Fault Diagnosis for Rotating Machinery Using Vibration Measurement Deep Statistical Feature Learning

Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type of lung cancer, and the most common genetic markers for it are mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) and the Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) gene. The objective of this paper was to predict the EGFR and KRAS mutation status, given CT features, by using machine learning models. Features extracted from 144 CT scans of the tumor area included statistical, shape, pathological, and deep learning features. The ResNet-34 neural network was used to extract deep learning features. All features were fed into machine learning models (random forest, logistic regression, support vector machine) and evaluated with 10-fold cross validation, confusion matrices, and the area under the ROC curves. P-values were calculated through t-testing and Mann-Whitley rank-sum testing, proving a significant statistical difference between mutated and non mutated genes. Between predicting EGFR and KRAS mutations, all machine learning models performed better in predicting EGFR mutations. In predicting EGFR mutation, the logistic regression (AUC =0.85) and support vector machine (AUC =0.84) machine learning models performed best. In predicting KRAS mutations, the machine learning models performed sub-optimally, with the best performance from the support vector machine (AUC =0.73). By calculating permutation feature importance, it can be seen that the inclusion of deep learning features aided in the machine learning models' performance.Overall, machine learning algorithms, if optimized and provided with more data, could prove useful in predicting EGFR and KRAS mutation status in NSCLC patients, saving time and money.

A comparative study of statistical, radiomics, and deep learning feature extraction techniques for medical image classification in optical and radiological modalities.

PurposeTo differentiate complicated appendicitis (CA) from uncomplicated appendicitis (UA) in children, we developed and validated an artificial intelligence (AI) model using a multimodal approach integrating ultrasound images and clinical data.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on 372 pathologically confirmed pediatric appendicitis cases (230 male, 142 female) from three centers, all with preoperative abdominal ultrasound. Deep learning (DL) features and radiomic features were extracted from appendiceal ultrasound images using deep transfer learning (DTL) and conventional radiomic methods, respectively. We selected 12 radiomic features, 9 DL features, and 3 clinical features—namely, white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (NEU), and C-reactive protein (CRP)—for building the machine learning classification model. Based on these features, four distinct models were constructed: the Rad model (radiomic features only), the DL model (DL features only), the DTL model (combined radiomic and DL features), and the Combine model (integrating all three feature types: radiomic, DL, and clinical features). Model performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, decision curve analysis (DCA), and the DeLong test. Finally, the combined model was compared to the performance of clinicians with varying levels of experience.ResultsThe combined model demonstrated consistently favorable performance across all cohorts (AUC: 0.940, 0.895, 0.866, and 0.783 for training and validation sets, respectively). The model's accuracy (0.862) and positive predictive value (0.896) were comparable to senior surgeons (0.741, 0.970) and superior to junior surgeons (0.672, 0.865) in the internal validation cohort. DCA confirmed the clinical utility of the combined model over conventional strategies.ConclusionOur ultrasound-based AI model provides reliable differentiation between CA and UA in children, offering potential value as a diagnostic support tool for clinical decision making.

An integrated model combined intra- and peritumoral regions for predicting chemoradiation response of non small cell lung cancers based on radiomics and deep learning

Rationale and ObjectivesAccurate prediction of microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is crucial for guiding treatment. This study evaluates and compares the performance of clinicoradiologic, traditional radiomics, deep learning radiomics, feature fusion, and decision fusion models based on multi-region MR habitat imaging using six machine learning classifiers. Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively included 300 HCC patients. The intratumoral and peritumoral regions were segmented into distinct habitats, from which radiomics and deep learning features were extracted using arterial phase MR images. To reduce feature dimensionality, we applied intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) filtering, and recursive feature elimination (RFE). Based on the selected optimal features, prediction models were constructed using decision tree (DT), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and XGBoost (XGB) classifiers. Additionally, fusion models were developed utilizing both feature fusion and decision fusion strategies. The performance of these models was validated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis. ResultsThe decision fusion model (VOI-Peri10-1) using LR and integrating clinicoradiologic, radiomics, and deep learning features achieved the highest AUC of 0.808 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.807–0.912) in the test cohort, with good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, P > 0.050) and clinical net benefit. ConclusionThe LR-based decision fusion model integrating clinicoradiologic, radiomics, and deep learning features shows promise for preoperative prediction of MVI in HCC, aiding in patient outcome predictions and personalized treatment planning.

Alcohol craving can cause many problems for people's life. However, there are very few related works doing alcohol prediction based on physiological data, except some from our lab. The goal of this research is to predict whether people have alcohol drinking or not from real physiological data in order to help them with drinking problems. The raw physiological data in this work include skin temperature, heart rate, galvanic skin response (GSR), steps, and calories. The data was collected from 29 users with basic watch and the reading frequency is one record per minute. In this thesis, three data analysis pipelines, drinking record prediction pipeline, drinking episode statistical pipeline, and drinking episode deep learning pipeline, are implemented. The drinking record prediction pipeline is doing prediction based on oneminute record. The drinking episode pipeline is doing prediction based on thirty-minute episode. Statistical features are extracted from the thirty-minute data blocks. The drinking episode deep learning pipeline is doing prediction based on thirty-minute episode as well. In this deep learning pipeline, one dimensional signal is converted to spectrum graph. Then use Cifar 10 model to extract deep learning features from the spectrum graph. After that apply machine learning methods on the deep learning features to do the classification. Within-user and cross user experiments are conducted in this thesis because different users may have different reaction to alcohol. Different models are found for different users and general model is discovered for cross-users. Balanced data is used for training and testing, so the baseline accuracy is 50 percent. The accuracy for within-user is up to 88.89 Percent and the accuracy for cross-user is 75.68 Percent, which indicates that the withinuser result is much better than cross-user result. In order to find the most significant feature in alcohol drinking prediction, experiments are also conducted on skin temperature only features, heart rate only features, and GSR only features. The results show that heart rate contributes most in the alcohol drinking prediction.

ObjectiveThis study aims to create a reliable framework for grading esophageal cancer. The framework combines feature extraction, deep learning with attention mechanisms, and radiomics to ensure accuracy, interpretability, and practical use in tumor analysis.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study used data from 2,560 esophageal cancer patients across multiple clinical centers, collected from 2018 to 2023. The dataset included CT scan images and clinical information, representing a variety of cancer grades and types. Standardized CT imaging protocols were followed, and experienced radiologists manually segmented the tumor regions. Only high-quality data were used in the study. A total of 215 radiomic features were extracted using the SERA platform. The study used two deep learning models—DenseNet121 and EfficientNet-B0—enhanced with attention mechanisms to improve accuracy. A combined classification approach used both radiomic and deep learning features, and machine learning models like Random Forest, XGBoost, and CatBoost were applied. These models were validated with strict training and testing procedures to ensure effective cancer grading.ResultsThis study analyzed the reliability and performance of radiomic and deep learning features for grading esophageal cancer. Radiomic features were classified into four reliability levels based on their ICC (Intraclass Correlation) values. Most of the features had excellent (ICC > 0.90) or good (0.75 < ICC ≤ 0.90) reliability. Deep learning features extracted from DenseNet121 and EfficientNet-B0 were also categorized, and some of them showed poor reliability. The machine learning models, including XGBoost and CatBoost, were tested for their ability to grade cancer. XGBoost with Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) gave the best results for radiomic features, with an AUC (Area Under the Curve) of 91.36%. For deep learning features, XGBoost with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) gave the best results using DenseNet121, while CatBoost with RFE performed best with EfficientNet-B0, achieving an AUC of 94.20%. Combining radiomic and deep features led to significant improvements, with XGBoost achieving the highest AUC of 96.70%, accuracy of 96.71%, and sensitivity of 95.44%. The combination of both DenseNet121 and EfficientNet-B0 models in ensemble models achieved the best overall performance, with an AUC of 95.14% and accuracy of 94.88%.ConclusionsThis study improves esophageal cancer grading by combining radiomics and deep learning. It enhances diagnostic accuracy, reproducibility, and interpretability, while also helping in personalized treatment planning through better tumor characterization.Clinical trial numberNot applicable.

Along with the popularity of intelligent services and mobile services, service recommendation has become a key task, especially the task based on quality-of-service (QoS) in edge computing environment. Most existing service recommendation methods have some serious defects, and cannot be directly adopted in edge computing environment. For example, most of existing methods cannot learn deep features of users or services, but in edge computing environment, there are a variety of devices with different configurations and different functions, and it is necessary to learn deep features behind those complex devices. In order to fully utilize hidden features, this paper proposes a new matrix factorization (MF) model with deep features learning, which integrates a convolutional neural network (CNN). The proposed mode is named Joint CNN-MF (JCM). JCM is capable of using the learned deep latent features of neighbors to infer the features of a user or a service. Meanwhile, to improve the accuracy of neighbors selection, the proposed model contains a novel similarity computation method. CNN learns the neighbors features, forms a feature matrix and infers the features of the target user or target service. We conducted experiments on a real-world service dataset under a batch of cases of data densities, to reflect the complex invocation cases in edge computing environment. The experimental results verify that compared to counterpart methods, our method can consistently achieve higher QoS prediction results.

Sentiment analysis is an important task in the field of big data and artificial intelligence and has a wide range of real-world applications. The majority of current approaches, however, attempt to detect the overall polarity of a sentence, or text span, irrespective of the entities mentioned and their aspects. A typical way for solve this is to employ a classifier that learns to identify the polarity labels given input text. Such methods require amount of training examples which were manually constructed. While most work in text mining in the field of sentiment analysis domain focus on the use of supervised machine learning technologies, in this paper, we investigate on aspect-based sentiment analysis for mobile game reviews. Our method integrates both deep learning learned features and support vector machines. The deep learning feature is mainly derived from inducting word relations in Wikipedia and the collected in-domain text. To prevent from assessing unknown missing words, we design a fuzzy-based approach to capture word-level sentiment scores. By using a fuzzy-based soft computing strategy with a small lexicon allows us to produce a system with better accuracy and precision than pure machine learning such as Naive Bayes and SVMs. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we conduct the experimental results on the collected Mobile game reviews. These results show that our method outperforms supervised systems. One good property of this method is that it does not need to perform Chinese word segmentation in testing time.

Deep learning and transformer-based feature fusion of conventional MRI for differentiating spinal osteolytic bone metastases and multiple myeloma.

Basketball shooting angle calculation and analysis by deeply-learned vision model

The objective of this study is to investigate the value of radiomics features and deep learning features based on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in predicting perineural invasion (PNI) in rectal cancer. We retrospectively collected 120 rectal cancer (56 PNI-positive patients 64 PNI-negative patients) patients with preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT examination and randomly divided them into training and validation sets at a 7:3 ratio. We also collected 31 rectal cancer patients from two other hospitals as an independent external validation set. χ2 test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze PET metabolic parameters. PET/CT images were utilized to extract radiomics features and deep learning features. The Mann-Whitney U test and LASSO were employed to select valuable features. Metabolic parameter, radiomics, deep learning and combined models were constructed. ROC curves were generated to evaluate the performance of models. The results indicate that metabolic tumor volume (MTV) is correlated with PNI (P = 0.001). In the training set and validation set, the AUC values of the metabolic parameter model were 0.673 (95%CI: 0.572-0.773), 0.748 (95%CI: 0.599-0.896). We selected 16 radiomics features and 17 deep learning features as valuable factors for predicting PNI. The AUC values of radiomics model and deep learning model were 0.768 (95%CI: 0.667-0.868) and 0.860 (95%CI: 0.780-0.940) in the training set. And the AUC values in the validation set were 0.803 (95%CI: 0.656-0.950) and 0.854 (95% CI 0.721-0.987). Finally, the combined model exhibited AUCs of 0.893 (95%CI: 0.825-0.961) in the training set and 0.883 (95%CI: 0.775-0.990) in the validation set. In the external validation set, the combined model achieved an AUC of 0.829 (95% CI: 0.674-0.984), outperforming each individual model. The decision curve analysis of these models indicated that using the combined model to guide treatment provided a substantial net benefit. This combined model established by integrating PET metabolic parameters, radiomics features, and deep learning features can accurately predict the PNI in rectal cancer.

The complementarity of a diverse range of deep learning features extracted from video content for video recommendation

Skeleton-based deep pose feature learning for action quality assessment on figure skating videos

BackgroundIdentifying predictive markers for immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is critical for personalized treatment. This study aimed to construct a predictive model that integrates clinical features, enhanced computed tomography (CT)-radiomics, and deep learning (DL) features for the assessment of durable clinical benefit (DCB) from immunotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC and to provide biological interpretability to predictions by integrating radiogenomic data.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 201 advanced NSCLC patients who underwent immunotherapy with CT images, with data supplemented from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). Radiomics features (RFs) were extracted from enhanced CT images, and DL features were derived using a pre-trained ResNet-34 model. DCB-related signatures were constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm, and fusion nomogram models were developed by integrating significant clinical variables, radiomics, and DL features. Shapley additive explanations were employed to quantify the impact of radiomics-DL features on model predictions. Gene set enrichment and biological correlation analyses based on transcriptomic TCIA data were performed to explore the biological significance of radiomics-DL score.ResultsStatistically significant clinical predictors included initial efficacy, brain metastases, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, and hemoglobin levels. The fusion nomogram model demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy for DCB, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.843 in the train cohort and 0.894 in the test cohort, surpassing individual feature sets. Biological exploration revealed associations between radiomics-DL score and biological characteristics, including immune responses and immunoregulation.ConclusionsThis integrated approach shows the potential of combining clinical, radiomics and deep learning features (DLFs) as a noninvasive biomarker for predicting immunotherapy efficacy in NSCLC, assisting in patient selection and clinical decision-making. Radiotranscriptomic analysis may reveal key cellular and immune patterns associated with radiomics-DL signature.