Five-factor personality traits in priests

BackgroundPersonality traits play crucial roles in the onset, manifestation, and course of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD). Previous meta-analyses focusing on NEO personality traits in patients with schizophrenia and BD revealed distinct differences in specific personality traits between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls and between patients with BD and healthy controls. However, direct comparisons of personality profiles between schizophrenia patients and BD patients have been limited, with existing studies often limited by relatively small sample sizes.MethodsTwo online databases (PubMed and Scopus) were searched systematically to identify relevant articles, including publications up to April 2024. A meta-analysis of five personality traits, namely, neuroticism (N), extraversion (E), openness (O), agreeableness (A), and conscientiousness (C), assessed by the NEO five-factor inventory, was performed in seven cohorts, including our patient samples, consisting of 768 patients with schizophrenia and 555 patients with BD.ResultsThere was no significant heterogeneity in the five personality traits among the seven studies (I2 = 0-53.8, P > .05), except for C (I2 = 77.1, P = 5.65 × 10-4). Our meta-analyses revealed significant differences in three personality traits (E, O, and A) between patients with schizophrenia and patients with BD (E: Hedges’ g = −0.40, P = 1.34 × 10−11; O: g = −0.22, P = 1.76 × 10−4; and A: g = −0.24, P = 3.73 × 10-5). Patients with schizophrenia had lower scores on E, O, and A than those with BD did. No significant differences in the other two traits, N and C, were observed between the groups (P > .05).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that schizophrenia patients and BD patients have distinct personality profiles and that schizophrenia patients have more pronounced personality profiles than BD do, despite their overlapping symptoms and genetic predispositions.

The analysis of the relationship between personality traits and leadership effectiveness has been a central area of investigation within organizational psychology for an extended period. This review aims to examine the impact of fundamental personality traits on leadership effectiveness. Based on empirical findings derived from the Five-Factor Model (FFM), it has been observed that specific personality traits, namely conscientiousness and emotional stability, exhibit consistent associations with effective leadership behaviors. Conscientious leaders exhibit traits such as organization, diligence, and responsibility, which in turn contribute to enhanced decision-making capabilities and the successful execution of projects. Emotional stability enables leaders to effectively manage and navigate the various stressors encountered in the workplace, demonstrating composure and a clear understanding of the situation. Openness to experience, a personality trait identified in the Five-Factor Model (FFM), has the potential to facilitate innovative thinking and adaptability, both of which are crucial for effectively navigating the dynamic challenges of the business environment. Nevertheless, it is widely agreed upon that these characteristics hold significant value. Nonetheless, the ideal equilibrium of these traits differs depending on the specific circumstances, sectors, and societal norms. There is also evidence from research suggesting that situational factors and individual experiences may moderate the influence of personality. In summary, personality traits are a fundamental framework for assessing leadership potential. However, it is essential to recognize that the expression and influence of these traits are complex and varied, thus necessitating a comprehensive approach to cultivating leadership skills. This systematic review aims to compile a comprehensive body of evidence spanning thirteen years, focusing on the impact of personality traits on leadership performance. The study examines various personality traits, including extroversion, approachability, receptivity to new experiences, neuroticism, conscientiousness, narcissism, honesty-humility, approach to risk, and tolerance of ambiguity. A significant positive correlation was observed between effectiveness and all traits mentioned above except neuroticism and, in certain instances, narcissism. The results of our study can serve as a basis for future investigations in this field.

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of personality traits and learning skills among Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) learners, leveraging advanced feature engineering and robust statistical methods. The primary objective is to investigate the influence of personality traits on learning outcomes and map these traits to specific skills across various TVET trades. Using a four-step methodology, we collected demographic data and Big Five Inventory (BFI) personality trait scores from 1,076 trainees across eleven Vocational Training Institutes (VTIs), specializing in eighteen distinct trades. Descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank correlation analysis, and trade-specific BFI numerical scaling were employed to examine the relationship between personality traits and skill proficiency. Key findings reveal: (i) significant correlations between specific personality traits and trade proficiency, with notable variations across age and gender groups, and (ii) successful skill-to-trade mapping using BFI traits. These results highlight the potential of personality-aware approaches in vocational training to enhance occupational diversity and economic integration. By demonstrating the importance of aligning individual traits with skill development, this study contributes to the growing discourse on personalized vocational education. Future research should explore longitudinal studies to assess the long-term impact of personality traits on skill acquisition, career progression, and adaptability in vocational settings.

Relationship between the big five personality traits and PTSD among French police officers

Purpose: Our research investigated how physicians’ personality traits influence and interplay with other factors guiding their prescribing and medical decisions in a branded generics market like India.Design/methodology/approach:Our research is based on a conceptual framework andsurvey questionnaire developed from an extensive literature review on independent variables. Along with the other independent variables like Physician’s professional factors, Product-related factors, and product promotion factors, for physician’s personality traits as a factor, the survey questionnaire was integrated with HOGAN’s MVPI Questions, which were exposed to 171 respiratory physiciansfor recording their responses. Statistical methods or tools like descriptive personality, and inferentialstatistics from the latest SPSS 21 version have been employedFindings: Our findings showed that respiratory physician’s product prescribing decisions were significantly influenced by their specific personality traits such as Altruistic traits, Security traits, and Commerce traits apart from other factors such as Physician’s professional and pharmaceuticalProduct-related factors.Practical implications: The findings highlight the critical necessity for a thorough recording of physicians' prescribing practices, which are significantly influenced by their distinct personality traits. Healthcare authorities must prioritize the regular assessment of physicians' psychological well-being and overall health. This proactive approach enables physicians to promptly address any health issues in cases of burnout, thereby ensuring the continuous delivery of high-quality patient care. With the government making it, mandatory for all pharmaceutical organizations to follow the uniform product promotion code (UPPC) while promoting products to physicians, marketers need to strategically allocate optimal resources and outreach efforts with tailor-made marketing mix elements that are aligned with the preferences and personality traits of physicians, aimed towards enhancing their clinical knowledge, followed by the development of continuous patient initiatives aiming to improve their awareness, can lead to the development of belief with two-way communication among them leading to better treatment adherence and compliance from patients end. Such dedicated efforts initiated by the marketers, in the long term cancultivate trust and empathy between physicians and patients, laying the robust groundwork for patient-centered disease management. This can enable the development of goodwill or a better perception of pharmaceutical organizational promotional efforts by physicians, which is one of the aims of getting physician’s prescriptions for the promoted product.

The interest in different aspects of personality and the neuropsychological basis for behaviour in eating disorder patients has increased over the last decade. The present study aims at exploring personality traits, self-injurious behaviour (SIB) and suicide attempts in a group of severely ill eating disorder patients. Patients with eating disorders (N = 38) and age-matched controls (N = 67) were examined concerning self-reported personality traits by means of the Karolinska scales of personality (KSP). Psychosocial history and SIB was collected from medical records. Depression was rated by means of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results indicated significantly higher anxiety-related and detachment traits in both anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) patients and higher hostility in BN patients than controls. No specific personality traits could be defined as typical for self-injurious or suicidal behaviour. The AN group was lower than the BN group on scales measuring impulsivity, guilt and anxiety. Furthermore, presence of SIB and suicide attempts was more frequent among the BN patients.

Idiopathic vulvodynia is a chronic vulvar pain condition that occurs with a high burden of disease and frustratingly low therapeutic success. Psychosomatic factors are discussed to be involved in the onset and presentation of the disease. Sexual abuse has been positively associated with vulvar pain in general; similarly, patients suffering from vulvar pain are discussed to carry certain personality characteristics. Our aim was to examine two psychosomatic aspects: sexual violence/abuse and specific personality traits as associated factors for this particular patient cohort of idiopathic vulvodynia. This cross-sectional single-center study recruited 85 previously diagnosed vulvar pain patients (34 idiopathic vulvodynia, 31 eczema and 20 lichen patients) that visited the vulva clinic and 30 asymptomatic women that consulted the contraception or dysplasia consultation clinic at university hospital Zürich. Underage women and patients with vulvar pain due to other somatic diseases were excluded. All participants completed the Big Five Inventory-42 (BFI-42) questionnaire and the 3 vulvar pain groups additionally completed a customised questionnaire regarding vulvar pain symptoms and history of sexual violence/abuse. In the statistical analysis, the idiopathic vulvodynia patients were compared to the other vulvar pain groups in terms of history of sexual violence/abuse, vulvar pain symptom severity and personality traits. For the latter analysis, the asymptomatic control group was also included. Furthermore, an age-adjusted logistic regression was performed as confounder-control in the sexual violence/abuse analysis and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests included in the personality analysis. In total, 25% of all vulvar pain patients had a history of sexual abuse, with a prevalence of 17.7% in the idiopathic vulvodynia group. Symptom severity results were similar in idiopathic vulvodynia and other vulvar pain patients, whether they had experienced sexual violence/abuse or not. Also, the logistic regression analysis did not find any age-dependent association of sexual violence/abuse history and vulvodynia. Furthermore, no distinctive divergence in personality traits could be detected in idiopathic vulvodynia patients, neither in comparison to genital eczema or lichen patients, nor to control women. A finding that was further emphasised by Wilcoxon rank-sum testing. Median neuroticism scores in idiopathic vulvodynia patients were, however, highest in patients that reported the least or medium symptom severity. Sexual violence/abuse rates of all vulvar pain groups were higher than the estimated rate in the general female population. However, our findings did not suggest a higher prevalence of history of sexual violence/abuse in the idiopathic vulvodynia patients compared to the other vulvar pain groups and no specific personality profile could be demonstrated in idiopathic vulvodynia patients. Furthermore, the subgroup analyses did not show particularly high rates of sexual violence/abuse history or a distinct personality profile in idiopathic vulvodynia patients with more severe symptoms. Due to limited sample size in the present study, such correlations might, however, only be visible in larger patient cohorts. Also, other psychosomatic factors might be of more relevance in distinguishing the disease of idiopathic vulvodynia from other vulvar pain conditions.

The destructive behaviors in childhood may have many negative consequences not only for children themselves, but also for their closest social environment and for the wider society. Therefore, the behavior difficulties and conduct disorders in childhood are among the most important focuses of the developmental psychopathology research and practice. Introduction of personality dimensions into this area of investigation is one of the latest routes in these studies. Recently, the Five-factor model, also known as the Big-Five, has been considered to be one of the most compelling perspectives on the personality structure in adults and children. The present study examines multiple links among behavior difficulties and personality traits in children. Another important focus of the present study is on investigating the specific constellations of personality traits that are more likely to manifest with respect to certain patterns of behavioral difficulties in middle childhood. Data provided by the mothers of 451 children (age, 6 to 11 years) are analyzed in the paper. Children’s behavioral difficulties were measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL6/18). The Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children (HiPIC, Mervielde & De Fruyt, 1999) was used for evaluating personality traits. Analysis of the links among behavior problems and personality traits revealed that children who scored higher on externalizing difficulties had lower expressions of Benevolence, Conscientiousness, Imagination, and Emotional stability traits. These results are in accordance with the data obtained by other authors in the field. No correlation between Extraversion and Aggressive Behavior and Rule-breaking behavior was found. The positive correlation between the Emotional Instability dimension and the subscales of behavioral difficulties was discovered – children with higher scores on behavioral difficulties appeared to be more anxious and less self-confident. Four clusters based on personality traits were identified – adaptive, expressive, moderate, and vulnerable. The current study has indicated that children who do not demonstrate behavioral difficulties are more likely to be characterized by the adaptive personality profile with a higher expression of Benevolence, Conscientiousness, Imagination, and Extraversion and the moderate personality lower expression of Emotional Instability traits as well as by the profile with the expressed Benevolence trait which was labelled as the moderate group. In turn, children with behavioural difficulties, more often than expected by chance, may be characterized by the expressive personality profile with the expressed Extraversion and Imagination traits and by the vulnerable personality profile with a high expression of Extraversion and a low one of Benevolence and Conscientiousness traits.

Objective To know about the post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) of women with termination of pregnancy for fetal anomalies (TOPFA) , and investigate the relationship of PTSD and the big five personality traits. Methods The general questionnaire, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Big Five Questionnaire were administered to the women with TOPFA in hospital from February 2014 to February 2015. Results The total score of IES-R of 84 cases was 26.20 ± 16.38. The scores of 49 cases (58.3%) were more than 19 and that of 20 cases (23.8%) more than 35. Women who had the first pregnancy had higher level of arousal symptoms,12.84±7.41 vs. 9.65±5.53 (t = 2.25,P < 0.05) . Women whose scores were above 19 had lower adaptation, sociality, altruism and conscience compared with those scored ≤19, 14.96±3.29, 16.84±3.00, 18.55±3.49, 17.57±2.99 vs. 13.57±2.82, 18.31±2.65, 20.03±2.32, 18.86±2.21,t= 2.02-2.33,P < 0.05. The IES-R score had no linear correlation with that of the big five personalities, and intrusion subscale had linear correlation with the adaptation. Avoidance symptoms had low positive relationship with sociality in women whose IES-R were above 19,r = 0.23,P < 0.05. In populations whose IES-R scored above 19, avoidance subscale had positive weak correlation with sociality,r=0.31,P < 0.05. Conclusions The women with TOPFA had high level of PTSD before termination. Women with sever posttraumatic stress symptoms had lower sociality and altruism. Moreover, of the women who had sever posttraumatic stress symptoms, one with higher sociality always had higher avoidance symptoms. Key words: Pregnant women; Fetal anomaly; Post-traumatic stress; Big five personality traits

The current study examines associations between five factor personality traits and average sleep duration, sleep deficiency, and sleep problems. The participants were from two population-based samples from Australia (n = 1,104, age range 31-41) and Finland (n = 1,623, age range 30-45). Self-reports of sleep behavior, sleep problems (Jenkin's scale), and five factor model personality traits (NEO-FFI) were collected. Associations between personality traits and sleep were analyzed with linear regressions. The results showed that higher extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were, in general, associated with better sleep, whereas higher neuroticism was associated with sleeping less well. Openness was not associated with sleep. Most of the associations were replicable between the samples from the two countries, but personality traits explained only small part of the variance in sleep behavior. Increasing the knowledge on personality and sleep may benefit more personalized treatment of sleep disorders and help in personnel selection to jobs in which it is critical to stay alert. However, longitudinal research is needed to confirm the current findings.

BackgroundThe Four Factor Personality Vulnerability model identifies four specific personality traits (e.g., sensation seeking [SS], impulsivity [IMP], anxiety sensitivity [AS], and hopelessness [HOP]) as implicated in substance use behaviors, motives for substance use, and co-occurring psychiatric conditions. Although the relationship between these traits and polysubstance use in opioid agonist therapy (OAT) clients has been investigated quantitatively, no study has examined the qualitative expression of each trait using clients’ voice.MethodNineteen Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) clients (68.4% male, 84.2% white, mean age[SD] = 42.71 [10.18]) scoring high on one of the four personality traits measured by the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale [SURPS] completed a semi-structured qualitative interview designed to explore their lived experience of their respective trait. Thematic analysis was used to derive themes, which were further quantified using content analysis.ResultsThemes emerging from interviews reflected (1) internalizing and externalizing symptoms, (2) adversity experiences, and (3) polysubstance use. Internalizing symptoms subthemes included symptoms of anxiety, fear, stress, depression, and avoidance coping. Externalizing subthemes included anger, disinhibited cognitions, and anti-social and risk-taking behaviors. Adverse experiences subthemes included poor health, poverty, homelessness, unemployment, trauma, and conflict. Finally, polysubstance use subthemes include substance types, methods of use, and motives. Differences emerged between personality profiles in the relative endorsement of various subthemes, including those pertaining to polysubstance use, that were largely as theoretically expected.ConclusionPersonality is associated with unique cognitive, affective, and behavioral lived experiences, suggesting that personality may be a novel intervention target in adjunctive psychosocial treatment for those undergoing OAT.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between opioid use and specific personality traits among individuals with chronic pain stratified by morphine equivalent doses (MEQ). Design Observational cohort study. Setting. Chronic pain outpatient clinic in Canada (2017–2019). Patients. Participants were included if they (1) were at least 18 years old, (2) had been diagnosed with chronic pain (pain >3 months), and (3) were able to read and write in English. Interventions. None. Main Outcome Measures. Completion of the following outcome measures: Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Brief-Coping with Problems Experience 28-item, Brief Pain Inventory Short Form, CAGE-AID substance misuse screening tool, EuroQol-5D, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item, and Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item. One-way analysis of variance compared outcomes between MEQ groups. Results 215 individuals (64.2% female) were included with a mean age of 52.7 ± 11.7 years and time since pain onset of 14.1 ± 10.2 years (range 1–45). There were no significant differences between MEQ groups with respect to sociodemographic and clinical health variables except for gender and employment status and time since pain onset. After controlling for gender, time since pain onset, and average pain severity, patients with MEQ 90+ mg had significantly higher scores for experiential avoidance and anxiety sensitivity in addition to increased pain interference, greater depressive and anxiety symptoms, more dysfunctional coping, and poorer QoL than those with MEQ 1–89 mg or MEQ 0 mg. Conclusions Compared to individuals using no or lower-dose opioids to treat chronic pain, those using high-dose opioids had higher scores on two maladaptive personality traits (i.e., anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance) which was associated with poorer mood, greater pain interference, lower quality of life, and dysfunctional coping. These maladaptive personality traits may help to explain how individuals with chronic pain utilize higher doses of opioid analgesics.

Five factor model personality traits relate to adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder but not to their distinct neurocognitive profiles

is study examined the mediating role of Cultural Intelligence (CQ) in the relationship between personality traits and intercultural effective-ness among Senior High School students. In an increasingly globalized world, developing intercultural competence is essential for students to navigate diverse cultural environments effectively.The study employed a quantitative approach, gathering infor-mation from 100 Senior High School students in San Vicente Integrat-ed High School through a survey method. The Big Five Personality Traits questionnaire, the Cultural Intelligence Scale, and the Intercul-tural Effectiveness Scale were among the tools used in the survey.Mean and Standard Deviation were used to describe the responses of the respondents in their perceptions of Personality Traits, Intercul-tural Effectiveness, and Cultural Intelligence. Also, the Pearson prod-uct-moment correlation coefficient was used to determine the rela-tionship between Personality Traits and Intercultural Effectiveness. PROCESS Macro was used in Mediation Analyses.The findings show a positive correlation between higher levels of intercultural effectiveness and specific personality traits, namely con-scientiousness and openness to new experiences. Moreover, cultural intelligence significantly mediates this relationship, showing that stu-dents with higher Cultural Intelligence (CQ) are better able to leverage their personality traits to enhance their intercultural effectiveness.The results show how crucial it is to develop cultural intelligence in learning environments to get students ready for cross-cultural interac-tions. The development of focused interventions and instructional strategies that raise students' CQ and improve their capacity to per-form well in a variety of cultural contexts are examples of practical results.

BackgroundHealth-related quality of life (HRQL) is an accepted outcome measure in patients with mood and anxiety disorders. Yet, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the determinants. In this paper we test the hypothesis that it is associated with personality traits while controlling for mental disorders.MethodsA large sample of outpatients (n=640) with mood and anxiety disorders was studied. The empirically supported five factor model of normal personality traits was assessed using the NEO-FFI and includes: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Mental disorders were assessed with the CIDI, and HRQL with the SF-36.ResultsRegression analyses revealed that the NEO-FFI scores, with the exception of conscientiousness, were significantly associated with SF-36 subscales and summary scores, independently from the mental disorders. The percentage of explained variance due to the personality traits was highest for the subscales Vitality (10.0%), Mental Health (13.3%) and the Mental Health Summary Score (9.5%). Furthermore, specific personality traits were related to specific SF-36 subscales.ConclusionsA low HRQL of patients with mood or anxiety disorders is not only determined by the disease or the current health but is also shaped by personality traits that are relatively stable throughout an individual’s life time.