Few associative triples, isotopisms and groups

Minimal sumsets in finite solvable groups

<p>We have introduced Smarandache quasigroups which are Smarandache<br />\nnon-associative structures. A quasigroup is a groupoid whose composition table is a Latin square. There are squares in the Latin squares which seem to be of importance to study the structure of Latin Squares. We consider the particular type of squares properly contained in the Latin squares which themselves contain a Latin square. Such Latin squares are termed as Smarandache Mukti-Squares or SMS. Extension of some SMS to Latin squares is also considered.</p>

پهنه بندی و تعیین منشأ آلودگی منیزیم و فلزات سنگین آهن، روی و مس در آبخوانهای شمال و شمال غرب خوی (زورآباد) با استفاده از GIS

The self-controlled case series method (SCCSM) is a novel study design to investigate associations between acute responses with transient point exposures (for example vaccination). The method provides an attractive alternative to cohort and case-control designs. The method is unusual in that it requires data only on individuals who experience a response (the ‘cases’). The method works as follows. Prior to the study a post-exposure risk period is defined, which corresponds to the period in which responses causally related to exposure are likely to occur. An observation period is also defined, and individuals with responses arising within this observation period are sampled. The data are then analysed using a Poisson model, conditional on the total number of events occurring for each individual. This conditioning ensures that including only cases does not bias the relative risk estimator. The self-controlled case series method has been used to good effect in many settings, particularly in investigating putative associations between adverse events and paediatric vaccines. However, so far only limited research has been undertaken on the statistical properties of the method in finite samples, and virtually no work has been undertaken on design issues. The method also needs to be extended in various directions, for example application in surveillance methods. This thesis provides detailed investigations of these topics. To this end, expressions for the asymptotic bias, variance and mean square error of the log-relative incidence are derived. Simulation studies taking account of age are carried out to study small and medium sample performance. Sample size formulae are obtained and validated via simulations, thus improving the design of self-controlled case series studies. The method is extended to applications in surveillance and simulation studies are conducted to evaluate this use of the method. The methods are illustrated using data on intussusception and oral polio vaccine.

This dissertation addresses two significant issues in the effective application of machine learning algorithms and models for the physical and engineering sciences. The first is the broad challenge of automated modeling of data across different processes in a physical system. The second is the dilemma of obtaining insightful interpretations on the relationships between the inputs and outcome of a system as inferred from complex, black box machine learning models.Automated Geometric Shape Deviation Modeling for Additive Manufacturing SystemsAdditive manufacturing systems possess an intrinsic capability for one-of-a-kind manufacturing of a vast variety of shapes across a wide spectrum of processes. One major issue in AM systems is geometric accuracy control for the inevitable shape deviations that arise in AM processes. Current effective approaches for shape deviation control in AM involve the specification of statistical or machine learning deviation models for additively manufactured products. However, this task is challenging due to the constraints on the number of test shapes that can be manufactured in practice, and limitations on user efforts that can be devoted for learning deviation models across different shape classes and processes in an AM system. We develop an automated, Bayesian neural network methodology for comprehensive shape deviation modeling in an AM system. A fundamental innovation in this machine learning method is our new and connectable neural network structures that facilitate the transfer of prior knowledge and models on deviations across different shape classes and AM processes. Several case studies on in-plane and out-of-plane deviations, regular and free-form shapes, and different settings of lurking variables serve to validate the power and broad scope of our methodology, and its potential to advance high-quality manufacturing in an AM system.Interpretable Machine LearningMachine learning algorithms and models constitute the dominant set of predictive methods for a wide range of complex, real-world processes. However, interpreting what such methods effectively infer from data is difficult in general. This is because their typical black box natures possess a limited ability to directly yield insights on the underlying relationships between inputs and the outcome for a process. We develop methodologies based on new predictive comparison estimands that effectively enable one to ``mine’’ machine learning models, in the sense of (a) interpreting their inferred associations between inputs and/or functional forms of inputs with the outcome, (b) identifying the inputs that they effectively consider relevant, and (c) interpreting the inferred conditional and two-way associations of the inputs with the outcome. We establish Fisher consistent estimators, and their corresponding standard errors, for our new estimands under a condition on the inputs' distributions. The significance of our predictive comparison methodology is demonstrated with a wide range of simulation and case studies that involve Bayesian additive regression trees, neural networks, and support vector machines. Our extended study of interpretable machine learning for AM systems demonstrates how our method can contribute to smarter advanced manufacturing systems, especially as current machine learning methods for AM are lacking in their ability to yield meaningful engineering knowledge on AM processes.

Given the ever-changing competitive business environment, it is necessary to create alternatives for survival, one of them is by joining forces in pursuit of common goals through the association. The results of this partnership tend to benefit all involved, however, for greater effectiveness, the management interaction is important. In this context, this article seeks to evidence self-management features and partnership with the Associacao de Potencializacao de Espacos Comerciais – APEC (Association of potentiation of the Commercial Areas), created to continue the SEBRAE project in Francisco Beltrao-PR, which aimed to encourage commercial spaces in partnership with entrepreneurs. This is a case study that woks as data collection instruments: documentary research; the interview with the APEC members and Executive Board; and the questionnaire applied to members. The research period lasted for 41 days occurring between 01/10/2013 to 10/11/2013. It became clear evident indications that the proposed concepts are being practiced, however, with some flaws, as compared to self-management, where there is a lack of participation and commitment from some part of members in decision-making and actions proposed, and for the partnership, that is a lack of affinity between the members and flexibility.

در این پژوهش گوناگونی ژنتیکی هشت نژاد گوسفند ایرانی شامل نژادهای لری بختیاری، ماکویی، مغانی، تالشی، شال، زندی، نایینی و کلکویی با بکار گیری روش ای اف ال پی بررسی شد. از 309 نمونه بررسی شده 121 نوار چندشکل فراهم گردید. میانگین هتروزیگویستی درون نژادی بالا و برابر با 0255/0 ± 2795/0 و هتروزیگویستی میان نژادی بسیار پایین و برابر با 0184/0 بدست آمد.کمترین فاصلة ژنتیکی درمیان دو نژاد لری-بختیاری و ماکویی (0151/0) و بیشترین فاصلة ژنتیکی در میان دو نژاد لری بختیاری و تالشی (0486/0) برآورد گردید. جریان ژنی بسیار بالا و برابر با 5685/7 برآورد شد. نمودار خوشه ای بدست آمده از ماتریس تشابه جاکارد و الگوریتم UPGMA چگونگی ارتباط میان تک تک نمونه ها را آشکار کرد. تجزیه به مولفه های اصلی نیز نشان داد که نمونه ها همبستگی بالایی دارند. نمودار خوشه ای بدست آمده از ماتریس فاصلة ژنتیکی با روش نااوریب نی(1978) و الگوریتم یو پی جی ام ای با، بازة جغرافیایی و ویژگی های فنوتیپی نژادهای بررسی شده همخوانی میانه ای داشت که ممکن است بازتابی از کوچ های ناشناخته، وجود جریان ژنی و هم خاستگاه بودن این اندوخته های ژنتیکی باشد. همچنین در این بررسی هیچ نشانگر ویژه نژادی یافت نشد

An exploration into the assessment of hip extension strength and its importance for performance in professional soccer.

This study examined the association of the experience of emotion and somatic changes. The study compared reported somatic changes generally experienced when anxious with the actual association of the experience of emotion and somatic changes as measured during a specific event. Emotions were measured as both general negative emotion as well as specific emotions: anger, disgust, fear, sadness and shame. Participants were volunteers from a Victorian university who agreed to watch a video depicting the dramatisation of child abuse. Throughout the video, participants indicated their experience of emotion. Measures were also taken throughout the procedure of facial expression and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR). In order to examine emotional-congruence, subjects were divided into three groups. These groups were divided according to the congruence of subjects' experienced emotion with autonomic changes and facial expressivity. Groups were divided separately for each of the emotion types. Where there was little difference between the reported experience of emotion and that, which would have been expected from the observed somatic changes, the subject was deemed to be in the Congruent Group. Subjects whose reported experience of emotion was greater or less than would be expected from observed somatic changes were allocated to the Over-reporter and Under-Reporter Groups respectively. This data was then compared to participants' reports of the number of somatic symptoms usually experienced when anxious. It was found that participants who under-report the experience of general negative-emotion compared with their observed somatic changes (both GSR and facial expressivity) had lower trait-somatic-anxiety (reported fewer somatic symptoms usually experienced when anxious). There was no significant difference between the Congruent Group and Over-Reporter Group.;The Under-Reporter Groups had significantly lower trait-somatic-anxiety than the Congruent Group when emotional-congruence was defined by fear and GSR, anger and GSR and sadness and facial expressivity. The actual association of shame and disgust with either somatic change, sadness with autonomic change and anger and fear with facial expressivity was unrelated to the number of somatic symptoms reported to be usually experienced when anxious. The results supported the idea that subjective reports of the number of somatic symptoms reported to be usually experienced when anxious reflect the actual association of somatic change and experience, but with limitations. The actual association of experience of fear with autonomic change seems to reflect the number of somatic symptoms reported to be usually experienced when anxious more than other emotions. Further for those for whom the experience of anger and negative-emotion has a greater association with somatic change, there was a greater number of somatic symptoms reported to be usually experienced when anxious. This would suggest that some people have a greater association of some experiences of emotion and somatic change. Furthermore, while there is an association between reported somatic changes generally experienced when anxious with the actual association of the experience of emotion and somatic changes as measured during a specific event, this was dependant on the association of the emotion types rather than being generalised for all emotions.

Accurate prediction of loads on mechanical couplings is crucial in assessment of loads on coupled structures, and in reliable prediction of the motions of coupled bodies. This thesis presents a numerical articulation method, which is capable of modeling various mechanical couplings. The proposed numerical method relies on contact elements. The first objective of the work is to prove the eligibility of contact elements in representation of mechanical couplings, and to highlight the shortcomings and positive aspects of contact elements for this representation. The second objective of the thesis is to study the influence of different hydrodynamic, kinematic, and coupling models on the motion behavior of articulated bodies and coupling forces. To accomplish these objectives extensive and systematic studies on a twofold pushing convoy are conducted. The convoy bodies are interconnected with hinge joints. The hinges are modeled by means of kinematic constraints, and with contact elements. Frequency and time domain boundary element methods with linearized motions of equation, as well as a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) code coupled with a nonlinear kinematic solver are used to compute the body motion responses and coupling forces. The simulation results are compared to model basin measurements. It is shown that the contact element model can simulate mechanical couplings efficiently and it provides a suitable method to idealize free and suppressed modes at articulation locations. Furthermore, it is shown, that RANS in association with the nonlinear equation of motion and kinematically constrained joints, as well as boundary element methods in adherence to the contact element model provide more accurate prediction of articulation forces, and motion responses of coupled bodies. However, frequency and time domain boundary element methods with kinematically constrained joints still deliver agreeable and reliable results. Moreover, a case study is presented, in which a river-sea pushing convoy is applied in time domain numerical simulations. The convoy bodies are interconnected with prismatic joints and are free to heave and pitch relative to each other. Prismatic joints are modeled by means of contact elements. The case study demonstrates a successful application of contact elements in simulation of complexly articulated multibody systems. Furthermore, the findings obtained in this work contribute sustainably to the numerical approaches in assessment of hydrodynamic and articulation loads on mechanically coupled floating bodies.

Oxidative processes - insights in reaction mechanisms gained by high resolution and isotope ratio mass spectrometry

Re: Multicenter Prospective Randomized Study of Single-incision Mini-sling vs Tension-free Vaginal Tape-obturator in Management of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Minimum of 1-year Follow-up

Isotope reference materials IRMM-3636 was prepared by gravimetrically mixing of solutions from highly enriched 99.96% U (IRMM-3630) and highly enriched 99.97% U (IRMM-3660) in order to obtain an isotopic ratio n(U)/n(U) close to unity. IRMM-3636a and IRMM-3636b were prepared from IRMM-3636 by gravimetrical dilution. The primary solution, IRMM-3636 is for the time being not yet available for external users. The certified isotope content values for IRMM-3636a of 4.27988(54)⋅10 mol U per g of solution and for IRMM- 3636b of 2.21802(61)⋅10 mol U per g of solution and the certified isotope amount ratios have been established by mass metrology, subsequently the primary solution IRMM-3636 was verified by isotope mass spectrometry. The methodology used in the preparation and certification was similar to that of comparable uranium mixtures made in the past. The uncertainties contributing to the final uncertainties of the isotopic ratios are the weighing errors, the measured impurities in each starting material, the stoichiometry of the oxides and the isotopic abundances of each of the starting materials. The method for the preparation and mixing is described and the certification and verification procedures are reported. Verification of IRMM-3636 was performed by TRITON TIMS measurements using Faraday collectors and secondary electron multiplier in combination with an RPQ energy filter for improved abundance sensitivity. The results agreed well with the certified values obtained from the mixing calculations. By mixing the n(U)/n(U) double spike with a sample and applying internal mass fractionation correction, the n(U)/n(U) ratio of a given sample can be determined with the highest possible accuracy. The Isotopic Reference Materials IRMM-3636a and IRMM-3636b are part of a systematic IRMM programme to supply Isotopic Reference Materials of various isotopes at different concentrations The Isotopic Reference Material is supplied in a sealed quartz ampoule containing 1 mL of a 1 M nitric acid solution. How to obtain EU publications Our priced publications are available from EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu), where you can place an order with the sales agent of your choice. The Publications Office has a worldwide network of sales agents. You can obtain their contact details by sending a fax to (352) 29 29-42758. The mission of the JRC is to provide customer-driven scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of EU policies. As a service of the European Commission, the JRC functions as a reference centre of science and technology for the Union. Close to the policy-making process, it serves the common interest of the Member States, while being independent of special interests, whether private or national. LA - N A - 2408- EN - C

Carbon Isotopic Fractionation Across A Late Cambrian Carbonate Platform: A Regional Response To The SPICE Event As Recorded In The Great Basin, United States by Jonathan Lloyd Baker Dr. Ganqing Jiang, Examination Committee Chair Associate Professor of Geoscience University of Nevada, Las Vegas Geochemical models have suggested that the late Cambrian was characterized by a greenhouse climate with high pCO2. Furthermore, stableisotope analyses within the Great Basin have documented a large carbonate isotope (δ13Ccarb) excursion, known as the Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion (SPICE). This event has been documented globally, and is interpreted as having resulted from enhanced organic carbon burial. Unless the size of carbon reservoirs in the Cambrian ocean was significantly different from those of the Cenozoic, this forcing should have resulted in a comparable carbon-isotope excursion in organic matter (δ13Corg). It is also predicted that increased organic carbon burial would lower atmospheric CO2, which may cause global cooling and a reduction in carbonate-organic carbon isotope fractionation. To test these predictions, paired carbonate and organic carbon isotope data are reported here from carbonate stratigraphic sections at Shingle Pass, Nevada and in House Range, Utah. At Shingle Pass, δ 13Corg values record a positive excursion that roughly mirrors δ 13Ccarb values at a similar magnitude, suggesting an oceanographic control on the carbon isotope trend. In the House Range section, iii although δ 13Corg values show a rough positive shift associated with positive δ13Ccarb, the magnitude is smaller and values show minor shifts across the excursion. However, constructing a time-equivalent overlay of data from both sections using key stratigraphic boundaries resolved apparent discrepancies, suggesting a regional control on carbon isotopic fractionation. The difference between carbonate and organic carbon isotope values (Δ13C = δ13Ccarb – δ13Corg) averages 27‰ to 28‰ in both sections, but increases to 30‰ at the peak of the excursion and falls to as low as 25‰ immediately after the Sauk II/III sequence boundary. Temporal variations in Δ 13C do not follow the predicted atmospheric CO2 changes before the δ13Ccarb peak of the SPICE, as might have been derived from the increased organic carbon burial model for the origin of the SPICE event, and indicates that the carbon isotope fractionation was less sensitive to atmospheric CO2 changes when ambient CO2 was high. The abrupt drop in Δ13C after the δ13Ccarb peak of the SPICE is consistent with low atmospheric CO2 and the potential evolution of photosynthetic organisms in adapting to CO2-limited environments with stronger bicarbonate uptake during carbon fixation.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar as habilidades cognitivas em idosas usuárias de benzodiazepínicos e as idosas não-usuárias deste tipo de medicação. Participaram do estudo 123 idosas institucionalizadas. MÉTODO: O delineamento foi de um estudo quantitativo e de um transversal. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: ficha de dados sociodemográficos, breve entrevista internacional de neuropsiquiatria modificada, mini-exame do estado mental, escala de depressão geriátrica, span de números, teste de fluência verbal (categoria animal) e teste de evocação seletiva livre e com pistas (Buschke). RESULTADOS: A idade variou entre 60 e 101 anos, com a média de 79,73 anos (DP = 9,56). Não houve diferença em relação à idade ou aos anos em que residência na instituição asilar (p = 0,846). O tempo mínimo foi de 1 ano e o máximo, de 26 anos, a média ficou em 4,02 anos (DP = 4,38). O tempo médio de estudo foi de 5,98 anos (DP = 4,17), 80,5% sabem ler e 79,7% sabem escrever. CONCLUSÃO: Não foram encontradas associações significativas entre as habilidades cognitivas em idosas usuárias de benzodiazepínicos e as não-usuárias.