Flipping Subscription and Access Fees to Perpetuity

Revenue-Sharing Allocation Strategies for Two-Sided Media Platforms: Pro-Rata versus User-Centric

There has been an increasing call for peer-reviewed journals that publish scholarly evidence to become ‘Open Access’ whereby their contents can be freely retrieved with cost incurred to individuals accessing them. Two subtypes of Open Access journals are ‘hybrid open access’ (some articles are open access and others not), and ‘delayed open access’ (some articles are open access and other articles have delayed access) (Ohno-Machado, 2011). Traditionally, journals have been published in two ways. In the first instance, professional associations, government organisations, universities or learned societies published journals that were only available to members as a benefit or subscribers to that journal. The second option included journals that were published by private companies (e.g. Sage and Wiley-Blackwell) and subscriptions were sold to those who wanted access to the journals. In both these contexts, access to journal articles was restricted to individuals who had a paid subscription or access fee. There are several reasons why journals' becoming Open Access has become a timely topic. An emphasis on evidence-based practice; knowledge translation; journal quality metrics (such as impact factor); increased international visibility; higher citation rates for authors; plus many agencies who fund research requiring grant recipients to publish their findings in journals that are classified as Open Access (Willinsky, 2006) all put pressure on journals to provide this. Journals can be ‘Open Access’ in several ways. Firstly, a journal can be completely ‘Open Access’ using a fee-based approach or a no-fee option. The costs associated with fee-based open access journals is borne either by the journal's sponsoring organisation, the journal's publisher, the authors who submit the articles to the journal, the author's employer, a research grant an author has received, or a combination thereof. The Australian Physiotherapy Association's Journal of Physiotherapy is a recent example of a journal that is now no-fee, open access. Alternatively, a journal can have specific articles that are classified as accessible even though there may be other articles that are not. Editors can decide to make an article freely available or authors pay a fee to the journal publisher to enable free access. This is the current arrangement for the Australian Occupational Therapy Journal (AOTJ) with Wiley-Blackwell. One result of passing on the cost of making an article ‘Open Access’ is the rise of ‘vanity publishers’ and ‘predatory publishers’ who produce material that is presented as ‘open access’, but then charge authors large fees to accept and publish their manuscripts as a means of generating profits. ‘Many of these publishers are corrupt and exist only to make money off the author processing charges that are billed to authors upon acceptance of their scientific manuscripts’ (Beall, 2013, n.p.). These sources of information are considered not credible and are best avoided. A list of these journals and their publishers is available from Beall's List of Predatory Publishers 2013 (http://scholarlyoa.com/2012/12/06/bealls-list-of-predatory-publishers-2013/). AOTJ currently complies with all relevant research funding requirements by offering a variety of Open Access options. The AOTJ utilises a ‘hybrid open access’ approach where an author who has an article accepted for publication is able to pay a fee directly to the publishers to make it Open Access. The first issue of the current year and special issues of the AOTJ are also freely accessible for a period of time when they are first published. If the AOTJ wanted to become completely Open Access, then the cost linked to this would need to be carried either by the individual authors publishing in the AOTJ or by Occupational Therapy Australia Limited (OT AUSTRALIA) who contracts Wiley-Blackwell to publish the AOTJ and provides AOTJ as a member benefit. Both options would have additional cost implications for the parties involved. One primary advantage of making the AOTJ Open Access would be that it would likely increase the journal's Impact Factor by making its articles easier to retrieve and cite (Björk & Solomon, 2012). The question to be considered and debated is the cost-benefit of such a move for the Australian occupational therapy community, OT AUSTRALIA as an organisation, and OT AUSTRALIA's membership, Wiley-Blackwell as the publisher of the AOTJ and the users and consumers of occupational therapy evidence.

Remote Health Interventions: Effectiveness, Cost, and Cost-Effectiveness Considerations.

The Medical Information Center of The Jikei University School of Medicine subscribes to 410 foreign print journals, of which 320 can also be accessed via the university network. Due to increases in subscription fees and to budget constraints, subscriptions to print journals must be canceled if electronic versions are available. Although the transition from print to electronic journals is under way, we cannot change our journal collection exclusively to the electronic form, because perpetual access to the content is not ensured and the print form is still favored by most users. Therefore we have decided to retain the print subscriptions of core titles defined in our library's core journal list and to select electronic-only titles from non-core journals according to budget conditions.

Home is where your friends are: Utilizing the social graph to locate twitter users in a city

A systematic methodology for improving resource efficiency in small and medium-sized enterprises

The implementation of the financial decentralization reform in Ukraine, which is the most important component of the general reform of local self-government in Ukraine for seven years, already has the first results and materials for research and conclusions. The state has proposed stages of reform and further activities of local governments. The government ensures the declared national expenditures delegated to local councils and recognizes the significant degree of their independence in planning, creating and implementing their budget plans. However, at the local level there are a number of problems that lead to inefficiency or inexpediency of costly financial activities. The article considers the most significant, effective and universal conditions and factors for improving the efficiency of spending financial resources of local budgets in the implementation of local government reform in Ukraine. The reasons for the need to implement the reform of financial decentralization and the problems it should solve are presented. Among the described bases of increase of efficiency of use of means – legislative, organizational, resource. Their definition was made possible by studying the results of community spending management during the first years of the reform. Most of them have an organizational character, i.e. one that is possible for the community to implement as a cohesive social body at the local level, have a low level of costs or opportunities for external financing or co-financing. Factors of its implementation, author’s comments and evaluation of efficiency are provided to each defined condition. The most important among the basics of effective spending of local budgets are: the availability of necessary and quality legislation, preparation and use of motivated staff of local governments, creation and implementation of social dialogue in the community, comprehensive control and analysis of public spending, determining responsibility for job responsibilities relevant employees, use of foreign experience and best financial practices of Ukrainian communities, use of energy-saving technologies, optimization of local government maintenance costs. Each of the presented bases has the described factors of their implementation which are described in article. The use of such factors makes it possible to use the available on a possible basis the effectiveness of the use of local funds, an important component of the community’s own resources during the reform of local self-government.

The concept of the Circular Economy has generated significant impact as a sustainable alternative to the traditional linear economic model, emphasizing resource efficiency, waste reduction, and environmental sustainability. This study aims to explore the integration of circular economy practices within the field of property management through a comprehensive literature review conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. This systematic review analysing the existing literature on the circular economy and property management, identifying key themes and practices associated with the application of Circular Economy principles in property management. The review encompasses peer-reviewed articles, conference papers, and article journals published over the last decade. The findings reveal a growing interest in adopting of circular economy practices within property management, driven by the need for more sustainable building practices, improved resource efficiency, and enhanced asset value. Key themes identified include the implementation of closed-loop systems, sustainable building materials, waste minimization strategies, and the role of technology in facilitating Circular Economy practices. Trends of circular economy studies are evolving all around the world addressing significant issues such as waste reduction, resource efficiency, and long-term value creation within the property management sector. The increasing keywords related to Circular Economy identified are “Sustainability”, “Sustainable development”, “Facility management”, “Facilities management”, and “Property management”. The study concludes by outlining the potential benefits of integrating circular economy practices in property management, including reduced environmental impact, cost savings, and increased property value. Additionally, it identifies gaps in the existing literature and suggests areas for future research.

Serverless computing is a promising paradigm for delivering services to the Internet of Things (IoT) applications at the edge of the network. Its event-triggered computation, as well as fine-grained and agile resource scaling, is well-suited for a resource-constrained edge computing environment. However, general-purpose auto-scalers that are predominant in the cloud settings perform poorly for serverless computing at the Edge. This is mainly due to the difficulty in quickly determining the optimal resource allocation under resource-budget constraints and dynamic workloads. In this paper, we present an adaptive auto-scaler, KneeScale, that dynamically adjusts the number of replicas for serverless functions to reach a point at which the relative cost to increase resource allocation is no longer worth the corresponding performance benefit. We have designed and implemented KneeScale as lightweight system software that utilizes Kubernetes for resource management. Experimental results with a function-as-a-service (FaaS) benchmark, FunetionBeneh, and an open-source serverless computing platform, OpenFaaS, demonstrate the superior performance and resource efficiency of KneeScale. It outperforms Kubernetes Horizontal Pod AutoScaler (HPA) and OpenFaaS built-in scheduler in terms of cumulative performance under a given resource budget by up to 32 % and 106 % respectively. KneeScale achieves higher cumulative throughput than both competing techniques, lower latencies than OpenFaaS built-in scheduler, and similar latencies compared to HPA for a variety of serverless functions.

The Psyche Project is a mission to the asteroid (16) Psyche, featuring three science instruments, a gravity science investigation, and a Deep Space Optical Communication technology demonstration. (16) Psyche, located in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, will be the first potential metal world-instead of rock or ice─visited by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) managed mission will explore Psyche after a 2023 launch and a multi-year cruise. The mission uses a science instrument suite consisting of a pair of multispectral imagers, a gamma ray and neutron spectrometer, and a pair of magnetometers in a gradiometry arrangement. The Psyche timekeeping system is comprised of functions distributed throughout the Spacecraft, Payload, and Mission Systems. Readers will be introduced to the clocks and time systems used by the mission and the various correlation activities which transfer time knowledge between the Spacecraft Avionics and the ground and between the Spacecraft Avionics and the Payload instruments. This core of this paper provides a brief overview of the driving pointing control, pointing reconstruction, on-board ephemeris knowledge, and optical navigation requirements of the Psyche mission. Each of these requirements has a budget which suballocates the total allowable error to various sources, one of which is the timekeeping error. This paper will present a bottoms-up analysis of the timekeeping uncertainty for each driving pointing and navigation requirement for each phase of the mission. It will present the Project time budgets and walk through how each line item was calculated and the assumptions made in these calculations. The approaches and results of oscillator thermal stability, oscillator aging, flight system thermal performance, and avionics time correlation performance testing will be presented as supporting evidence of the time budget line items. The paper will provide readers an understanding of how to bound the uncertainty of reconstructed UTC measurement time, on-board ephemeris time knowledge, and predicted UTC command execution time for a deep space Spacecraft without an ultra-stable oscillator using the Psyche timekeeping architecture and mission plan as an example.

This article presents a novel methodological approach to territorial impact assessment in border regions: Dynamical Territorial Impact Assessment (DyTIA). Grounded in dynamical systems theory, DyTIA offers a framework for modelling complex and interdependent relationships between economic, social, environmental, and institutional dimensions of territorial development. In contrast to conventional static methodologies, DyTIA focuses on identifying feedback loops, time lags, threshold effects, and network interactions, thereby enabling a more accurate representation of the dynamic and often non-linear nature of border regions. The methodology was tested using data from the European Court of Auditors covering 23 INTERREG V-A programmes (2014–2020). The analysis revealed significant heterogeneity in funding allocations and thematic priorities across different border regions. Notably, the largest share of funding (23.2%) was directed towards the thematic objective of environmental protection and resource efficiency, highlighting the increasing importance of sustainability within EU cohesion policy. A case study based on the Greater Region programme demonstrated DyTIA’s capacity to uncover complex territorial effect chains and to support optimized resource allocation, especially under the constraints of a projected 18.6% budget reduction in the INTERREG NEXT framework for the 2021–2027 period. Particularly insightful was the analysis of interactions between different thematic objectives, which revealed synergistic effects that enhance overall territorial impact. Beyond its analytical utility, DyTIA also serves a strategic governance function. In the context of Ukraine’s European integration, DyTIA gains relevance as a policy tool for supporting the inclusion of Ukrainian border regions into the European space. The EGTC Tisza is examined as a pilot project for adapting DyTIA to the specific challenges of post-war recovery and EU accession preparation. Based on these findings, the article offers practical recommendations for applying DyTIA in national and regional strategic planning processes, for strengthening the institutional capacity of European Groupings of Territorial Cooperation (EGTCs), and for establishing a network of “territorial development and security laboratories” along Ukraine’s western border. Special attention is given to incorporating the security dimension into territorial impact assessments, in response to emerging geopolitical challenges. Ultimately, DyTIA is not only a methodological innovation but also part of a broader rethinking of how territorial development in border regions is conceptualized and governed. In a time of profound geopolitical changes, dynamic models such as DyTIA are essential for designing effective, sustainable, and inclusive strategies—strategies that contribute to integration and resilience, and help shape a more stable and secure European space, with Ukraine as an integral participant.

In this paper, we conceive an advanced neutral host micro operator (NH-{\mu}O) network approach providing venues with services tailored to their specialized/specific requirements and/or local context related services that the mobile network operators (MNOs) are poorly-suited to providing it, as well as mobile broadband experience to the users from MNOs in a venue where only a single infrastructure is mandated under shared spectrum access framework. A radio access network slicing concept is conceived to support and optimize both the slice instance (SI) use cases independently and efficiently by running all network implementations in parallel, simultaneously on a common physical network infrastructure. We devise a common shared architecture for the NH-{\mu}O small cell base stations and dynamic spectrum assignment control unit, and their required functionalities supporting coexistence of different SIs as well as multiple MNOs in shared spectrum access communications. We devise both inter-SI and intra- SI dynamic spectrum allocation policies considering time-varying requirements of different SIs. The policies are capable of taking care of application level priority, -i.e., mixture of guaranteed quality of service and best-effort service users served by each SI while ensuring a healthy competition. Our proposed framework serves two-fold advantages, such as it gives the venue owner its own managed wireless networks tailored to its very specific requirements, and it also brings out cost savings and coverage extension for MNOs and efficiency of resources that arise from sharing wireless networks, and delivering the network capacity into high density venues.

BackgroundInsomnia affects up to one-third of US adults and is a significant health challenge with an estimated economic burden of up to $100 billion annually. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for insomnia (CBT-I) is the recommended first-line treatment, but access is limited due to a shortage of trained therapists. Digital CBT-I offers an effective alternative that may enhance accessibility and reduce higher healthcare costs associated with insomnia.ObjectiveTo evaluate the US healthcare cost-savings of digital CBT-I compared with standard-of-care control.MethodsA retrospective difference-in-differences analysis compared 1-year preinitiation and post-initiation healthcare costs for 11 027 individuals receiving SleepioRx (FDA-cleared digital CBT treatment for insomnia disorder) compared with 1:1 exact matched controls with insomnia receiving standard care (n = 10 770). Commercial and Medicare claims were adjusted for comorbidities, index year, and baseline utilization.ResultsDigital CBT-I was associated with statistically significant mean annual total cost savings of 2083(951508-$2657, P < .001) per person, equating to a 42% reduction in costs with SleepioRx relative to matched controls who received standard of care (medications for insomnia).DiscussionDigital CBT-I was associated with substantial cost savings for payers. The integration of guideline-concordant treatment through digital delivery into standard care pathways offers a promising strategy to address the clinical and economic challenges of insomnia, supporting more efficient resource allocation.ConclusionsFindings suggest that implementing digital CBT-I at scale may lead to decreased costs for healthcare payers, relative to the current standard of care, while improving access to effective insomnia treatment.

This paper examines current trends in harmonizing Ukraine’s budget system with the European Union standards. It analyzes strategic budgeting, digitalization of public finance, fiscal decentralization, financial control and auditing, alignment with EU macroeconomic criteria, human capital development in public administration, and the impact of reforms on economic stability and social development. Ukraine is currently undergoing a comprehensive transformation aimed at aligning its economic and administrative institutions with European standards. Harmonization of the budget system represents not merely a technical financial adjustment, but a fundamental step towards transparent, efficient, and results-oriented public governance. This process integrates institutional, technological, and human aspects, reflecting contemporary approaches to financial policy and strategic management. A key trend in this transformation is the shift from a traditional expenditure-based model to a strategic, results-oriented, and program-targeted budgeting system. Each budget line is linked to specific measurable outcomes, enabling not only improved allocation of resources but also an objective assessment of public policy effectiveness. In 2024–2025, the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine has implemented several initiatives to introduce program-targeted budgeting, aligning national practice with EU standards and optimizing expenditure in priority sectors such as healthcare, education, and infrastructure. Digitalization of public finance has become an integral element of harmonization. The implementation of electronic budget platforms, open data systems, and integrated e-procurement solutions ensures transparency and real-time monitoring of financial flows. This approach reduces corruption risks and increases the speed and reliability of decision-making. According to the Ministry of Finance, the application of digital solutions in 2025 reduced budget processing times by 35% and made information on over 90% of state expenditures publicly accessible. Fiscal decentralization has also demonstrated tangible results. Delegating financial authority to local governments enhances democratic governance and ensures that resources are allocated according to community needs. This approach adheres to the subsidiarity principle, a cornerstone of European practice, which stipulates that decisions should be made as close as possible to citizens. Research indicates that communities with fiscal autonomy increased their local revenues by 20–25% through more efficient resource management and the use of grant funding. Financial control in Ukraine is evolving toward a preventive and analytical approach consistent with EU standards. The use of IT audits and automated control systems allows real-time detection of risks and irregularities, ensuring objective evaluation of budget performance. The introduction of independent auditing bodies, cooperation with international organizations, and standardization of audit methodologies enhance transparency and improve the efficiency of public resource utilization. Harmonization is also closely linked to adherence to EU macroeconomic criteria. Fiscal discipline, reduction of budget deficits, debt sustainability, and balanced revenue-expenditure management are essential indicators of financial stability. In 2025, Ukraine continues to implement medium-term budget planning and monitoring tools to maintain macroeconomic stability and increase attractiveness for international investors. Human capital development in public administration is another crucial aspect. The effectiveness of reforms depends not only on legal frameworks and technology but also on the professional skills and ethical standards of civil servants. Training programs, knowledge exchange with EU countries, and implementation of transparency-based management practices help create a competent workforce capable of implementing budget policies and integrating international governance standards. Pilot programs have already demonstrated a 15–18% increase in budget efficiency in select local governments. Harmonization also carries significant social implications. Budget reforms and transparent financial oversight increase public trust in state institutions, encourage civic participation, and foster a culture of responsible governance. This dimension highlights the civilizational importance of harmonization, as it cultivates a governance culture aligned with contemporary European norms. In conclusion, harmonizing Ukraine’s budget system with EU requirements is a multifaceted process encompassing technological, institutional, and social dimensions. It strengthens public administration, enhances financial stability, fosters local development, and builds professional and ethical human capital. Continued integration with European standards lays the foundation for sustainable economic growth and democratic governance in Ukraine.

Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) with healthcare offers transformative opportunities to enhance the management of healthcare operations, including continuity of care and resource efficiency. This study presents a Machine Learning (ML)-based framework to improve patient care transitions by identifying and prioritizing interventions for individuals at high risk of care fragmentation. Using a rich, longitudinal dataset spanning over a decade of patient hospitalization records, our predictive-prescriptive analytics model proactively identifies at-risk patients, optimizing resource allocation and mitigating disruptions in care provision. We benchmark our AI-driven approach against conventional strategies, including random and naïve interventions, demonstrating significant efficiency gains in cost savings and equitable resource allocations among equity-seeking groups. A key contribution of this work is the explicit consideration of fairness in decision-making, analyzing the trade-offs between operational efficiency and fairness, a key ethical consideration. Our findings highlight AI’s potential to streamline healthcare operations while balancing equity and efficiency, informing broader strategies for responsible and cost-effective healthcare management. By addressing biases and improving care continuity for vulnerable populations, this study advances the methodological and practical aspects of AI applications in healthcare as well as the ethical discourse surrounding its deployment. Our approach provides a novel perspective on leveraging emerging technologies, such as AI, to enhance patient outcomes while upholding principles of fairness and accountability.