Framework for interoperable service architecture development

The purpose of implementing Enterprise Architecture (EA) is to create alignment between the enterprise architecture and the strategic plans of institutions and business functions, allocation of institutional resources, and selection of information technology tailored to the institutional business needs. To develop the application of EA, an EA methodology is needed with a Blended Methodology approach from several EA (Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) methodologies, The Open Group Architecture Framework - Architecture Development Method (TOGAF-ADM), Oracle Architecture Development Process (OADP), Enterprise Unified Process. (EUP). By knowing the relationship between several EA methodologies, a new methodology can be generated that can help develop the EA implementation of an institution to achieve its strategic objectives.

As an administrative area under the Sub-District, Kelurahan Dampit does not yet have an information system and information technology that supports its activities, such as technical administration for all activities inside Kelurahan Dampit, reporting and monitoring of monitoring of community activities, administration of correspondence, population registration, inventory of problems related to community services, manufacturing report on the implementation of duties and filing. Therefore, it is necessary to plan an enterprise architecture to increase the effectiveness of work in public services, reporting, monitoring and managing the internal functions of the Kelurahan. This study discusses the planning of enterprise architecture in Kelurahan Dampit using the TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) framework with the ADM (Architecture Development Method) method as a method used for guidance or tools to plan, design, develop and implement information system architecture. This enterprise architecture planning will produce a business architecture blueprint that describes business processes, an application architecture that describes application design and interactions with other related applications, a data architecture that describes data storage, management and access, a technology architecture that describes the supporting hardware and software application infrastructure as well as the roadmap for implementing the application for Kelurahan Dampit.

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang arsitektur perusahaan di Balai Penerapan Standar Instrumen Pertanian (BPSIP) dengan menggunakan metode TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) Architecture Development Method (ADM). Sebagai lembaga pemerintah, BPSIP menghadapi tantangan dalam pengelolaan sistem informasi yang terpisah, mengakibatkan rendahnya efisiensi operasional dan hambatan dalam pengambilan keputusan berbasis data. Penelitian ini menerapkan fase perencanaan dan desain dalam TOGAF ADM untuk merancang solusi yang komprehensif. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam integrasi sistem dan efisiensi operasional, serta memberikan kerangka kerja yang aplikatif bagi BPSIP. Kontribusi penelitian ini mencakup panduan implementasi yang dapat diadaptasi oleh lembaga pemerintah lainnya. Temuan ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya keselarasan antara strategi bisnis dan teknologi informasi dalam meningkatkan kinerja organisasi.</p>

Despite its growth and resilience over the last decades, the cruise industry faces significant challenges in its strategic, operational, and technology domains. The unique complexity of the industry requires cruise companies to adopt a structured approach to enterprise transformation. To address this problem, this aims to provide an Enterprise Architecture (EA) blueprint for the cruise industry. Using a case study of a leading cruise line, CruiseX, this study analyzes the operational model of the cruise line and apply two industry-leading standards: The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) and the ArchiMate modelling language. This study applies the four core phases of TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM) from the initial phase of Architecture Vision (Phase A), through the definition of Business Architecture, Information System Architecture, and Technology Architecture (Phase B to D). The ArchiMate language is utilized to visualize the core business processes, information systems, and technology architecture. By using TOGAF ADM as the technical guidelines and ArchiMate as the modeling language, the result of this study is a blueprint of core business processes, application and data that support each business processes, and the underlying technology infrastructure, that provides a structured framework and serves as an actionable tool for implementing enterprise architecture in cruise industry. This research also extends the application of TOGAF and ArchiMate to the under-research cruise industry domain. The study’s limitations include the reliance on publicly available data, the limited scope of business processes, and the lacks of practitioner validation, suggesting clear directions for future research.

Despite the promising application of cloud computing within government organisations, determining the barriers to the successful implementation of cloud computing remains a major challenge. Often, government organisations face formidable barriers to fully adopting cloud computing functions. These barriers include organisational culture issues, a weak application of service-level agreements (SLAs), compliance issues, interoperability and integration issues, the lack of an organisational strategy, cost calculation methods, cloud service availability, and cloud data security and privacy, as well as insufficient trust in providers. Tackling these barriers while meeting the specifications of government cloud computing involves architectural requirements and mechanisms. In addition, the nature of cloud ecosystem operation and its alignment with appropriate strategies are known to be complex, also considering the growing desire for governance solutions. Although researchers and organisations have recognised cloud computing obstacles prior to the cloud implementation stage, fewer efforts have been made to investigate cloud barriers in-depth during and after cloud implementation projects or when introducing governance solutions. This might partly be attributable to inadequate enterprise requirements for addressing cloud barriers, the complexity of government cloud specifications, and the lack of involvement by cloud stakeholders, such as providers and consumers. Thus, the aim of this dissertation is to develop a governance method consisting of the generation and testing of architectural requirements to overcome dominant cloud barriers and improve cloud computing functionalities in the implementation stage. To achieve this, the roles of related cloud providers and consumers have been investigated. The study was guided by activities of The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) Architecture Development Method (ADM) to design related architectural requirements that would provide best practices for the development of the governance method. Using a sequential, exploratory mixed method, multiple qualitative case studies on the role of cloud providers were conducted to explore which and how architectural requirements are suitable and applicable for addressing the identified cloud barriers. Afterwards, a quantitative survey study was performed to examine and validate the findings from the qualitative phase and to discover the role of cloud consumers in tackling cloud barriers. The utilisation of dual perspectives, from cloud providers and consumers, to design and measure the suitability and applicability of the architectural requirements is a substantial theoretical contribution in the field of enterprise information systems and cloud governance. Both cloud providers and consumers in the selected research context balanced their roles in the composition of cloud ecosystem projects, reducing complexity and enabling cooperative solutions for handling cloud barriers with different levels of emphasis and prioritisation. The results of this thesis provide significant guidance in eliciting architectural requirements as well as in their successful contribution to addressing the 10 identified cloud barriers in the selected context. Seeking a cloud provider’s perspective through multiple case studies resulted in 24 confirmed, newly emerged architectural requirements and 48 sub-requirements for best practices to support Information Technology (IT) managers and practitioners during the implementation of government cloud projects. From the point of view of the cloud service consumer, statistical evidence showed that the architectural requirements proved to be relevant and applicable and resulted in the validation of only eight important cloud constructs with a scale of 36 architectural requirements. The results at the governance level also produced a clear method that can enhance the realisation of value when business/IT strategies and EA governance practices both take place in cloud projects. The governance method also consists of a set of architectural requirements to support managing and controlling cloud computing implementation projects with related stakeholders and change management initiatives. The architectural requirements have been modelled via the ArchiMate 3.0 modelling language as unique and beneficial contributions for the enhancement of enterprise architecture practices. This thesis thereby introduces a novel cloud governance method with clear mechanisms and practices to serve as crucial resources for related organisations, decision-makers, business practitioners and researchers.

Islamic boarding school is a place of learning in which there are very many facilities and services. Good mastery of language, creativity, religion, leadership and all kinds of knowledge must already exist in the boarding school. The current condition of many Islamic boarding schools does not yet have a specific and integrated information system architecture in Islamic boarding schools in accordance with the needs and objectives of Islamic boarding schools, the cause is because Islamic boarding schools have not yet focused on the process of developing their information systems. Therefore we need an information system in Islamic boarding school. In this study the author raised the information system design of Islamic boarding school by using TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) with the Architecture Development Method (ADM) method. The output that can be achieved from the design of Islamic Boarding School Information System is to produce a model and basic framework (blue print) in developing integrated boarding school information systems to support the needs of Islamic Boarding Schools.

In carrying out its activities, SMK PGRI 35 Solokan Jeruk still has difficulties in managing information related to school information systems, so it is necessary to strive for better management of information systems, one of the efforts is through information systems by utilizing computer-based information technology. The purpose of this study is to recommend the development of a school information system architecture in order to achieve success in business process activities that exist within the organization. For the analysis of architectural planning using The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) method, where there are seven stages carried out in this thesis namely primary, Requirements Management, Architecture Vision, Business Architecture, Information System Architecture, Technology Architecture, Opportunities Solution and Migration Planning. This research produces a principles for creating enterprise architecture, the architectural vision is created. Then produce a blueprint (blueprint) design of the main architecture.

Purpose Cities have recognised information and communication technology (ICT) as a major enabler for transforming into “smarter” service providers. Mauritius is considering embarking on a smart island initiative, and as such, the existing towns in Mauritius have a major role to play in the transformation process. This study aims to focus on a systematic analysis of ICT architectures. This study proposes recommendations with regard to ICT infrastructures. This study elicits the contribution of those services towards the overall transformation of the towns, which in turn will form an integral part of the smart island initiative of the country. Design/methodology/approach A first step towards developing a smart ICT architecture is to understand what a smart ICT architecture constitutes of and the frameworks that can be used to develop these architectures. The main objectives of this systematic literature review (SLR) are as follows: understand what a smart ICT architecture consists of and derive a definition that will be used throughout the research for the development of ICT architecture for the smart local councils for Mauritius; analyse various frameworks, architectures and models that have been used in existing literature for the development of smart ICT architectures. Findings This SLR was conducted with a view to investigate ICT architectures with respect to smart governance. An in-depth review, followed by a critical analysis was performed based on the research questions set. The contribution of this study include the formulation of a definition for ICT architecture for smart local councils, which can be applied to any sphere characterised by similar aspects with reference to smart local governance. Albeit existing frameworks such as The Open Group Architecture Framework, Federal Enterprise Architecture and Zachman Framework, it was observed that in most cases, ICT architectures were built from scratch potentially because of specificities of each country/city. Originality/value This work proposes ICT architectures for smart local council.

Background Ensuring equitable access to public services for people with disabilities remains a persistent challenge in digital governance. Despite advancements in data governance frameworks, disparities in accessibility continue to exclude marginalized populations. While government-led digital initiatives f ocus on efficiency and compliance, their impact on vulnerable groups remains underexplored. This study examines the causal factors influencing audit data governance in Thailand’s public sector, with a particular focus on the contrasting perspectives between government officials, who are responsible for delivering public services, and people with disabilities, who rely on these services. Methods This research employs Multi-Group Structural Equation Modeling (MG-SEM) to analyze survey responses from 711 participants, including policymakers, policy implementers, auditors, and people with disabilities (specifically individuals with visual and physical impairments). The study utilizes a quantitative approach, ensuring that all analyses are based on structured survey data. Key constructs examined include public service delivery for people with disabilities (measured by perception of public service, enablers for access to data, citizen-oriented policy, and fair & efficient administrative procedures), data-driven culture, which ultimately influence audit data governance. Results The findings reveal significant disparities in how data governance is perceived. Government officials emphasize efficiency, compliance, and regulatory adherence, whereas people with disabilities prioritize accessibility, usability, and inclusivity in digital public services. These contrasting perspectives highlight systemic barriers that hinder the equitable implementation of digital governance frameworks, exacerbating the digital divide in public service accessibility. Conclusions To address these challenges, the study proposes targeted policy interventions, including the integration of AI-driven auditing mechanisms, the establishment of universal digital accessibility standards, and the implementation of participatory governance strategies. These recommendations provide valuable insights for policymakers, auditors, and public administrators aiming to foster transparency, trust, and inclusivity in digital public services.

This paper seeks to improve the understanding of how service-based companies can benefit from developing and delivering service offerings from a standardised core of service modules, which are organised through a service architecture. Research within the field is relatively sparse, and there is scope for an explicit definition of elements related to the development of modular service platforms and architectures. A study of the existing literature, combined with a comprehensive case study in a global engineering consultancy, has created the basis for development and evaluation of the conceptual model for modular service design synthesis presented in this paper. The case study is based on internal documentation and a high level of interview data. Inductive research methods have been used for the analysis. The presented conceptual model defines three suggested dimensions (Market Segmentation, Service Roadmap and Service Architecture Layout) to be included in development of modular service platforms and architectures. Testing indicates a significant standardisation potential for service configuration across service families. Our understanding is that the approach can increase strategic flexibility and adaptability to changes in a quick evolving service market. The empirical part of this paper is exploratory in nature and is limited to one provider of high-end engineering consultancy services. Thus, further research will be needed to verify the aspects of the presented methodology to allow a further generalisation of our findings. Nevertheless, this paper contributes to the emerging literature on service modularity by presenting a specific operational approach for description and utilisation of modular service platforms and architectures.

Utilization of information systems or technology in an organization is needed to improve organizational efficiency. This relates to the rapid development of information systems or technology that affect the ongoing business processes. The effectiveness is in the form of aligning business strategy with information system strategy and business transformation. However, the dilemma faced especially in Government agencies such as the Balikpapan City Department of Transportation is how to align business strategies and information systems strategies that will be used so as to achieve organizational goals. Responding to the problem, it is necessary to align between the business needs of the organization and the needs of the application to support the vision and mission to be achieved by the Balikpapan City Department of Transportation. This can be achieved by using the framework of The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) which provides a detailed method of how to build, manage and implement an enterprise architecture known as the Architecture Development Method (ADM), hereafter referred to as TOGAF ADM. This research produces a mapping of business needs and application needs to support the vision and mission to be achieved through the information systems or technology architecture design including business architecture modeling, information system architecture, and technology architecture on the Balikpapan City Department of Transportation.

Properly aligned business and Information Technology (IT) can provide competitive edge to an organization. In order to align business with IT, IT should fully support business operations. Enterprise Architecture (EA) can be used to support business and IT alignment. To help design such systems using EA, Enterprise Architecture Frameworks (EAF) may be used. There are frameworks to support EA, such as Zachman Framework, the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF), and The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF). They help to design, evaluate, and build the right architecture and reduce the costs of planning, designing, and implementing [8]. ArchiMate is an open and independent architecture modeling language that complements EAF for modeling and visualizing EA. Regardless of chosen EAF, conversion processes from requirements to EA using ArchiMate are not well-defined to the best of our knowledge. Goal-oriented approach is a requirement analysis technique that supports early requirements analysis, which can be used to define a process for bridging EA requirements to ArchiMate. Therefore,we propose guidelines using goal-oriented approach and then apply them to the interoperability of prescriptions in a healthcare system.KeywordsBusiness ProcessBusiness ServiceEnterprise ArchitectureBusiness ObjectBusiness FunctionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

The Service Computing Framework with Scrum (SCFS) is a framework that combines Services Computing Systems Engineering (SCSE) with the Scrum Framework. This framework was created to produce a system with a good service concept by following the SCSE workflow in an agile manner through the application of Scrum principles. This paper will provide an overview of how to evaluate the SCFS framework using SOA and Agile principles through a case study. The research methodology used in this paper is a Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM). This research results in project evaluations using SCFS with good Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) parameter results. The SCFS framework can also be used in Agile development environments with fairly good parameters of velocity, story points, sprint burn down, release burn up, value delivered, and job satisfaction. In case studies conducted, this framework can help accelerate the release of service systems. The first release on the test only took 34 working days, 18 working days to get the second release, and 21 working days to get the third release. If done as a whole in one cycle, the service system will take approximately 73 working days to be used.

As the growth rate of the retail industry in Indonesia continues to increase, leveraging information technology (IT) to support business operations has become increasingly crucial for achieving effectiveness and efficiency. Retail companies must manage interconnected business systems, such as inventory management, supply chain, e-commerce, and customer service. Without a clear architecture, integrating these systems becomes challenging, leading to operational inefficiencies, difficulties in decision-making, and an inability to respond quickly to market trends. A comprehensive Enterprise Architecture (EA) is therefore essential for managing all core processes within a company. Implementing EA using the TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) methodology is an optimal choice, as it is widely recognized and adopted. Technology Architecture, Data Architecture, Application Architecture, and Business Architecture are the four primary domains of TOGAF. Business Architecture improves cross-departmental integration and streamlines Business Process, while Application Architecture facilitates automation and optimizes application systems for more efficient operations. Data Architecture focuses on structured data management, ensuring accurate and accessible information for decision-making. Meanwhile, technology architecture provides a flexible and adaptable technological infrastructure that responds to business changes. By implementing Enterprise Architecture (EA) through TOGAF ADM, the retail industry can streamline Business Process, integrate various systems, adopt new technologies, and optimize the supply chain more effectively. This approach not only enhances operational efficiency but also strengthens competitiveness in the retail sector by fostering innovation and providing responsive services.

Many of the public and private services we use are now digital. The move to digital is likely to increase as technology becomes more embedded in our lives. But what does this mean for how essential public services understand who is using, or indeed not using, them and why?