FDR’s Green Light Letter: Simple Decision, Complex Consequences

Événement(s) lié(s) : - Réunion annuelle de la Société canadienne de phytopathologie; Québec (FRA) - (2006)

Annual Meeting, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 2009

Ensuring Equitable Access to School Meals

Foreword Michael J. Lacey Part I. Knowledge and Government: 1. Social investigation, social knowledge, and the state: an introduction Michael J. Lacey and Mary O. Furner 2. The science of the legislator: the Enlightenment heritage Donald Winch Part II. Empiricism and the New Liberalism: 3. Experts, investigators, and the state in 1860: British social scientists through American eyes Lawrence Goldman 4. The world of the bureaus: government and the positivist project in the late nineteenth century Michael J. Lacey 5. The republican tradition and the new liberalism: social investigation, state building, and social learning in the gilded age Mary O. Furner 6. The state and social investigation in Britain, 1880-1914 Roger Davidson Part III. Pluralism, Skepticism, and the Modern State: 7. Think tanks, antistatism, and democracy: the nonpartisan ideal and policy research in the United States, 1913-1987 Donald T. Critchlow 8. Social investigation and political learning in the financing of World War I W. Elliot Brownlee 9. The state and social investigation in Britain between the world wars Barry Supple 10. War mobilization, institutional learning, and state building in the United States, 1917-1941 Robert D. Cuff Index.

Food vs Biofuel

Biological control of seedling damping-off with fish emulsion derived from menhaden fish. P.A. Abbasi, K.L. Conn, R. Earl, and G. Lazarovits. Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada. Fungitoxicity of smoke from some Ghanaian medicinal plants. R. Addai. Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box KS 13128, Adum, Kumasi, Ghana. Efficacy of OxiDateTM for control of potato storage pathogens. K.I. Al-Mughrabi. Potato Development Centre, New Brunswick Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture, 39 Barker Lane, Wicklow, NB E7L 3S4, Canada. Biological control of Carthamus lanatus in Australia. G.J. Ash, N.S. Crump, A. Breen, E. Anschaw, R.O. Kennedy, J.D.I. Harper, A. Nikandrow, and D. Hailstones. Farrer Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (A.N.) Orange Agricultural Institute, New South Wales (NSW) Agriculture, Forest Road, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia; and (D.H.) Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Agriculture, Woodbridge Road, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia. Assessment of resistance to late blight within primitive cultivated Andigena potato lines. P. Audy, T. Somerville, and T. Mossman. Potato Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 850 Lincoln Road, P.O. Box 20280, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada. Validation of impaction-type spore sampler as a tool to estimate inoculum of Uncinula necator. R. Bacon, B. Talbot, and O. Carisse. (R.B., O.C.) Horticultural Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 430 Gouin Boulevard, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC J3B 3E6, Canada; and (R.B., B.T.) Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Université Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada. Identification and detection of fungi associated with root rot of soybean seedling in Eastern Canada. T. Barasubiye, C.A. Lévesque, A. Tenuta, S. Rioux, K. Seifert, T.R. Anderson, and E. Cober. Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; (A.T.) Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food, P.O. Box 400, Main Street, Ridgetown, ON N0P 2C0, Canada; (S.R.) Centre de recherche sur les grains, 2700 Einstein Street, Sainte-Foy, QC G1P 3W8, Canada; and (T.R.A.) Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2585 County Road 20, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada. Genetic diversity between Melampsora spp., causal agents of foliar rusts. M.J. Bergeron, M. Bourassa, D.L. Joly, and R.C. Hamelin. Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Sainte-Foy, QC G1V 4C7, Canada. Molecular diagnosis of Phytophthora ramorum by realtime polymerase chain reaction, using Taqman®, SybrGreen, and Molecular beacons. G. Bilodeau, C.A. Lévesque, A.W.A.M. De Cock, G. Kristjansson, J. McDonald, and R.C. Hamelin. Natural Resources Canada, QC G1V 4C7, Canada; (C.A.L.) Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; (A.W.A.M.D.C.) Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, NL-3508 AD Utrecht, Netherlands; and (G.K., J.M.) Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON K2H 8P9, Canada. Première observation du Melampsora larici-populina au Canada. M. Bourassa, L. Innes, L. Marchand, P. Frey et R.C. Hamelin. Service canadien des forêts, Ressources naturelles du Canada, Sainte-Foy, QC G1V 4C7, Canada; (L.I., L.M.) Direction de la conservation des forêts, ministère des Ressources naturelles du Québec, Sainte-Foy, QC G1P 3W8, Canada; et (P.F.) Institut national de la recherche agronomique – Nancy, Unité de pathologie forestière, 54280 Champenoux, France. Spatial distribution of ascospores of Venturia inaequalis within the tree canopy.O. Carisse and D. Rolland. Horticultural Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 430 Gouin Boulevard, Saint-Jean-sur- Richelieu, QC J3B 3E6, Canada. Incidence of iprodione-insensitive isolates of Botrytis squamosa. O. Carisse and M. Tremblay. Horticultural Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 430 Gouin Boulevard, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC J3B 3E6, Canada. The significance of ethylene in the interaction between Nicotiana tabacum and Colletotrichum destructivum. N. Chen, P.H. Goodwin, and T. Hsiang. Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Interactions between weakly and highly virulent strains of Leptosphaeria maculans, leading to induced resistance to black leg in canola. Y. Chen and W.G.D. Fernando. Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Optimization of geldanamycin production by Streptomyces melanosporofaciens strain EF-76, a biocontrol agent of plant diseases. N. Clermont and C. Beaulieu. Centre d’étude et de valorisation de la diversité microbienne, Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada. Reduction of potato scab with volatile fatty acids and acidified liquid swine manure in soil amendments. K.L. Conn, P.A. Abbasi, Y. Lin, and G. Lazarovits. Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada. Genetic and chemical control of Rhizoctonia solani on chickpea. E.B. Connor and R. Hall. Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. M13 DNA fragment as an external control to normalize quantification of fungal DNA from soil by real-time polymerase chain reaction. A.L. Dauch, A.K. Watson, and S.H. Jabaji-Hare. Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore Road, QC H9X 3V9, Canada. A satellite double-stranded RNA in hypovirulent isolates of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa. F. Deng and G.J. Boland. Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene on postharvest blue and gray molds of apples and pears. D. Errampalli. Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Vineland Station, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Vineland, ON L0R 2E0, Canada. Fusarium spp. in residues of cereal and noncereal crops grown in rotation in eastern Saskatchewan. M.R. Fernandez, P.G. Pearse, and G. Holzgang. Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, P.O. Box 1030, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada; and (P.G.P., G.H.) Saskatchewan Agriculture, Food and Rural Revitalization, 3085 Albert Street, Regina, SK S4S 0B1, Canada. Impact of rotation sequence on common root rot of wheat in the Brown soil zone of western Canada. M.R. Fernandez and R.P. Zentner. Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, P.O. Box 1030, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada. Temperature sensitivity of resistance genes to oat stem rust. T. Fetch. Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. Potential role of lipid-transfer proteins in resistance to snow mould in winter wheat. D.A. Gaudet, M. Frick, S. Huang, N. Foroud, B. Puchalski, T. Despins, F. Eudes, and A. Laroche. Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, P.O. Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. Pathotypes of Cochliobolus sativus in Manitoba. H. Ghazvini and A. Tekauz. Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. Persistence of Ascochyta rabiei in chickpea residue in Saskatchewan. B.D. Gossen. Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2 Canada. Effect of tillage management on diseases of canola in Saskatchewan. B.D. Gossen and H.R. Kutcher. Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada. Soluble invertase, and not invertase bound to cell wall, supplies hexose from wheat to powdery mildew. D.L. Greenshields, F. Wang, G. Selvaraj, and Y. Wei. Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; and (G.S.) Plant Biotechnology Institute, National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada. Characterization of Rhizoctonia solani infecting lettuce in Germany. R. Grosch, J.H.M. Schneider, and A. Kofoet. Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Echtermeyer Weg 1, D-14979 Großbeeren, Germany; and (J.H.M.S.) Institute of Sugar Beet Research, P.O. Box 32, 4600 AA Bergen op Zoom, Netherlands. Fungi associated with the European pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda, in southern Ontario. G. Hausner, C.N. Davis, E.A. Gibb, J. Reid, and A.A. Hopkin. Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (C.N.D., A.A.H.) Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street, Sault Sainte Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada; and (J.R.) Senior Scholar, Department of Botany, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Godronia canker of lowbush blueberry. P.D. Hilderbrand, W.E. Renderos, R.J. Davies, and K.B. McRae. Atlantic Food and Horticulture Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 32 Main Street, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. Use of polymerase chain reaction – single–strand conformational polymorphism analysis to monitor impacts of biocontrol agents on selected microbial populations in soybean crops.R. Hogue, E. Plante, I. Larouche, R. Jeannotte, and N. Daigle. Institut de recherche et de développement en agroenvironnement, 2700, rue Einstein, Sainte-Foy, QC G1P 3W8, Canada; and (R.J.) Department of Natural Resources Sciences, Université McGill, Sainte- Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada. Confirmation of the role of ascospores in field epidemics of speckled leaf blotch of wheat in Manitoba. C. Hoorne, L. Lamari, and G.M. Ballance. Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Effects of seeding rate, seeding depth, and seed infection on mycosphaerella blight and seed yield of field pea. S.F. Hwang, R.L. Conner, K.F. Chang, G.D. Turnbull, R.J. Howard, and S.F. Blade. Alberta Research Council, Vegreville, AB T9C 1T4, Canada; (R.L.C.) Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research Station, Unit 100–101, Route 100, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada; (K.F.C.) Food and Rural Development, Field Crop Development Centre, Alberta Agriculture, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada; (R.J.H.) Food and Rural Development, Crop Diversification Centre South, Alberta Agriculture, Brooks AB T1R 1E6, Canada; and (S.F.B.) Food and Rural Development, Crop Diversification Centre North, Alberta Agriculture, Edmonton, AB T5J 4K3, Canada. Effect of antagonistic fungi on the production of perithecia of Gibberella zeae on wheat residue. S. Inch and J. Gilbert. Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. Characterization of Phoma lingam isolates recovered from Canadian accessions of Thlaspi arvense. M.R. Islam, B. Koopmann, R.K. Gugel, and G. Séguin-Swartz. Institute for Plant Pathology and Plant Protection, Georg- August-Universität Göttingen Grisebachstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; and (R.K.G., G.S.-S.) Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada Influence of inoculum sources on cultivar susceptibility to apple scab. T. Jobin, P. Neumann, and O. Carisse. Département des sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; and (O.C.) Horticultural Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 430 Gouin Boulevard, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC J3B 3E6, Canada. Photosynthesis, net carbon gain, and growth of hydroponic bell peppers (Capsicum annuum ‘Cubico’) following root infection by Pythium aphanidermatum. M. Johnstone, S. Chatterton, J. Sutton, and B. Grodzinski. Department of Plant Agriculture University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; and (S.C., J.S.) Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Local and systemic induced resistance to the root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) in tomato by different doses of chemicals and its comparison with a biological control agent (Paenibacillus polymyxa). H.U. Khan and Y.H. Kim. Pakistan Science Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan; and (Y.H.K.) School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, Korea. Cultural control of sclerotinia rot of carrot by lateral clipping of carrot canopy. C. Kora, M.R. McDonald, and G.J. Boland. Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; and (M.R.M) Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Metabolic fingerprinting, using mass ions to discriminate diseases of potato.A.C. Kushalappa, L.H. Lui, A. Vikram, and B. Prithiviraj. Plant Science Department, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada. Intensive crop rotations of canola and field pea in western Canada. H.R. Kutcher, D. Ulrich, and S. Brandt. Melfort Research Farm, Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, P.O. Box 1240, Melfort, SK S0E 1A0, Canada; and (D.U., S.B.), Scott Research Farm, Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Scott, SK S0K 4A0, Canada. Development and design of a marker based on polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Fusarium proliferatum isolates from field-grown asparagus.K. Labour, M. St-Arnaud, and S.H. Jabaji-Hare. Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; and (M.S.-A.) Jardin botanique de Montréal and Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, 4101, rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada. Use of acidic electrolyzed water for reducing populations of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria on tomato seed and foliage. G. Lazarovits, P.A. Abbasi, and R. Earl. Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada. One-carbon metabolism in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. W. Liu, Y. Wei, and J. King. Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. Relative importance of storage conditions on development of postharvest carrot diseases. T. MacDonald, R.N. Markarian, C. Vigneault, and V. Toussaint. Horticultural Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri- Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC J3B 3E6, Canada. Involvement of antibiosis in the biocontrol of potato silver scurf by different bacteria. C. Martinez, J.-N. Simard, J. Labonté, R.R. Bélanger, and R.J. Tweddell. Centre de recherche en horticulture, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1K 7P4, Canada. Mycelial interactions between vegetatively incompatible Fusarium graminearum (Gibberella zeae)isolates.B.D. McCallum, A. Tekauz, and J. Gilbert. Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. Latent infection and distribution of a hypovirulenceassociated double-stranded RNA (OnuMV3a) in populations of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa. M.S. Melzer, F. Deng, and G.J. Boland. Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. In vitro effects of salt compounds on radial growth, sporulation, and spore germination of postharvest potato diseases. A.A.S. Mills, H.W. Platt, R.A.R. Hurta, and R.A. MacPhail. Crops and Livestock Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 440 University Ave., Charlottetown, PE C1A 4N6, Canada; and (R.A.R.H.) Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. Patterns of gene expression during infection of soybean by Phytophthora sojae. P. Moy, I. Atkinson, D. Qutob, and M. Gijzen. Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada. Some factors involved in soil disturbance that reduces disease of wheat caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG 8. S.M. Neate. Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 5012 Fargo, ND 58105-5012, U.S.A. Comparison of epidemics caused by Pythium aphanidermatum and P. dissotocum in pepper plants grown in small-scale hydroponic trough systems. T.N. Owen-Going and J.C. Sutton. Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Molecular differentiation between Peridermium harknessiiand Cronartium quercuum f. sp. banksianae. F. Paradis, D.L. Joly, J. Walla, and R.C. Hamelin. Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Sainte- Foy, QC G1V 4C7, Canada; and (J.W.) Plant Pathology Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105-5012, U.S.A. Refining the protocols for screening of resistance of spring wheat to fusarium head blight under controlled conditions. M.P. Pradhan and J. Gilbert. Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. Effect of soil amendments on common scab of potato and soil bacterial communities. K. Prévost, B. Shipley, and C. Beaulieu. Centre d’étude et de valorisation de la diversité microbienne, Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada. Volatile metabolite profiling of cultivars of onion differing in resistance to Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis allii, and Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. B. Prithiviraj, A. Vikram, and A.C. Kushalappa. Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Sainte-Annede- Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada. Effect of biological and nutritional factors on development of cylindrocarpon root rot on American ginseng. M. Rahman and Z.K. Punja. Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Flax rust races – an important collection needs preservation. K.Y. Rashid. Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research Station, Unit 100–101, Route 100, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada. Epidemiology of sclerotinia head rot in wild sunflower. K.Y. Rashid and G.J. Seiler. Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research Station, Unit 100–101, Route 100, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada; and (G.J.S.) Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fargo, ND 58105, U.S.A. Use of bacteriophages for the management of soft rot of calla lilies caused by Erwinia sp. in closed irrigation systems. M. Ravensdale, T. Blom, J. Gracia-Garza, and A. Svircev. Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; and (J.G.G., A.S.) Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Vineland Station, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Vineland, ON L0R 2E0, Canada. An epidemiological study of verticillium wilt of potatoes: host–pathogen interactions of various Verticillium spp. N. Robinson, H.W. Platt, L. Hale, and V. MacLean. Crops and Livestock Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri–Food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4N6, Canada; and (L.H.) Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. Assessment of soil or compost suppressiveness to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum under growth chamber condition: correlations with laboratory and field assessments. G. Rousseau, S. Rioux, and D. Dostaler. Département de phytologie, Pavillon des sciences de et de Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 7P4, Canada; and (S.R.) Centre de recherche sur les grains, 2700, rue Einstein, Sainte-Foy, QC G1P 3W8, Canada. A to monitor soil or compost suppressiveness to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum under laboratory conditions. G. and R. Département de phytologie, Pavillon des sciences de et de Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 7P4, Canada; and des Institut de recherche 32, France. The Centraalbureau voor the of the R.A. and Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, P.O. Box AD Utrecht, Netherlands. to Rhizoctonia solani AG in in the Netherlands. J.H.M. and Y. Institute of Sugar Beet Research, P.O. Box 32, 4600 AA Bergen op Zoom, Netherlands. to Rhizoctonia solani AG in in the Netherlands. J.H.M. and Y. Institute of Sugar Beet Research, P.O. Box 32, 4600 AA Bergen op Zoom, Netherlands. to Rhizoctonia solani AG in plant and J.H.M. Schneider, and S. Jabaji-Hare. Institute of Sugar Beet Research, P.O. Box 32, 4600 AA Bergen op Zoom, Netherlands; and Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore Road, Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada. and L. and University of Edmonton, AB Canada. of seedling resistance to diseases in wheat. and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N Canada. Characterization of a metabolite by a causal agent of blight on field H. S.F. Hwang, K.F. Chang, S.F. G.D. Turnbull, and R.J. Alberta Research Council, Vegreville, AB T9C 1T4, Canada; (K.F.C.) Field Crop Diversification Centre, Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada; (S.F.B.) Crop Diversification Centre North, Edmonton, Edmonton, AB 4K3, Canada; and (R.J.H.) Crop Diversification Centre South, AB T1R 1E6, Canada. Assessment of fungi as biological control agents of in G. S.F. and Z.K. Punja. Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC 1S6, Canada; and Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, BC Canada. and biocontrol by a of in the of and M. of University, Department of Molecular and University of Guelph, Guelph, ON Canada. of fusarium head blight in Canadian A. Tekauz. Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. fungi from oat in western Canada in A. Tekauz, N. B. McCallum, and J. Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. In vitro interaction between the wheat and of K. and Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore Road, Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada. of Xanthomonas campestris pv. in to disease and of lettuce leaf on bacterial V. and O. Carisse. Horticultural Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 430 Gouin Boulevard, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC J3B 3E6, Canada; and de pathologie végétale, Institut national de la recherche France. in causal for and disease control N. L. MacDonald, and Z.K. Punja. Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; and Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Road, BC Canada. volatile from apple with fungal pathogens. A. Vikram, B. Prithiviraj, and A.C. Kushalappa. Plant Science Department, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada. of development of late blight in potato using polymerase chain reaction. O. F. L. Lamari, and L. Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Agriculture Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Molecular detection of in and in during O. F. M. L. B. T. P. and S. Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Agriculture Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Alberta Research Council, P.O. Box Vegreville, AB T9C 1T4, Canada; and Agriculture and Food, P.O. Box MB Canada. of Streptomyces potato by polymerase chain reaction. A. and G. Lazarovits. Department of Biology, Biological and University of London, ON Canada; and Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada. Molecular and of of a involved in fungal F. Wang, G. Selvaraj, and Y. Wei. Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; and (G.S.) Plant Biotechnology Institute, National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada. Impact of on Wang, S.F. Hwang, B.D. K.F. Chang, G.D. Turnbull, and R.J. Alberta Research Council, Vegreville, AB T9C 1T4, Canada; Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada; (K.F.C.) Field Crop Development Centre, Lacombe, AB T4L Canada; and (R.J.H.) Crop Diversification Centre South, Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, AB T1R 1E6, Canada. The role of in germination and development in Colletotrichum J. and Department of Botany, University of ON Canada. gene expression of and A in potato with and of Phytophthora and F. Department of Plant Science, Agriculture University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Epidemiology of in R.R. MacDonald, and Z.K. Punja. Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Avenue, and Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Road, BC Canada. of leaf blight in carrot by of S.M. A. and M.R. Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Effect of a on by the G.J. and Department of Plant Pathology, University of U.S.A. and wheat response to leaf rust. T. D. M. C. W. T. and B. Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada; and Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. in biotic and abiotic stresses. T. T. and J. Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada; and Department of Biological Sciences, University of South U.S.A. for gene T. and J. Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. of isolates of Fusarium spp. head blight in wheat. G. Y. Chen, F. and C. Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri- Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. Effect of seed on of different of soybean E. T.R. Anderson, S. Rioux, R. and M. Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri–Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; (T.R.A.) Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri–Food Canada, 2585 County Road 20, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada; (S.R.) Centre de recherche sur les grains, 2700, rue Einstein, Sainte-Foy, QC G1P 3W8, Canada; and University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Effect of on the of and in potato H. R. and R.J. Tweddell. Centre de recherche en horticulture, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 7P4, Canada; and Centre de recherche et de développement en horticulture, Agriculture et Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC J3B 3E6, Canada. chain reaction – for Fusarium diversity in E. M. V. and M. Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, and Jardin botanique de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada.

The Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of Innovative Strategies to Reduce Food Insecurity among Children in the United States

Miles Fletcher examines the role of the Japanese business community in helping the nation solve an unprecedented combination of economic challenges in the 1920s and 1930s: chronic trade deficits, world depression, rampant protectionism, and mobilization for war in Asia. Because of such severe crises, business executives changed their attitudes toward foreign trade and types of national economic policies needed to succeed in a global marketplace. After trade deficits began occurring in the 1920s, business leaders and business groups became obsessed with finding ways of expanding trade and ensuring a healthy balance of exports and imports. The onset of worldwide depression in 1930 brought trade barriers to Japanese exports in every major market, and the failure of the World Economic Conference in London in 1933 made prospects even more bleak. The idea that companies in each industrial sector would have to cooperate through national cartels began to take hold. Although the business community did not always operate as a unified interest group, its leaders in the interwar decades made progressively more effective attempts to secure a consensus on important proposals. As trade problems mounted, businessmen in many instances urged the increased national control of trade, with government officials and corporate executives working together to form policies. According to Fletcher, business attitudes toward foreign trade and the role of the government that developed during the economic crises of the 1920s and 1930s helped make Japan an economic power today. Japan is an economic power today because of the techniques developed during the period of economic crisis following World War I. After World War II, business leaders once again collaborated closely with the government to guide the nation to economic recovery and then to prominence as a trading power. Fletcher concludes that the travails of the interwar period forged a conviction that the Japanese business community has maintained well into the 1980s as a guiding concept: the task of expanding Japan's international trade resembles a form of competitive warfare demanding national strategies. Originally published in 1989. A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.

D. H. Lawrence recalls in this letter how he descended from a walking trip with friends in Westmoreland to the station at Barrow-in-Furness in August 1914 to find that war had been declared against Germany. Britain’s mobilization for war is dramatized by Lawrence as a railway station episode that depicts the unease and pervasiveness of conflict in a moment of encounter that is both liberating and disturbing. The New Zealand-born writer Katherine Mansfield, who was a close friend of Lawrence and who lived in England and France during the First World War (1914–18), recorded with a similar sense of cataclysm her memories of the war’s first weeks in a letter to Laura Kate Bright on 21 September 1914: Here in London we are in the throes of this frightful war … The big white trains painted with the red cross, swing into the railway stations carrying their sad burdens and often at the same time other trains leave crowded with boys in khaki, cheering and singing on their way to the front.2

Smileage was a funding scheme designed to support the Commission on Training Camp Activities’ theater project during World War I. The public purchased coupon books that soldiers redeemed at the government Liberty Theatres, which purported to provide “morally uplifting” and “wholesome” live entertainment primarily, but later included Hollywood motion pictures. This article situates the Smileage campaign in the larger historical context during which the film industry negotiated its inclusion in war mobilization and its value to cultural policy. The theater project and camp recreation program illustrate the Wilson administration’s ambiguous and uneven stance toward the commercial film industry.

Faith, Tsar and Fatherland is an exploration of how religious, political, and ethnic differences influenced war mobilization in Russia prior to, and during, the First World War. Through the narrative of a sacred union, the Russian Imperial government unified an otherwise divided country into one cohesive whole, fighting to protect the Fatherland. In the name of patriotism, historically marginalized groups such as Russo-German settlers and Russian Muslims set aside political, religious, and cultural differences to fight alongside ethnic Russians in one unified effort to defeat the Central Powers.

This chapter, by Sue Collins, historicizes Hollywood stardom’s legitimation as a source of political authority during World War I and World War II. It charts film stars’ participation in war mobilization from the Liberty Loan bond drives of World War I to the star appearances, war relief, and USO activities managed by the Hollywood Victory Committee during the World War II. By showing how the government’s valorization of the popular became a mode of authority exploitable for propaganda, the chapter argues that the stars’ war work established a new logic for celebrity as a crucial personification of state discourse and cultural policy supporting state power during wartime.

The National Reconstruction and Continuous Development Act of 2021

Vincent considers the way U.S. literature of the 1920s and 1930s used the rhetorical occasion of World War I to promote revisions of U.S. liberalism and its prevailing ideologies of citizenship. Urged on by desires for a more cohesive polity, Vincent argues, numerous war novelists made use of the cultures of allegiance and collectivity fostered by war mobilization as rhetorical means by which to bridge gaps in notions of political obligation enabled by the flimsier, more local interests of laissez-faire. Borrowing from supplementary logics of valuation extrinsic to the liberal-democratic tradition—religious, masculine, statist, militarist—many war narratives advanced discourses of sacrifice and preparedness to promote broader metrics of affiliation more likely to achieve national community and the accommodation of a more managerial state. In part, this essay seeks to revise the sometimes monolithic focus on modernist or experimental writing in assessments of the postwar moment as an antiwar watershed. Vincent emphasizes war narrative's continuities with prior Progressive-Era longings for compulsory civic foundations as well as the bourgeoning culture of national security that, in some respects, grew out of the Great War's political crucible.

This chapter examines the impact of the Great War on the British Empire from the perspective of the imperial periphery. Focusing on those parts of the Empire that contributed considerable manpower, financial and material resources to the war effort, the chapter examines the impact and consequences of participation on these parts of the Empire and on the tenor of imperial relations more generally after the war. It explores the social, political, and cultural tensions that emerged around mobilisation for war, tracing the gradual transition from ‘innocent enthusiasm’ to increasing ambivalence and even outright resistance to the war effort. Equally it focuses on the impact of the war on the home front. Increasing industrial conflict, agrarian revolt, and acrimonious campaigns around public order, censorship and conscription were evident throughout these parts of the Empire, exacerbated by the return of servicemen who believed that their sacrifice required a just reward.