Fluidized catalytic cracker control. A structural analysis approach

In this paper, the principles of the developed structural analysis approach for reactive moulding processes are rationalised and described. So far in the industry, the prediction of reactive moulding process induced problems that are directly related to the structural integrity of a finished product have largely been disregarded in the simulations. With the addition of the structural analysis method for reactive moulding processes, the fully three-dimensional simulation approach has been extended to cover all the process stages from mould filling, curing and post-casting heat treatment to final cooling down. The relevant physical phenomena, such as thermal and chemical deformations, that are affecting the structural integrity of analysed castings are taken into account. The utilisation of the structural analysis approach to a medium voltage industrial application case along with selected results is presented later in the paper. The combined effects of numerous variables contributing to the casting process formulate the biggest challenge for reliable analysis results.

Functional and structural analyses of behavior: Approaches leading to reduced use of punishment procedures?

ABSTRACTThis work focuses on developing a design methodology for reliable control system instrumentation. This methodology aims at optimising the instrumentation using a dependability criterion based on reliability and cost. The design methodology is primarily based on three processes: structural analysis of the relations between different variables and physical quantities that govern the system; evaluation of the reliability of the main mission of the control system instrumentation using the structural links, which depends on a graphical tree representation of the system in the design phase; and optimisation, which allows us to determine the best architecture for instrumentation. This methodology is illustrated for the design of an electric vehicle.

Coupled ship simulation in hydrodynamics and structural dynamics provides a comprehensive approach to understanding the dynamic behavior of ships under wave-induced loads. Improvements in computer power have made it much easier to create coupled simulation methods that combine structural and hydrodynamics analyses. A literature review based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 is used to look at future trends in this literature review. We have filtered 1440 articles in PRISMA 2020, including 93 articles for analysis. The bibliographic analysis reveals that China emerged as the first according to the first authors due to significant industrial and funding support. Based on 93 articles, computational methods can be grouped by the coupling method (one-way and two-way), the hydrodynamic analysis approach (potential flow and CFD), the structural analysis approach (FEM, TMM, and DMB), the hydrodynamics element type (2D and 3D), and the structural element type (1D and 3D). As an outcome of the review, it can be concluded that the most common approach is a two-way connection of the potential flow and FEM methods, which both use 3D elements for structural and hydrodynamic analyses. Future trends of this research should be explored based on the application of variables, reducing computational resources, and using artificial intelligence.

This paper investigates the collaboration of three numeral recognition techniques that will detect unconstrained handwritten numerals. Our research focuses on a feature-based approach, a method using eigenimages, and a structural analysis approach using wavelet transforms. These approaches will generate an estimate for the input numeral and a corresponding confidence value that in combination, yield a final decision. This paper shows that each individual method performs with a detection rate of better than 80%, and by combining the detection strategies, detection rates up to 94% are observed.

This study aims to determine the strategic factors and their relationship in improving the level of guest satisfaction at favehotel Gatot Subroto Jakarta. This study aims to determine the strategic factors and their relationship in increasing guest satisfaction at Favehotel Gatot Subroto Jakarta. This study uses a structural analysis approach. The analytical method uses MICMAC to identify the most influential variables and their relationship to guest satisfaction at Favehotel Gatot Subroto Jakarta. The results of the analysis that embody the typology of strategic variables based on the strength of influence found 19 strategic variables classified in 4 quadrants, namely: (1) Dominant variables consist of: 3 variables, 2 price dimensions and 1 location dimension, (2) Key variables consist of: 7 variables (2 dimensions of product, 2 dimensions of facilities, 2 dimensions of atmosphere, and 1 dimension of promotion). (3) The output variable consists of: 1 variable (1 service dimension). (4) Autonomous variables consist of: 8 variables (3 service dimensions, 2 promotion dimensions, 1 location dimension, 1 facility dimension, 1 location dimension). The results of this study indicate various sources of information for policy makers in increasing guest satisfaction at Favehotel Gatot Subroto Jakarta.

Efficient global sensitivity analysis framework and approach for structures with hybrid uncertainties

Neural networks-based spring element for second-order analysis of pile-supported structures with nonlinear soil- structure interaction

When designing information systems, it is important to consider the needs of users with disabilities, including those with visual impairment, hearing impairment, or color-blindness. This is especially important for designing Websites. It takes time and money to create or redesign Websites for easy access for users with disabilities. This is also known as Web accessibility. This chapter will discuss the ethical implications involved with Web accessibility. An ethical analysis of Web accessibility will be performed using a partial combination of two structured analysis approaches. It is the position of the authors of this chapter that Website development should consider accessibility for users with sensory and motor disabilities as an ethical requirement.

In most applications Human Error Analysis as a practice does not exist. When the result of a particular mishap investigation is identified as human error there is usually no further analysis. It appears that human errors are accepted to be an integral part of human-machine systems. The end result of this attitude is that human error has been blamed as causing a mishap far too often. I.E., mishap investigators, when confronted with complex situations, opt for human error as an easy way out, because they know no one will argue. Essentially to name human error as the cause of a mishap is tantamount to admitting that no other cause can satisfactorily be found. This is not an acceptable situation. A structured analysis approach is presented which will enable the mishap investigator to identify tangible causes which otherwise would have been termed human error. further a means of solving pure human error cases is suggested.

The structural analysis objective is to determine the actions effects in a structure, with the purpose of verifying the ultimate limit states and serviceability" (Brazilian Code NBR 6118:2003 -Design of concrete structures). The structural analysis is one of the main parts of a building structural design, since it involves the choice of theoretical models that represent appropriately the real structure, and the type of analysis due to the materials behavior. This work intends to shorten the distance between design engineers and the academic world, providing a clearer vision of the NBR 6118:2003 structural analysis approach. This work considers the most common structural models used for buildings, and the theory concerning the different types of analysis permitted by the Brazilian Code. It presents simple examples of linear elements computed by different types of analysis, emphasizing the moment redistribution possibility, either with the linear analysis with redistribution or the plastic analysis. The importance of considering T-beam with moment redistribution is made clear, and lines of direction to consider alternate position of live loads are given. The last example presents an eight store building, and its differences relative to efforts and displacements, obtained by distinct structural models.

Background: Scenario is the primary method in futures studies, and thus its improper use can undermine the credibility and claimsof the results. There are many scenario types, and here we aimed at understanding whether these scenarios are being used properly inthe health field.Methods: In this study, a combination method was used in 3 phases, and 8 + 2 steps were considered to accommodate the needs ofthe health sector with capabilities of the main types of scenarios. One of the appropriate methods of futures studies was used at each step.Results: Scenario planning has evolved along with futures studies paradigms. Trend-based scenarios, intuitive logic, and structural analysis approaches have had the most use in futures scenarios and health section. Quantitative techniques, which are close to the positivist paradigm, have been most widely used; however, participatory methods of futures studies paradigm have been used the least in the health sector.Conclusions: Health scenario writing in its current state is targeting short- to medium- term futures and does not respond to all requirements. Thus, other backup methods should also be considered.

Purpose — Analysis of nonprismatic members has received a great deal attention from designers and engineers due to their ability in satisfaction of architectural and aesthetic necessities. Using these structural members in complex structures such as aircrafts, turbine blades and space vehicles, exact static and dynamic analyses of these members become more significant. Based on structural/mechanical principles, the purpose of this paper is to present a new method to evaluate exact structural matrices for nonprismatic Euler‐Bernoulli beam elements. Design/methodology/approach — Through introducing the concept of basic displacement functions (BDFs), it is shown that exact shape functions are derived in terms of BDFs. BDFs and their derivatives have structural interpretations; therefore, they are obtained via application of flexibility method. Unlike the conventional methods, which are almost categorized as displacement‐based methods, the flexibility basis of the method ensures the true satisfaction of equilibrium equations at any interior point of the element. Findings — The exact shape functions and consequently structural matrices are derived for general nonprismatic beam elements. Numerical examples are carried out to determine static deflection and natural frequencies, and the results are highly competent with the other methods in literature. Research limitations/implications — The method can be extended to structural analysis of curved beams, plates and shells as well. Moreover, it is possible to derive exact dynamic shape functions via BDFs by solving the governing equation for transverse vibration of beams. Theoretically, the method faces limitation in analysis of nonprismatic beams that converge to a point where cross‐sectional area and moment of inertia are equal to zero. Practical implications — The development of this idea, i.e. BDFs seems to lead to promotive novel approaches for structural analysis and could be a breaking point for developing new elements for plates and shells as it was shown for beam elements. Originality/value — The paper's introduction of special functions, namely BDFs and their application, in both static and dynamic analyses of structures, could be a breaking point in analysis procedures.

A cellular framework for structural analysis and optimization

Metallic nanorods are embedded in semiconductor microdisk in such a way that they direct the field in dipole fashion for near field applications. For the simulation of nanorods Lorentz-Drude (LD) model and for the simulation of semiconductor microdisk solid state model are incorporated into Maxwell equations. The solid state model consists of Pauli Exclusion Principle, state filling and dynamical Fermi-Dirac thermalization. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is applied to the approach for analysis of structures.