FPGA Implementation of Division Algorithm for SVPWM

The Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) is possibly the best among all the PWM techniques for variable frequency drive applications. Unfortunately, the modulation algorithm is mainly implemented with software based on microcontroller or digital signal processors (DSP). These are software-based technique purely and obviously not an ideal solution. Employing Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) to realize SVPWM strategies provides advantages that it is considered as an appropriate solution to boost system performance of an SVPWM algorithm. Moreover, although in the literatures the implementation for three-phase SVPWM based on FPGA is not lacking, however all these designs are based on the conventional SVPWM without considering hardware-resource saving and not simple. This paper present a simple realization of 5-segment discontinuous SVPWM with a difference approach based on FPGA, in which the judging of sectors and the calculation of the firing time to generate the SVPWM waveform is simple, and also the switching losses is low. The proposed discontinuous SVPWM has been designed and successfully implemented by using APEX20KE Altera FPGA considering hardware-resource saving and has successfully driven a three phase inverter system with induction machine 1.5 kW as load.

Based on the equation of small pure electric vehicle (PEV) and the mathematic model of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), synchronous motor (PMSM), the dynamic model is presented for small PEV driven by PMSM. With space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) algorithm, a velocity and current double closed-loop simu- lation model of PMSM control system is build in Matlab7.6/Simulink environment. Simulation results show that: the sys- tem has the advantages of fast response, high precision, strong anti-interference ability, and this novel method offers a new thought way for designing and debugging driving system of PEV.

A new instantaneous torque-control strategy is presented for high-performance control of a permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor. In order to deal with the torque pulsating problem of a PM synchronous motor in a low-speed region, new torque estimation and control techniques are proposed. The linkage flux of a PM synchronous motor is estimated using a model reference adaptive system technique, and the developed torque is instantaneously controlled by the proposed torque controller combining a variable structure control (VSC) with a space-vector pulse-width modulation (PWM). The proposed control provides the advantage of reducing the torque pulsation caused by the nonsinusoidal flux distribution. This control strategy is applied to the high-torque PM synchronous motor drive system for direct-drive applications and implemented by using a software of the digital signal processor (DSP) TMS320C30. The simulations and experiments are carried out for this system, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control.

This paper proposed a method which was based on DSP and FPGA and applied in the fully digital and high-performance permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) AC servo system. In the system, the position loop control combined PI control and feedforward control was implemented by DSP unit, while the speed loop and current loop control were implemented by FPGA unit. Since FPGA provided a kind of hardware design scheme for the control system, it had the features of a special control IC. The functions of vector control algorithm, velocity and current sampling, space vector pulse width modulation and PI algorithm were included in the special control IC. In the meanwhile, it also provided host communication interfaces that could realize the real-time modification of the control parameters in the IC. Finally, the experimental results indicate that this system has high-speed response and well static state control performance.

Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is the most widely used motor in electric vehicles (EV) due to its high power density and high efficiency. Conventional direct torque control (DTC) is developed to improve the performance of speed response of the PMSM drive but it suffers from higher torque ripples. Therefore a space vector modulation (SVM) based DTC has been developed to enhance the speed response. Due to the use of flux comparator and torque comparator conventional DTC has disadvantages such as higher torque and current ripples at steady state. To improve the performance of PMSM drive a space vector pulse width modulation is used with 3 level NPCI. To improve the performance of 2 level inverter in the PMSM drive is replaced with a neutral point clamped inverter (NPCI). Also, the switching selection strategy of SVM is modified using nearest three space vector pulse width modulation to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) in the inverter output. The simulation outcome proves that the SVM technique implementation in DTC for 3 level NPCI yields good performance for PMSM.KeywordsElectric vehicles (EV),voltage source inverter (VSI)Direct torque control (DTC)Neutral point clamped inverter (NPCI)Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM)Space vector modulation (SVM)Total harmonic distortion (THD)

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have dominated the motion control industry to the present, and, according to the current trend, there seems to be no end for it Induction motors have always been a minority in the motion control, and they are mainly used in applications, where the field weakening can be utilized to avoid the over-sizing of the drive, which would be the case with PMSMs. There is an increasing trend of using Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) because of their easier digital realization and better dc bus utilization. In this paper both Sinusoidal PWM and space vector PWM feeding a PMSM motor are considered. These techniques are studied through simulation using MATLAB/SIMULENK software and the performance of both the techniques are compared. It is shown through simulation that Space vector PWM effectively utilize dc line voltage and generates reduced THD when compared with Sinusoidal PWM.

One of the popular AC motor drive available in drive industry is permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive. A novel approach of PMSM drive control using space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique is proposed based on the principle of field oriented control (vector control). In MATLAB / Simulink platform the whole system is implemented in which two control loops are used-inner current loop and outer speed loop. Beside continuous-time control, digital control using shift operator and delta operator is also presented. It is shown that the delta operator control scheme provides a unified frame-work and converges to the continuous-time control at high sampling frequency. However, the shift operator based control scheme does not leads to satisfactory result as the sampling speed increases. Simulation results verified the above facts.

This paper is to present a new space vector pulse width modulation (PWM) algorithm for four switch three phase inverter (FSTPI) fed induction motor under DC-link voltage imbalance. By using reasonable mathematical transform, space vector PWM (SVPWM) technique for FSTPI under DC-link voltage imbalance or ripples have been solved, which is based on the establishment of basic space vectors and modulation technique in similarity with six-switch three-phase inverters. This approach has a very important sense to solve hard problems for FSTPI under DC-link voltage imbalance, for example ensuring the required voltage for undermodulation mode and overmodulation mode 1 and 2, extended to six-step mode. Matlab/Simulink is used for the simulation of the proposed SVPWM algorithm for undermodulation, overmodulation mode 1 and 2. This SVPWM approach is also validated experimentally using DSP TMS320LF2407a in FSTPI-IM system.

The development of electric and hybrid vehicles has gained increasing attention in recent years. This paper proposes an Electric drive for Hybrid vehicles application and its control strategy to achieve a wide speed range. In these vehicles, important requirements for the electric drive are low weight, small volume, high efficiency and low cost. When choosing the motor for the vehicle drive, the induction motor is an obvious alternative but a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) can offer advantages in terms of higher efficiency and specific power. In this paper a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) is used as an electric drive machine. The operation of a PMSM above the base speed is possible by weakening the permanent-magnet excitation by a demagnetizing field component supplied by the stator winding. This can be done by closed loop operation of PMSM. The speed and torque control of the PMSM drive used as hybrid vehicle is controlled by proper tuning the PI controllers. A three level diode clamped inverter using IGBT's has simulated, whose switching sequences are controlled by Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM). A mathematical model of PMSM drive suitable for hybrid vehicle has simulated and proper closed loop control is established by field oriented control method. The entire work is done in MATLAB/SIMULINK.

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents a proposed space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) controller for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The Space vector pulse width modulation controller is used for power loss, torque ripple minimization of this type of motors. The proposed controller is a newly applied of Belt starter generator (BSG). The dynamic response of the BSG with the proposed controller is studied during the starter and generator modes with desired torque and speed with the optimal I<sub>d</sub>, I<sub>q</sub> current input. The effectiveness of the proposed space vector pulse width modulation is then analyzed with Field oriented control (FOC) characteristics in the BSG operating system. The analysis results are presented to demonstrate the characteristics and effectiveness of the proposed control techniques.</div></div>

The direct torque control theory has achieved great success in the control of permanent magnet synchronous motor. A Direct Torque Control (DTC) scheme of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is presented. Based on in-depth analysis of PMSM mathematical model in abc frame and  frame are established and the operation principle of DTC-SVPWM system, the relationships between the torque and fundamental components. A novel space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) method which has a feature of low harmonic is proposed. The proposed method is adopted to implement the direct torque control (DTC) of a three-phase PMSM. A large number of simulation results show that the DTC System of PMSM has fast response and good dynamic performance. Aiming at the direct torque control in PMSM Drives, in this paper explained the theoretical basis of the direct torque control (DTC) for PMSM firstly. Then explained the difference between the applications of DTC-SVPWM to PMSM. Finally the MATLAB/Simulink models were developed to examine the DTC- SVPWM for PMSM. The simulation results is presented in this paper.

A single chip FPGA-based solution for controlling of multi-unit PMSM motor with time-division multiplexing scheme

In this work, we present an algorithm for the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) applied to five-level diode clamped inverter. In this algorithm, the space vector diagram of the five-level inverter is decomposed into six space vector diagrams of three-level inverters. In turn, each of these six space vector diagrams of three-level inverter is decomposed into six space vector diagrams of two-level inverters. This idea allows us to generalize the two-level SVPWM algorithm into the case of five-level inverter.

A compact algorithm of space vector pulsewidth modulation (SVPWM) for three-phase inverters is proposed and developed in this paper. Simplified by the proposed method, the conventional SVPWM is decomposed into fast integer operations entirely by using an intermediate vector, which will properly counteract the redundant calculations of the remaining procedures. This concept can not only simplify a two-level scheme, but is also suited for multilevel implementation. Since it can be implemented without any multiplier or divider, the fast algorithm is especially suitable for field programmable gate array applications. Then, an area- and speed-efficient IP-core based on this algorithm is built and tested. It ensures lower hardware resource usage, and at the same time, operates several times faster than some reported examples. Finally, experimental results obtained from a dc-ac inverter prototype are presented to verify the viability and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

This paper proposes an architecture based on Space Vector Pulse-Width Modulation (SVPWM) for fault-tolerant motor controller. The proposed architecture integrates Scalar Control with SVPWM to increase area-efficiency and functionality of the module. The implementation on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) using Verilog increase the area utilization to only 1.5 times compared to the SVPWM and maximum operating frequency of around 60 MHz. The functionality of the design is tested in simulation for constant and variable motor speed and has shown a promising result with error of 0.97% for constant speed and 1.98% for variable speed. Based on the result, the proposed architecture for SVPWM with Scalar Control capability is proven to be a viable option for fault-tolerant design for motor controller when the feedback is absent.