Filtering of Electrochemical Transients by Empirical Mode Decomposition Method

This paper introduces a new signal-filtering method, which is aimed at processing long-span bridge structural health monitoring (SHM) data based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and fractal conservation law (FCL). The long-span bridge SHM data is selected from vertical vibration data of the Runyang Bridge’s main girder. The key idea of this paper is to enhance the frequency amplitude of the target signal and at the same time to weaken the surroundings-caused signal noise by combining methods as EMD and FCL after confirming the long-span bridge’s natural frequency. EMD operation consists of decomposing the vibration data by EMD, selection of effective intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and effective IMF recombination. FCL theory will be applied on the filtering function to process effective IMFs in the frequency domain before recombination. This theory is based on a partial differential equation modified by a nonlocal fractional anti-diffusive term of lower order. The effect of the EMDFCL filter is compared with the EMD method, FCL method and filter strategy that combines EMD and low-pass filtering, respectively. Results show that the EMDFCL filter outperforms the other signal filtering methods in natural frequency recognition of long-span bridge SHM data. In particular, the bridge’s natural frequencies distinguished by EMDFCL match well with the calculated frequencies and original fingerprint.

The key to the fault diagnosis of rotating machinery is to extract the fault characteristics from the vibration signal of rotating machinery. Signal analysis and processing are the most commonly used methods for feature extraction. In this paper, a method combining the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and spectral kurtosis is presented for fault detection of rotating machinery based on vibrational signal. According to the modulation characteristic of the rolling element bearing fault signal and the disadvantage of depending on the experience to select resonance high frequency band, an improved method integrating EMD with spectrum kurtosis for rolling bearing fault diagnosis is put forward. Firstly, the bearing fault signal is decomposed into a series of intrinsic mode function (IMF) through EMD method. Secondly, the false IMF components are eliminated through mutual information, kurtosis and cross-correlation, then the useful IMFs are selected to construct the fault signal. Finally, by designing the optimal band pass filter with the spectral kurtosis, it can be obtained that, the envelope demodulation spectrum of the filtered signal, and the fault feature of rolling bearing are extracted. The experimental result of the rolling bearing fault diagnosis shows that the proposed method can effectively extract the weak fault feature of rolling bearing, which is superior to envelope analysis.

Signal is a non-linear and non- stationary signal, the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) can decompose the signal into several intrinsic mode functions(IMF), the IMF can reflect the characteristic in frequency changing of logging data along depth, IMF curves of different steps might reveal cycle characteristics of different scale, which are in correspondence with geological cycles o different scales, so that different scale sequences might be detected clearly from IMF curves. Empirical mode decomposition method is used to demarcat stratigraphic sequence and stratigraphic correlation in this paper ,the result show that EMD method can better show the internal vibration of logging signal and reflect the characteristics of the stratigraphic sequence ,and EMD method can provide technical support for stratigraphic correlation.

Envelope modified versions of the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method such as the B‐spline interpolation‐based EMD (B‐EMD) method and cardinal spline interpolation‐based EMD (C‐EMD) method have been proposed recently for purpose of improving its effectiveness. To shed further light on their performance, the behaviours of these EMD‐type methods in the presence of white Gaussian noises are investigated in this study based on extensive numerical experiments. Similarly to the EMD method, it turns out that the envelope modified EMD methods also act as filter banks essentially. However, the spectra among the first several intrinsic mode functions of the B‐EMD method have fewer overlaps than those of the EMD and C‐EMD methods, which indicate that the B‐EMD method has a better ability to alleviate the mode mixing problem for signals with higher frequencies. On the other hand, the C‐EMD method is shown to perform better than the EMD and B‐EMD methods on separating tones with lower frequencies.

A comparative study between Empirical Wavelet Transforms and Empirical Mode Decomposition Methods: Application to bearing defect diagnosis

Using filter bank property to simplify the calculations of Empirical Mode Decomposition

Various faults inevitably occur in mechanical systems and may result in unexpected failures. Hence, fault detection is critical to reduce unscheduled downtime and costly breakdowns. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is an adaptive time-frequency domain signal processing method, potentially suitable for nonstationary and/or nonlinear processes. However, the EMD method suffers from several problems such as mode mixing, defined as intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) with incorrect scales. In this paper, an ensemble noise-reconstructed EMD method is proposed to ameliorate the mode mixing problem and denoise IMFs for enhancing fault signatures. The proposed method defines the IMF components as an ensemble mean of EMD trials, where each trial is obtained by sifting signals that have been reconstructed using the estimated noise present in the measured signal. Unlike traditional denoising methods, the noise inherent in the input data is reconstructed and used to reduce the background noise. Furthermore, the reconstructed noise helps to project different scales of the signal onto their corresponding IMFs, instrumental in alleviating the mode mixing problem. Two critical issues concerned in the method, i.e., the noise estimation strategy and the number of EMD trials required for denoising are discussed. Furthermore, a comprehensive noise-assisted EMD method is proposed, which includes the proposed method and ensemble EMD (EEMD). Numerical simulations and experimental case studies on accelerometer data collected from an industrial shaving process are used to demonstrate and validate the proposed method. Results show that the proposed method can both detect impending faults and isolate multiple faults. Hence, the proposed method can act as a promising tool for mechanical fault detection.

Focusing on feature extraction of non-stationary vibration signals in condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of gear pump, the fault diagnosis approach based on empirical mode decomposition method and kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) and support vector machines (SVM) is proposed. The improved empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method is used to decompose the mechanical equipment output signal into a number of intrinsic mode function (IMF) components and a residue component, and calculated ten dimensionless parameters of each IMF and residue component, then extract result from the original parameters by using KPCA, at last the kernel principal component is classified by inputting the new feature vector to SVM for training and recognizing. The simulation and experiment results show that the advanced method is effective in restraining end effect, and the analysis result of gear pump vibration signals in different conditions validate the method is effective.

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Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Wavelet method have been widely used in the vibration signal analysis, mainly because of the powerful ability of blind modal separation. In the flutter test, modal identification and modal trajectories tracking online can help to ensure the test safety. However, traditional EMD method is only suitable for offline data batching, which limits its applications to the real-time or near real-time signal analysis. For this reason, according to the online processing requirements of flutter test under the turbulent excitation conditions, combining with wavelet spectrum analysis, an online EMD method based on a sliding window for structural modal identification and flutter boundary prediction (FBP) is proposed in this paper. The corresponding mathematical principles and implementation algorithms are given as well, which decompose the measured signal into the Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) firstly, and then estimate the modal parameters by using the wavelet power spectrum method. The FBP result is typically obtained online during the test process by using curve fitting and extrapolation of the modal damping. The numerical simulations and test data from a low-speed wind tunnel flutter test are used to verify the effectiveness and engineering feasibility of the proposed method.

Natural frequencies identification is important for dynamic analysis of subgrade for high-speed railway. The most commonly used method is analyzing the response spectrum feature undergoing ambient excitation directly without any processing. However, this method requires that the ambient excitation should be close to the white signal. If the ambient excitation includes some kinds of non-white signals, this method becomes hard to use. In this paper, based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method and random vibration theory, an improved identification method undergoing ambient excitation is proposed. First, the self-correlation function of an acceleration record is decomposed into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) via EMD method. Then natural frequencies are determined by Hilbert transform and basic modal analysis theory. The original acceleration records from the Wu-Guang Passenger Dedicated Railway are processed by the proposed method to identify natural frequencies of the subgrade. The identification results are compared with results from the field excitation tests and finite element analysis. Comparisons demonstrate that the proposed method is reliable to identify natural frequencies of subgrade for high-speed railway. The natural frequencies of the test subgrade are at low level.

Industrial Internet security is a prerequisite to ensure the high-quality development of the Industrial Internet. The significant way to curb Industrial Internet security accidents and prevent cyber threats proactively is effectively controlling the changes in network situations. In this paper, we propose a new prediction model based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), minimum mean square variance criterion (MMSVC), and empirical mode decomposition (EMD), with the aim of effective noise reduction and high prediction accuracy. To minimize the disturbance of random noise, we firstly deleted several outliers in high-frequency and noisy Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) decomposed by EMD. MMSVC performs well in identifying noisy IMFs without using thresholds. For the blank places, we refilled them by a certain weight with relevant figures. After that, the LSTM model was applied to predict the denoised signal. The preliminary experimental analysis illustrated that noise reduction with the EMD method could provide a significant boost in forecasting performance.

Separation of closely spaced modes by combining complex envelope displacement analysis with method of generating intrinsic mode functions through filtering algorithm based on wavelet packet decomposition

Research on the intrinsic mode function (IMF) criterion in EMD method

An effective algorithm of image edge detection based on EMD(empirical mode decomposition) and second generation wavelet analysis is presented. The image signal is decomposed to a number of IMF(intrinsic mode function) via EMD, then each IMF function is processed by second generation wavelet transform. The application of this method to image shows that it is effective and practical.