Fog-based caching mechanism for IoT data in information centric network using prioritization

Information centric networking (ICN) and software-defined networking (SDN) are two emerging networking paradigms that promise to solve different aspects of networking problems. ICN is a clean-slate design for accommodating the ever increasing growth of the Internet traffic by regarding content as the network primitive, adopting in-network caching, and name-based routing, while SDN focuses on agile and flexible network management by decoupling network control logic from data forwarding. ICN and SDN have gained significant research attention separately in the most of the previous work. However, the features of ICN have profound impacts on the design and operation of SDN, such as in-network caching and data-centric security. Conversely, SDN provides a powerful tool for experimenting and deploying ICN architectures and can greatly facilitate ICN functionality and management. In this paper, we point out the necessity of surveying the scattered works on integrating SDN and ICN (SD-ICN) for improving operational networks. Specifically, we analyze the points of SD-ICN strengths and opportunities, and discuss the SDN enablers for deploying ICN architectures. In addition, we review and classify the recent work on improving the network management by SD-ICN and discuss the potential security benefits of SD-ICN. Finally, a number of open issues and future trends are highlighted.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is overrunning different domains and applications, where the use of wireless sensors and mobile devices is indispensable in such a mobile environment. These heterogeneous devices may generate a tremendous amount of content. Information-Centric Network (ICN) paradigm has been proposed to meet today’s users and application requirements. The in-network caching is a fundamental feature supported by design in ICN that improves network performance by providing ubiquitous caching in the network layer. Since most IoT devices are resource-constrained with limitations in communication, processing, energy, and memory; the energy-efficiency is a prime concern in IoT deployment. Different factors may affect energy efficiency in ICN-based wireless IoT networks such as transport (communication), caching, and energy limitation. This research paper attempts to focus on the in-network caching in wireless IoT to maximize the energy-efficiency. We propose an Energy-aware caching placement scheme (EaCP) that aims to maximize the energy-saving by trading-off between content transmission energy and content caching energy. Compared to other strategies, the simulation results show significant improvements while ensuring low data replication and a high cache hit ratio.

Current Internet architecture is becoming inadequate for new requirements of highly scalable and efficient distribution of contents. Information Centric Networking (ICN) is one of the alternatives for the Next Generation Internet (NGI), which focuses mainly on contents. In-network caching is one of the major attributes of ICN, which allows contents to be cached in any ICN node. Any user can access ICN contents from different distributed locations. This attribute maximizes the problem of unauthorized access to ICN contents. In this paper, we propose a Decentralized Access Control Protocol for ICN architectures (DACPI). In this protocol, fewer public messages are needed for access control enforcement between ICN subscribers and ICN nodes than the existing access control protocols. DACPI depends on ICN self-certifying naming scheme. We perform security analysis on DACPI for the following attacks: man-in-the-middle, forward security, replay attacks, integrity, and privacy violations. According to the security analysis, DACPI prevents unauthorized access to ICN contents with fewer messages passed.

Business processes (BPs) are more and more enhanced with IoT devices, i.e., sensors monitoring relevant parameters of the physical environment and actuators automating certain tasks. Integrating the data generated by these IoT devices with typical process event data opens the door for the analysis of IoT-enhanced BPs at an unprecedented level of detail. In particular, IoT data enable the contextualisation of BPs to improve the prediction of next activities or process outcomes. However, existing predictive process monitoring techniques are not able to take IoT data as input, due to three challenges: i) the granularity gap between IoT and process data, ii) the uncertain scope of relevance of IoT data, and iii) the dynamicity of IoT data. In this paper, we examine these challenges and put forward three novel approaches for IoT-enhanced predictive process monitoring. These three approaches are evaluated in a real-life manufacturing case study analysing an IoT-enhanced production process where IoT and process event data are combined to predict when an activity of interest, prompted by specific IoT data patterns, will take place. Our evaluation shows that approaches integrating IoT data outperform traditional control-flow based techniques.

Information-Centric Networks (ICN) see the future architecture of the internet (radical change) by using an information-driven model and integrating from the design the essential functionalities to reach the best performances. Current approaches to ICN employ in-network caching to minimize the latency of information retrieval. Any content distribution over the network will be decided by the caching strategy adopted either along the delivery path or off-path caching. In ICN, caching is a key component essential for improving the quality of service by bringing content as close as possible to customers and reducing network traffic thereby minimizing bottlenecks and waiting time for customers. Software-Defined Networks is characterized by a total separation between the forwarding and control planes, easy network programmability, support for existing applications and architectures, and even for the deployment of new architectures with an open exchange. ICN and SDN are both very active axes proposing solutions for the future architecture of the Internet but with two different starting points. Their integration certainly triggers a promising hybrid solution but generates challenges such as in-network caching and data-centric security functionalities from an SDN perspective. In return, ICN is a radical solution that requires an organizer/supervisor to be deployed on the architectures of existing networks. Because of this, in this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of the existing in-network caching mechanisms for CCN and SD-CCN architectures.

A survey of Internet of Things communication using ICN: A use case perspective

With the rapid growth of internet traffic, the traditional host-to-host TCP/IP architecture is subject to many service limitations faced with content-oriented applications. Various novel network architectures have been proposed to solve these limitations, among which Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is one of the most prominent. ICN features the decoupling of content (service) from the physical devices storing (providing) it through location-independent naming, and offers inherent enhancement to network performance, such as multicast and in-network caching. ICN in-network caching has been extensively studied, and we believe that it may also be the main incentive for ISPs to deploy ICN. A CDN (content delivery network) is a typical content-oriented network paradigm that aims to provide the fast delivery of content. In this paper, we leverage the advantages of the in-network caching of ICN to enhance the content delivery efficiency of CDN by integrating ICN as a service. First, we present our design of a content delivery network enhanced with ICN, called IECDN. Additionally, we formulate a mathematical model to optimize the performance of our proposed design and conduct a series of evaluations. The results indicate that our proposed design provides significant performance gains while reducing bandwidth consumption and shows better resilience to traffic surge.

Information Centric Networking (ICN) is a new and promising network concept which is founded upon the idea that most users in the internet are interested in accessing digital objects, irrespectively of their locations. Digital objects in ICN have unique names that are used in order to route data content from the source node to the destination node. During the content delivery from sources to destinations, the data contents are cached to intermediate nodes in order to achieve efficient and reliable distribution of the data content among the network infrastructure (in-network caching). In this research project we focus on the efficiency of ICN for delivering Big Data with Persistent Identifiers. We proposed a Mapping Architecture for resolving PIDs to ICN names and we evaluate the efficiency of in-network caching when delivering Big Data objects. Our results showed that in-network caching can offer significant performance benefits when the cache size of the network elements that perform in-network caching is bigger than the Big Data object size.

The growing demand for video streaming is straining the Internet, and mandating a fundamental change in future networking paradigms. Current advancements in Information-centric Networks (ICN) promise a novel approach to intrinsically handling content dissemination, caching and retrieval. While streaming technologies are converging towards Dynamic Adaptive Streaming (DAS), in-network caching in ICN facilitates serving users with better video qualities, potentially beyond their actual bandwidth-mandated throughput. In this paper, we propose an assessment framework for adaptive video streaming to evaluate the performance of ICN caching schemes, and measure their impact on improving users' streaming experience. We present a thorough study of core performance metrics and adopt those metrics which are designed for video caching. We conduct experiments on a NS-3 based simulator, ndnSIM, and propose insights which will aid the development of future caching schemes that cater to inevitable bitrate variations.

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is a communication paradigm for the future Internet that matches the pattern of information-oriented applications and provides in-network caching. Thanks to such properties, ICN has been recently considered as a solution for the IoT. However, IoT shows challenging features: many devices are resource-constrained and applications usually originate transient information. As a consequence, ICN-IoT solutions requires new design choices. Among them, it is crucial understanding if constrained devices can successfully implement ICN caching and forwarding functionalities, and what are the delivery performance.

International audience

A Lightweight Forwarding Strategy for Named Data Networking in Low-end IoT

As content distribution over the Internet become more and more popular and important, future Internet architecture requires highly scalable infrastructures to distribute content efficiently. Information-Centric Networks (ICN) was proposed as a kind of important future Internet architecture to facilitate the contents distribution. ICN uses content name as the routing locator has been proposed for efficient contents distribution. In ICN, content is dynamically cached in routers, which is different from traditional content distribution networks that still use IP address as routing locator and cache content at distributed servers, and caching has been identified as a critical component for ICN. This paper proposes a time-based caching mechanism for Service Providers (SPs) to monetize caching. The SPs cache contents of Contents Providers (CPs) for a certain mount of time, depending on the payment from CPs.

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is a promising candidate architecture for the future internet that leverages the content name instead of the source of the content (host address). ICN decouples the content from its original location and owner, and enables in-network caching at the network layer. Similarly, the inception of ioT has enabled futuristic applications and services in almost every walk of life. Due to the nature of Internet of Things (IoT) applications, traditional TCP/IP-based internet architecture faces challenges such as addressing, heterogeneity, availability, scalability, and resource constraints. Therefore, ICN can be a suitable choice to address these challenges in IoT applications. Among other features of ICN, the in-network caching feature increases the availability and efficiency of content-sharing in IoT networks. Therefore, it is essential to have efficient cache placement strategies in ICN to increase its utility. in this regard, in this article, we propose an ICN cache placement strategy at the edge network for IoT applications. More precisely, we design a distributed cache placement scheme that aims to push the popular content to the edge network and keep the relatively less-popular content at the core. We also propose a collaborative mechanism to fetch content from the nearest neighbor's content-store as well as propose a cache replacement policy based on the content popularity. Through extensive simulations, we evaluate the proposed scheme and the obtained results show the efficiency and out-performance against similar strategies in the literature.

The detection of secure vehicles for content placement in vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communications makes a challenging situation for a well‐organized dynamic nature of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET). With the increase in the demand of efficient and adoptable content delivery, information‐centric networking (ICN) can be a promising solution for the future needs of the network. ICN provides a direct retrieval of content through its unique name, which is independent of locations. It also performs better in content retrieval with its in‐network caching and named‐based routing capabilities. Since vehicles are mobile devices, it is very crucial to select a caching node, which is secure and reliable. The security of data is quite important in the vehicular named data networking (VNDN) environment due to its vital importance in saving the life of drivers and pedestrians. To overcome the issue of security and reduce network load in addition to detect a malicious activity, we define a blockchain‐based distributive trust model to achieve security, trust, and privacy of the communicating entities in VNDN, named secure vehicle communication caching (SVC‐caching) mechanism for the placement of on‐demand data. The proposed trust management mechanism is decentralized in nature, which is used to select a trustworthy node for cluster‐based V2V communications in the VNDN environment. The SVC‐caching strategy is simulated in the NS‐2 simulator. The results are evaluated based on one‐hop count, delivery ratio, cache hit ratio, and malicious node detection. The results demonstrate that the proposed technique improves the performance based on the selected parameters.