Farmers' Perspective on Converting Their Paddy Fields in West Java Province

Appropriate spatial planning can be analysed by looking at its impact on water resources on a watershed scale through a hydrological modelling approach. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of land-use change and the spatial plan of the region in the Cimandiri watershed using Soil Water Analysis Tools (SWAT) hydrological modelling. The Cimandiri watershed (1,830 km2) is situated in West Java Province, Indonesia. This watershed has a strategic position because of its proximity to the Capital City of Jakarta. This study highlights the importance of hydrological response considerations in spatial planning. From 1994 to 2016, there has been a reduction of forest land cover (157.8 ha), paddy fields (688.5 ha) and plantations (216.4 ha). This land-use change affects the hydrological conditions of the Cimandiri Watershed. The results indicated that there was an increase in the surface flow of 8.7 mm/year (186.6 to 195.3 mm/year), from 1994 to 2016 while baseflow decreased from 781.64 to 777.7 mm/year. The verification models were in satisfactory categories (R2 0.62 and NSE 0.51). Therefore, this indicated hydrological conditions in 1994 were relatively better than in 2016. The simulation result on the spatial plan shows the surface runoff, and the base rate was 284.9 mm/year and 684.7 mm/year, respectively. Interestingly, land use proportion based on urban spatial planning generated relatively higher surface runoff and sediment yield compared to existing land use. Hence there should be a review of the existing urban spatial planning of Sukabumi Regency that was resulting in the worst hydrological response based on SWAT model.

The policy of sustainable protection of agricultural land becomes crucial in addressing land degradation and land use conversion, especially from agriculture to non-agriculture, alongside the increasing demand for land due to population growth and economic development, which can lead to negative impacts such as a decrease in food security, marginalization of agricultural land, and an increase in flood risks. This research aims to analyze the implementation of the Sustainable Protection of Food Agricultural Land Policy, understand the rate of paddy field conversion, and identify trends in land conversion after the policy's enforcement. This study employs a qualitative approach, with data obtained through interviews, observations, and documentary studies. The research is conducted in Bandung Regency, with samples taken from Cikancung Sub-district, Bandung Regency, West Java Province. Informants involved in this research are selected through judgment sampling and are individuals related to the sustainable protection of agricultural land policy and relevant stakeholders. Data analysis is conducted using qualitative and spatial analysis. The research findings indicate that the implementation of sustainable agricultural land protection policy in Bandung Regency is still in the socialization and planning stages. Based on spatial analysis, the implementation of the policy in Cikancung Sub-district has led to the conversion of paddy fields, particularly in non-technical irrigation paddy fields, predominantly converted into industrial land. This conversion covers a total area of 20.3 hectares, with the most significant change occurring in non-technical irrigation paddy fields converted into industries, covering an area of 13.7 hectares. Based on internal, external, and policy analysis, it can be concluded that the policy implementation in Cikancung Sub-district has not been optimal in addressing the conversion of paddy fields.

The study aims to analyze the land-use changes from paddy fields to non-paddy fields, examine the future sustainability of the paddy fields, and analyze the impact of the paddy fields’ conversion on the socio-economic and environmental aspects. The study was carried out at Ciampea Sub-district, Bogor Regency, West Java Province. Conversion of paddy fields was analyzed through visual interpretation of Ciampea Sub-district 2016 and 2019 imageries using GIS software of ArcGIS 10.5. and later was used to measure the average annual conversion rate and predict the future sustainability of the paddy field, and to measure the impact of the land conversion using the economic valuation method (financial analysis and replacement cost approach). The results showed that, first, during the year of 2016 to 2019, the paddy fields in Ciampea Sub-district transformations were dominated by settlements. Second, the conversion rate was relatively high, by 51.45 hectares per annum. Third, the impact of reduction of paddy field area was relatively high: a potential loss of 3,098.06 tons of food crop production. Meanwhile, the cost for replacing the function of flood, erosion, and sedimentation control reached IDR 257.68 billion.

Depok City has a role as one of the buffer cities in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA). Therefore, it has been projected as a residential area and inter-city connection. The latter encourages development resulting in land conversion. If land conversion occurs uncontrollably, it will pose an environmental threat and affect the economic and social conditions, such as decreasing food security capacity and augmenting exclusion and marginalization of the urban poor. Depok City Government has stipulated local regulation on the City Spatial Plan (RTRW), which controls land resource allocation and reference for spatial planning and regional development to integrate and guide all activities related to development. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the development level in Depok City and the impact of RTRW on the development level in Depok City. This study uses a composite index to determine the regional development level and a chi-square test to see the correlation between RTRW regulation and regional development level. Depok City is developing to the north, south, and southeast. RTRW has encouraged regional development in Depok City, although there exist disparities in development levels throughout the region.

One of the infectious diseases that have high morbidity and mortality rates is Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) which is transmitted through the bite of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. In West Java Province, dengue cases fluctuated. So it is necessary to analyze and review the influence of weather on dengue cases in West Java Province with the pattern and prevalence of dengue cases in all cities and districts in West Java Province. This type of research is quantitative descriptive research by making exploratory observations and producing something general with a Geographic Information System approach. The location of this research is in all 27 districts and cities in West Java Province. Data on dengue cases in West Java Province is accessed from the West Java Provincial Health Office on the West Java Open Data platform (https://opendata.jabarprov.go.id/). Then the population data of West Java Province can be accessed at the Central Statistics Agency of West Java Province on the https://jabar.bps.go.id/ platform. Analysis of this research data for incidence is calculated by dividing the number of cases divided by the population and then multiplying by one hundred thousand, while the prevalence can be calculated by dividing the number of cases divided by the population and then multiplying by a thousand, and mapping using QGIS 3.16. From 2014 – 2020, the highest cases were in the city of Bandung and the highest prevalence was in the city of Sukabumi. there is a relationship between rainfall and DHF cases in West Java Province in 2014 - 2020 with a moderate correlation strength where rainfall plays a role in the incidence of DHF cases but is not absolute because it can still be influenced by other factors.

The application of Geographic Information System (GIS) in animal husbandry incorporates data on grazing variation and excretion behavior in ruminant species, information on various forms of land use, grasslands, and grazing management with agropastoral systems. This study aimed to 1) identify, inventory, and map land parameters from geographical conditions; 2) determine potential base areas for beef cattle development businesses in West Java Province; and 3) calculate the potential availability of forage feed from agricultural waste. This research was conducted from July 2020 to August 2021 in four districts in West Java Province, namely Cirebon, Majalengka, Indramayu, and Ciamis. Secondary data from 2016 until 2020, were taken by the Central Bureau of Statistics of each region. Data analysis includes 1) land cover mapping supported by (GIS), 2) air temperature and air humidity index (THI) suitable for beef cattle, and 3) agricultural waste carrying capacity (CC) and carrying capacity index (IK) for beef cattle. The results of land cover mapping show that shrubs, forests, and fallow land in the four districts can be used for fodder grass cultivation. In contrast, paddy fields, rainfed rice fields, and drylands produce agricultural waste as a source of fodder forage. THI values of 79.69 - 83.08 are suitable for beef cattle development. Based on the results of inventory and mapping conducted by CCI, it can be concluded that 30 sub-districts from four districts in West Java Province are potential areas for beef cattle development. CC agricultural waste can increase the availability of forage feed for cattle.

There is a paucity of studies investigating the spatial pattern and factors associated with the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in Java. This study aimed to identify spatial autocorrelation, clusters, and factors associated with TB prevalence in Java using district- or city-level data. This was an ecological study using data from 118 districts or cities across six provinces in Java. Spatial analyses (i.e., Global Moran’s I, Local Indicator Spatial Autocorrelation [LISA], and Geographically Weighted Regression [GWR]) were used. This study found positive spatial autocorrelation of TB prevalence in Java (Global Moran’s I = .45, p = .001). Statistically significant high-high clusters (p < .05) were identified in some districts within the capital city of Jakarta, Banten, and West Java provinces. The GWR model with the Bi-square Kernel weighting function was selected as the best model to predict the prevalence of TB (R2 = 37.50%, AIC = -59.94%). Findings from the GWR model indicate that the average number of years in education, the percentages of households with floor space per capita < 8 m2 and reporting easy access to health care facilities were associated with the prevalence of TB in some districts within West and Central Java provinces. Therefore, considering district differences in factors associated with TB prevalence, locally-focused interventions are worth considering.

As one of Indonesia’s traditional Islamic education institutions that grow out of society’s needs, Islamic boarding schools generally have not had many discussions regarding the environment. The present paper aims to describe the existing environmental condition regarding the level of understanding of the students within an Islamic boarding school regarding environmentally friendly culture, programs and activities. Secondly, to establish if social interventions carried out by the government related to the development of environmentally friendly culture can support the realization of environmental quality improvement. This research was conducted in two Islamic boarding schools in West Java and North Sulawesi Provinces; Al Ittifaq Ciwidey Islamic Boarding School, Bandung, West Java Province, and Assalaam Manado Islamic Boarding School in North Sulawesi Province. Each was chosen to represent the regions of West Indonesia (Pesantren Al Ittifaq) and East Indonesia (Pesantren Assalaam). The data collected consisted of primary data and secondary data. The scope of the data to be collected included aspects related to the effort to create an Islamic boarding school that is environmentally friendly. In practice, this study used several data analysis methods, including a review of literature, descriptive analysis, and focused discussions. The strategy of social intervention in the form of Eco-Pesantren programs carried out by the government can be a formula for developing environmentally friendly Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia regarding sustainability. One of the critical aspects of developing an environmentally sound Islamic boarding school is the integration of the principles of environmental awareness and sustainability into the curriculum.

The aim of this research is to analyze: situational leadership behavior, organizational culture and productivity of vocational training institutes in west Java Province. The correlation between situational leadership behavior and organizational culture at vocational training institutes, the effect of situational leadership behavior and organizational culture toward productivity of vocational training institutes in west Java Province. This research uses organizational behavior and human resources management approach. The type of the research is descriptive and verificative, while the method used both descriptive and explanatory survey. Investigation type is casualty and time horizon in cross sectional. The sample size used is proportionate sampling by taking sample 115 vocational training institute of spread over 19 locations totally, all its population counted 719 vocational training institutes in west Java Province. The data analyzed by descriptive analytic and path analysis. The result of research shows, 1) situational leadership behavior and organizational culture in generalities, rather high score and the productivity at vocational training institutes to society, cooperation with company or industry in training program development, and placement of training graduate assessed by rather low, 2) there is correlation which significant between situational leadership behavior and organizational at vocational training institutes in west Java Province, 3) situational leadership behavior, organizational culture has significant effect simultaneously and partially productivity of vocational training institutes in west Java Province.

This study aims to find out the evidence about the influence of health sector government spending and the education sector on the Human Development Index (HDI) of Districts and Cities in West Java Province. The type of data used is secondary data obtained from the realization of expenditures based on health and education functions in West Java Province. The analytical method used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis using simple least squares method (OLS). Data used is the data period of 2011-2016. The results of this analysis indicate that health sector government expenditure realization variables have a significant positive effect on the District and City Human Development Index (HDI) in West Java Province, while the results of the analysis for the realization variable of government expenditure in the education sector have no effect and are not significant to the Human Development Index (HDI) of the District and City in West Java Province. Taken together the realization variables of government spending in the health sector and education sector have a significant and significant impact on the Human Development Index (HDI) of Districts and Cities in West Java Province.

This study aims to determine the analysis of the effect of the unemployment rate and minimum wage on the poverty rate in the province of West Java in 2015 – 2019. This type of research uses quantitative data analysis. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The secondary data used in this study is panel data that uses a combination of time series (time series) from 2015 - 2019 and a cross section of 6 cities in West Java Province and succeeded in producing 30 observations. Panel Data Regression Calculation using Eviews 9 software.
 The results of the study indicate that the Unemployment Rate has a positive and insignificant effect on the Poverty Level in the province of West Java. It can be seen from the results where the coefficient value is 0.016342 with a probability value of 0.9232 > 0.05. The Minimum Wage has a negative and significant effect on the Poverty Level in the province of West Java. It can be seen from the results of data processing where the coefficient value is - 1.472288 and the probability value is 0.0000 < 0.05. The panel regression equation is known to have a constant of 9.807146, the Unemployment Rate and Minimum Wage Variables have an effect on the Poverty Level with a probability value of F-statistics 0.0000 < 0.05, and the coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.980167. That is, the independent variable (Unemployment Rate and Minimum Wage) is able to explain the dependent variable (Poverty Level) of 98.01% and the remaining 1.99% is explained by other variables outside the model.

Iodine deficiency has been known to have adverse impact on human resources. Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) range from reproductive failure to the impairment of intellectual and productivity. A survey in 1982 found that iodine deficiency was spread all over the islands in lndonesia. Therefore, the government of Indonesia has been intensifying the programs to control IDD. However, the national data of IDD are available only from the IDD survey in 1982. In order to design a sound planning the government needs up dated data. Since 1995 the government of Indont!sia has been conducting the IDD mapping in all provinces in Indonesia. One of them is the IDD survey in the province of West Java. This article aims to present the status of iodine sufficiency in the body of school-children and pregnant women from the IDD survey in West Java. The study was designed to provide information that represents iodine status at kabupaten (district) level. It was curried out in all kecamatan (sub-district) in the province of West Java. In each kecamatan 20% of the villages are randomly selected. It covered 40 to 102 villages in each district. Within each sub-district 300 schoolchildren aged 6-12 years were examined. These children were distributed equally in each the selected villages within the sub-district. One elementary school was randomly selected from each selected village. At least 300 schoolchildren divided by the amount of selected villages within the kecamatan were proportionally selected from each grade. Tlte number of sample pregnant women needed from each district is 300. The number of sample pregnant women in each kecamatan is 300 divided by the number of sub-district within the district. These samples are distributed equally in the villllges within each sub-district. The data were goitre rate, iodine excreted in the urine (UIE) and the level of blood TSH of pregnant women. The classification of iodine deficiency endemic area from WHO was employed in the analysis. It was found that based on the TGR in schoolchildren the province of West Java was classified as a non-endemic goitre area. However, based on the UIE it was classified as a mild iodine deficiency area. At the district level the TGR in school children was positively highly correlated with the TGR in pregnant women (0,8). The median of UTE was negatively highly correlated with the TGR in pregnant women and the TGR in schoolchildren. The median TSH was negatively correlated with median UIE but not with TGR either of schoolchildren or of pregnant women.

Spatial regression analysis is a form of regression model that considers spatial effects. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) is the spatial regression methods that can be used to deal with the problem of spatial diversity. This method generates local model parameter estimates for each observation location. The application of spatial statistics can be done in all areas such as the problem of poverty. Poverty can be influenced by factors of proximity between regions, so that in determining the poverty factor, the proximity factor of the region cannot be ignored. West Java Province is a province with the largest population, so this study aims to model the poverty data in West Java Province by incorporating spatial effects. The weighting function used for the GWR model is the function of the fixed and adaptive kernels. The analysis results show that the fixed exponential kernel function has the smallest cross validation (CV) value, so the weighting matrix used in the model is determined by the exponential kernel function. The largest value and the smallest AIC value are owned by the GWR model with an exponential kernel function. Based on the results obtained by the the ANOVA table to test GWR's global goodness, the GWR model is more effective than global regression. Therefore, the GWR model is the best model when it used in West Java’s poverty cases. The effect of each explanatory variable on the percentage of poverty varies in each district/city in West Java Province.

The government continues to carry out poverty reduction strategies in Indonesia, especially in West Java Province. West Java Province is a province that has the most populous population in Indonesia. This will affect the level of welfare and the amount of poverty. The strategy undertaken is inseparable from accurate poverty data and is available from year to year. Even from the available data, the government can forecast the number of poor people in the coming years. Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) method is one of forecasting methods. SARIMA is the development of the ARIMA model which has a seasonal effect. Based on the results of the study, that poverty data forecasting in the province of West Java using the SARIMA method obtained SARIMA model (0,1,1) (1,1,1)4. This model is the best model for forecasting data with an R-Squared value of 98%, Mean Square Error is 7.705.5800.000 and Mean Absolute Percentage Error IS 2,81%. It’s means this SARIMA model is very good in predicting poverty data in West Java Province.

The Indonesian Ministry of Health has reported an alarming increase in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) cases, particularly in West Java Province. Given this trend, collaborative research and surveillance efforts are crucial to understanding and managing DHF cases in Indonesia. The panel data regression model in dengue fever cases will provide new insights into modeling. This research aimed to identify the most appropriate random effects model for estimating a dataset with four different variables. This study involved panel data variables on the effect of population density, percentage of poor people, percentage of households with access to clean water, and proper sanitation on DHF cases in West Java Province. This method emphasized selecting the best model from one-way and two-way Random Effects (RE) models and identifying what factors influenced the increase of DHF cases in West Java province. The best model obtained was a two-way RE Model with three significant variables. Based on the selected variables in the model, West Java Province needs to pay attention to the distribution of housing and economic activity in each district because population density is a crucial concern for the local government.