measurement model were satisfactory with all constructs meeting sufficient reliability (Cronbach's α ≥ 0.785) and convergent validity (AVE ≥ 0.700). Structural modeling explained considerable variances for government commitment (R² = 0.698) and socio-economic inclusion (R² = 0.681). Results show that socio-economic inclusion was a partial mediator of relationships between economic results and government commitment, explaining 52% of the total effect. Social innovation had stronger intrinsic effect sizes on government commitment (β = 0.387) than did socio-economic inclusion (β = 0.251). Bootstrap multigroup analyses supported the consistency of relationships among the regions and hence improved the generalizability of the model. These findings conflict with standard linear models by showing largely different reciprocal transformations of economic progress to government commitment based on inclusive development approaches. Despite being limited by inherent weaknesses of cross-sectional study limitations and slight discriminant validity, this study improves comprehension of social innovation and the effects of economic outcomes on driving factors of government commitment in developing countries. Implications of findings are such that policymakers should prioritize interventions targeting simultaneously intervene on economic results and inclusion processes for promoting sustained government engagement.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationships between Project management leadership pattern and performance, innovation work behavior and performance, and receptiveness to innovation and performance. A quantitative research method was employed, and the analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via Smart PLS software version 4.0.9.9. PLS-SEM was chosen for its suitability in analyzing complex models with multiple constructs and pathways, particularly in exploratory research contexts. The study surveyed 289 Gulf project-based companies, selected through snowball sampling based on the accessibility of reliable participants who had already completed the questionnaire. PLS-SEM is especially effective for handling different sample sizes, non-normal data distributions, and both reflective and formative constructs. It also prioritizes maximizing the explained variance of dependent variables and is well-suited for testing relationships between latent constructs. A five-point Likert scale was used to measure respondents’ agreement with statements related to the variable indicators, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The data analysis included validity testing, reliability testing, significance testing, and hypothesis testing. The results indicate that Project management leadership pattern has a positive and significant relationship with performance. Similarly, innovation work behavior and receptiveness to innovation both show positive and significant associations with performance.

This study aims to analyze the effect of service quality on repurchase intention with customer satisfaction as a mediating variable at Pandan View Mandeh Resto. The study was conducted with a quantitative approach and used a causal associative design to explain the relationship between variables. The population in this study were all customers who had received services and consumed food and drinks at Pandan View Mandeh Resto within the past year, with a minimum age requirement of 17 years. The sample set was 130 respondents and was obtained through questionnaire distribution. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire instrument that had been prepared based on indicators from the research variables. Furthermore, the data obtained were analyzed using the Partial Least Square - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method with the help of the Smart-PLS application. The analysis carried out included outer model testing (validity and reliability), inner model testing (relationships between latent variables), hypothesis testing, and mediation testing. The results showed that service quality has a positive and significant influence on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, customer satisfaction has been shown to have a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention. Furthermore, service quality also has a significant positive effect on repurchase intention. Mediation analysis shows that customer satisfaction acts as a partial mediator in the relationship between service quality and repurchase intention. This means that some of the influence of service quality on repurchase intention occurs through customer satisfaction, while others occur directly. These findings emphasize the importance of maintaining and improving service quality to create satisfaction, which in turn impacts customer loyalty.

Indonesia's aquaculture sector continues to play a strategic role in enhancing coastal community welfare, particularly through the cultivation of vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). In recent years, Lamongan Regency—specifically Turi District—has emerged as a prominent shrimp farming center in East Java. However, the physical expansion of shrimp farming has not been matched by a significant improvement in the income of small and medium-scale farmers. This study aims to examine the effect of marketing strategies, business capital, and cultivation technology adoption on farmers' income in vannamei shrimp farming. The research uses an explanatory approach involving 73 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected via structured questionnaires and analyzed using the Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method through SmartPLS 3. The results show that all independent variables have a significant effect on income, both partially and simultaneously. Business capital has the most dominant influence (β = 0.379), followed by marketing strategy (β = 0.341), and cultivation technology (β = 0.312). The model explains 65.2% of the variance in income (R² = 0.652). This study contributes to the literature by integrating marketing, financial access, and technology variables within a localized aquaculture development model. The findings are expected to inform regional policy planning to improve the productivity and welfare of small-scale shrimp farmers.

The objective of this research is to identify the effect of work load on job stress among sandwich generations in Jabodetabek with compensation as the mediating variable. This quantitative research was conducted based on the gaps between previous studies regarding the effect and the direction of the relationship between work load and job stress, in addition to the increasing ratio of stress experienced by the said generations in Indonesia following the COVID-19 pandemic. The research population is employees categorized as sandwich generation who live and work in Jabodetabek, from which 220 people were selected as the respondents. The data was harvested via questionnaires and was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling – Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) in SmartPLS version 3.2.9. This study finds that (1) work load positively and significantly influences job stress, (2) work load negatively and significantly affects compensation, (3) compensation negatively and significantly influences job stress, and (4) work load positively and significantly impacts job stress with the mediation of compensation. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh beban kerja terhadap stres kerja bagi sandwich generation di Jabodetabek dengan kompensasi sebagai variabel mediasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini didasari pada research gap yang terdapat pada penelitian-penelitian terdahulu mengenai pengaruh dan arah hubungan beban kerja terhadap stres kerja. Selain itu dilatarbelakangi dengan adanya fenomena peningkatan rasio dan stres yang dialami sandwich generation di Indonesia pascapandemi COVID-19. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah karyawan yang bekerja dan bertempat tinggal di area Jabodetabek dan berstatus sebagai sandwich generation. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 220 responden dengan kuesioner sebagai media pengumpulan data responden. Metode analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) dengan menggunakan program SmartPLS versi 3.2.9. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) beban kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap stres kerja, (2) beban kerja berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kompensasi, (3) kompensasi berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap stres kerja, serta (4) beban kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap stres kerja yang dimediasi oleh kompensasi.

The growth of the technological epoch is marked by increasingly rapid technological advances that have given rise to increasingly competitive business competition. The phenomenon that occurs due to the increasingly sophisticated technological era causes companies to try to find ways and innovations for the sustainability of their businesses, especially in the banking sector. Lack of technological access to banking is one of the problems that causes a lack of public literacy to follow the development of digitalization in order to increase customer loyalty. Therefore, it is necessary for banking efforts to start following the development of digitalization and improving its performance in order to increase customer loyalty and attract customers so that they can maximize their profits. The purpose of this study was to examine whether 1) customer trust can affect customer loyalty. 2) customer satisfaction can affect customer loyalty. 3) customer experience can affect customer loyalty. 4) service quality can affect customer loyalty. Data were obtained using a questionnaire method and processed using Partial Least Square - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the sample was selected using the non-probability sampling method on 140 digital bank customer respondents in Jakarta with convenience sampling techniques. The results of this study indicate that customer satisfaction, customer experience, and customer quality have a significant influence on customer loyalty, while customer trust does not have a significant influence on customer loyalty. Peningkatan pada era teknologi ditandai dengan kemajuan teknologi yang semakin pesat memunculkan adanya persaingan bisnis yang semakin kompetitif. Fenomena yang terjadi akibat era teknologi yang semakin canggih menyebabkan perusahaan berusaha mencari cara dan inovasi untuk keberlanjutan usahanya terutama di bidang perbankan. Kurangnya akses teknologi ke perbankan merupakan salah satu masalah yang menyebabkan kurangnya literasi masyarakat untuk mengikuti perkembangan digitalisasi agar dapat meningkatkan loyalitas pelanggan. Oleh sebab itu, perlunya upaya perbankan untuk mulai mengikuti perkembangan digitalisasi dan memperbaiki kinerjanya agar dapat meningkatkan loyalitas pelanggan dan menarik hati pelanggan sehingga dapat memaksimalkan keuntungannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti apakah 1) kepercayaan pelanggan dapat memengaruhi loyalitas pelanggan. 2) kepuasan pelanggan dapat memengaruhi loyalitas pelanggan. 3) pengalaman pelanggan dapat memengaruhi loyalitas pelanggan. 4) kualitas layanan dapat memengaruhi loyalitas pelanggan. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode kuisioner dan dioleh menggunakan Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), sampel dipilih dengan menggunakan metode non-probability sampling pada 140 responden nasabah bank digital di Jakarta dengan teknik convenience sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan pelanggan, pengalaman pelanggan, dan kualitas pelanggan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan, sedangkan kepercayaan pelanggan tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan.

The current generation of structural equation modeling (SEM) is loosely split in two divergent groups - covariance-based and variance-based structural equation modeling. The relative newness of variance-based SEM has limited the development of techniques that extend its applicability to non-metric data. This study focuses upon the extension of general linear model techniques within the variance-based platform of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). This modeling procedure receives it name through the iterative PLS‑SEM algorithm's estimates of the coefficients for the partial ordinary least squares regression models in both the measurement model and the overall structural model. This research addresses the following research questions: (1) What are the appropriate measures for data segmentation within PLS‑SEM? (2) What are the appropriate steps for the analysis of rank-ordered path coefficients within PLS‑SEM? and (3) What is an appropriate model selection index for PLS‑SEM? The limited type of data to which PLS-SEM is applicable suggests an opportunity to extend the method for use with different data and as a result a broader number of applications. This study develops and tests several methodologies that are prevalent in the general linear model (GLM). The proposed data segmentation approaches posited and tested through post hoc analysis of structural model. Monte Carlo simulation allows demonstrating the improvement of the proposed model fit indices in comparison to the established indices found within the SEM literature. These posited PLS methods, that are logical transfers of GLM methods, are tested using examples. These tests enable demonstrating the methods and recommending reporting requirements.

The paper empirically assesses the impact of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) training on academic staff’s intentions to adopt PLS-SEM software in their future research work. Our original contribution to knowledge is the application of the Technology Adoption Model (TAM) to study faculty intention to adopt SEM data analysis software in an under-researched context of developing country Higher Institution of Learning (HIL). Building upon the TAM, we developed a research model that conceptualises PLS-SEM training as an external variable that affects the technology adoption process. The research model was tested using data from 34 faculty members who fully participated in a PLS-SEM training workshop at the College of Technology Education, Kumasi (COLTEK) of University of Education, Winneba. The data was analysed using SmartPLS 2.0 for PLS-SEM analysis. The findings indicate that PLS-SEM training has a positive impact on faculty members’ intentions to use the PLS-SEM software in future research. Moreover, the findings confirm the applicability and efficacy of the TAM framework that it can predict about 86% of faculty members’ intention to adopt data analysis software. This paper is one of the initial studies into the adoption of SEM data analysis software by the research community in developing countries HIL context. Despite its limitations, the paper offers important theoretical and managerial contributions. It contributes to the literature in the area of adoption of SEM data analysis software in the information systems literature.

This research aims to examine and analyze the influence of job satisfaction, learning agility and work engagement on salespeople turnover intention in the automotive sector. This study uses a quantitative approach, collecting data from 113 respondents in a sample using questionnaires. Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 3.0 software was used for data analysis and hypothesis testing in this research.. The findings of research on turnover intention show that job satisfaction and learning agility have a direct and significant influence on turnover intention. Meanwhile, the results of research on employee engagement do not have a significant direct influence on turnover intention, and work engagement cannot mediate between job satisfaction and learning agility on sales force turnover intention in the automotive sector.

Taxation plays a crucial role as the largest source of income for governments, including local governments such as Mimika Regency, Papua Province. Therefore, the impact of Tax Socialization, Taxpayer Compliance and Awareness, and Service Quality on Taxpayer Service Performance remains relevant to be studied. This study employs an empirical test with 100 taxpayer respondents in Mimika Regency, Papua Province, Indonesia. Hypothesis testing was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling – Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results of the test prove that service quality, tax socialization, and taxpayer awareness have a positive influence on taxpayer compliance. Service quality, tax socialization, and taxpayer awareness also have a positive influence on service performance. Taxpayer compliance does not have a positive influence on service performance, but taxpayer awareness does. The theoretical implications of this research information serve as a guide for researchers to develop tax and tax knowledge, and the determinants of non-compliance can be used for future research. From a policy maker's perspective, this information will assist tax authorities in developing tax education programs.

The Regional Revenue Agency is a regional government organization that regulates and manages regional taxes and levies. The target population in this research is the civil servants of the Situbondo Regional Revenue Agency. There were 40 respondents in this study. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. Data analysis and hypothesis testing in this research used the Partial Least Square - Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM). Organizational culture, work environment, and work motivation are essential components in maintaining the stability of employee performance. This research aims to determine the influence of these factors on performance through job satisfaction as an intervening variable. The results of the direct influence hypothesis test using the Smart PLS 3.0 application show that organizational culture has a positive but not significant effect on job satisfaction, the work environment has a positive but not significant effect on job satisfaction, work motivation has a negative but not significant effect on job satisfaction, organizational culture has a significant positive effect on performance, work environment has a significant positive effect on performance, work motivation has a negative but not significant effect on performance, and job satisfaction has a positive but not significant effect on performance. Then, the results of the indirect effect hypothesis test show that the organizational culture variable on performance through job satisfaction has a positive but not significant effect, the work environment on performance through job satisfaction has a positive but not significant effect, work motivation on performance through job satisfaction has a negative but not significant effect.