From Generating Cost to Environmental Impact: Comparing Wind Power with Thermal Power

Aiming at the large-scale wind power transmission end grid wind and thermal power shared transmission channel decoupling out, the wind power output power is blocked, the transmission channel utilization rate is not high and so on. Based on a comparative analysis of wind and fire electrolytic coupling / coupling transmission operation characteristics, this paper The goal is to maximize the output power of wind power, maximize the utilization of transmission channels, and minimize the operating costs of thermal power units. Aiming at the dispatching output of wind power and thermal power units as optimization variables, a multi-objective optimization model of coupled wind power and thermal power transmission is proposed. The target differential evolution algorithm solves the model, and finally obtains a set of optimized scheduling output plans for wind and thermal power, which provides a scientific basis for operators to make scheduling decisions. Finally, a regional power grid is taken as an example to prove the rationality of the model and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Difference between grid connections of large-scale wind power and conventional synchronous generation

Dispatch modeling of a regional power generation system – Integrating wind power

With the massive consumption of fossil energy, wind power has become a new energy field. This paper first analyzes the traditional power generation method on the basis of introducing wind power generation into the electricity market. The second is to establish a supply-demand alliance in which thermal power and wind power complement each other, and use information supplementation and other methods to share resources. Therefore, the power generation efficiency of the power grid can be effectively improved. Finally, the simulation example is use to verify the effect of the model on improving the efficiency of wind power consumption, reducing the deviation of the power grid, and increasing the benefits of cooperation alliances.

Optimization of wind power generation to minimize operation costs in the daily scheduling of hydrothermal systems

In response to the challenges of low wind power consumption and high pollution emissions from thermal power, the implementation of wind-thermal power generation rights trading is a proactive attempt to reduce wind power curtailment and promote its consumption. This study first regards the alternating bidding process between the two parties as a dynamic game, using the Rubinstein bargaining game model to determine the incremental profit allocation and optimal bidding for both parties in power generation rights trading. Secondly, an energy conservation and emission reduction model is constructed to analyze the benefits from the perspectives of standard coal consumption saving and the carbon emission reduction caused by power generation rights trading. Finally, a combined trading revenue model is established to analyze the final profit of both parties involved in the trading. The results show that the combined trading of wind-thermal power generation rights, incorporating carbon trading and green certificate trading, can effectively promote coal consumption savings in thermal power units and reduce the carbon emissions of the power industry. Moreover, it significantly increases the final profit for both parties, stimulating the enthusiasm of generators for participating in power generation rights trading, and ultimately promoting wind power consumption.

Many energy supply systems around the world are currently undergoing a phase of transition characterized by a continuing increase in installed renewable power generation capacities. The inherent volatility and limited predictability of renewable power generation pose various challenges for an efficient system integration of these capacities. One approach to manage these challenges is the deployment of small-scale dispatchable power generation and storage units on a local level. In this context, gas turbine cogeneration units, which are primarily tasked with the provision of power and heat for industrial consumers, can play a significant role, if they are equipped with a sufficient energy storage capacity allowing for a more flexible operation. The present study investigates a system configuration, which incorporates a heat-driven industrial gas turbine interacting with a wind farm providing volatile renewable power generation. The required energy storage capacity is represented by an electrolyzer and a pressure vessel for intermediate hydrogen storage. The generated hydrogen can be reconverted to electricity and process heat by the gas turbine. The corresponding operational strategy for the overall system aims at an optimal integration of the volatile wind farm power generation on a local level. The study quantifies the impact of selected system design parameters on the quality of local wind power system integration, that can be achieved with a specific set of parameters. In addition, the impact of these parameters on the reduction of CO2 emissions due to the use of hydrogen as gas turbine fuel is quantified. In order to conduct these investigations, detailed steady-state models of all required system components were developed. These models enable accurate simulations of the operation of each component in the complete load range. The calculation of the optimal operational strategy is based on an application of the dynamic programming algorithm. Based on this model setup, the operation of the overall system configuration is simulated for each investigated set of design parameters for a one-year period. The simulation results show that the investigated system configuration has the ability to significantly increase the level of local wind power integration. The parameter variation reveals distinct correlations between the main design parameters of the storage system and the achievable level of local wind power integration. Regarding the installed electrolyzer power consumption capacity, smaller additional benefits of capacity increases can be identified at higher levels of power consumption capacity. Regarding the geometrical volume of the hydrogen storage, it can be determined that the storage volume loses its limiting character on the operation of the electrolyzer at a characteristic level. The additional investigation of the CO2 emission reduction reveals a direct correlation between the level of local wind power integration and the achievable level of CO2 emission reduction.

This study presents a technoeconomic analysis of a hybrid wind‐PV (photovoltaic) power plant (HPP) compared to onshore wind power plants (WPPs) and photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs) in the Nordic electricity market, focusing on locations in Finland and Sweden. Wind power capacity has recently increased significantly in the Nordics, increasing the profit cannibalization of wind power. Renewable energy subsidies have been phased out in Finland and Sweden, thus new wind and PV power value creation is formed from the power market. The PV power capacity has also encountered significant growth in the Nordics. However, the capacity is still relatively low, allowing more revenue for produced PV power compared to wind power. The lower PV power profit cannibalization has increased interest in HPPs instead of WPPs. This contribution studies the economic feasibility of wind and PV power in changing market conditions in the Nordic electricity market. The market operation is modeled with three different configurations including selling all the power into the day ahead spot market and baseload or pay‐as‐produced power purchase agreement (PPA). In addition, a battery energy storage system (BESS) investment is analyzed using the operating strategy of shifting production to more profitable spot price hours. This study shows that due to the profit cannibalization and high cost of capital, the power plants are currently not profitable in the Nordic electricity market except when the bidding area has high average spot prices. The worst profitability was with WPPs when exposed to the market shape risk and with PVPPs when pay‐as‐produced PPA was agreed upon due to the higher levelized cost of electricity. However, the PV power profit cannibalization is expected to increase in the future as more PVPPs operate in the Nordic power market. Thus, the PVPP shape risk may increase in the future as well.

This chapter covers energy resources with a focus on renewable energy sources. It also covers what amount and type of resources are most important in the different regions of the world. Today, approximately 10% of primary energy is from biomass according to the official statistics. At the same time, we can see that available biomass resources could principally cover twice as much as all fossil primary energy used annually. Resources like wind and solar power could each also principally cover all demands. Hydro power covers approximately 10% of all electric power demand today. Its major use is as a balancing resources, since water can be stored in big dams. This presents a very important storage possibility for electric power, which is not otherwise possible except in expensive batteries. We can see that 45% of all electric power in the EU comes from nuclear and renewables. The installed capacity of wind, hydro and nuclear power there is approximately equal, but actual energy production is: nuclear power 30%, hydro power 10% and wind power ~ 3%. This shows the importance of having a good combination of different types to assure supply when needed, but it also demands more adapted prices according to the production conditions hour by hour. The situations in China, India and the US are all very dependent on coal today. Still, there are huge capacities for biomass from agricultural waste, wind and solar power in all these large countries. In Brazil, already today 35% of all primary energy comes from biomass, and a very significant amount of vehicle fuel also comes from biomass via bio-ethanol.

According to the characteristics of double fed asynchronous generator rotor energy flow, research and design based on the DSP control with two-way flow of energy function of Dual PWM converter and discusses the grid side converter control method of Dual PWM converter in particular. The wind turbine simulation model is established by using the electromagnetic transient PSCAD/EMTDC software. The simulation system is used to simulate the P, Q decoupling control and maximum wind energy tracking control of the generator. Wind is a natural phenomenon generated by the solar radiation heat, the earth's surface caused by uneven heating of the atmosphere. It is estimated that only 1% of the wind on the ground will be able to meet the needs of the world's energy. With the continuous improvement of the level of wind power generation technology, the cost of wind power gradually reduced, considering environmental benefits, the cost will be close to the cost of coal-fired power generation. Therefore, great efforts to develop wind energy as the representative of the renewable energy and new energy, to achieve sustainable development, has become the consensus of the whole society, strategic choice to solve the energy crisis and environmental problems. 2.Overview of control technology of doubly fed wind power gener ation Wind power is the kinetic energy contained in the natural wind into electrical energy in the process, the wind turbine wind energy capture and convert it into mechanical energy, driven by rotary generator, and the generator for converting mechanical energy conversion into electrical energy. As countries around the world pay more attention to wind power, wind power has become the world's fastest, most widely studied and applied new energy technology. With the development of wind power technology, wind turbine, wind turbine generator, converter and its control system and the way of the wind turbine, there are different types of. Among them, the doubly fed wind power generation system due to the converter control capacity is small, the speed of operation range wide characteristics become currently the world's most widely used VSCF wind power generation system. Variable speed constant frequency generator in asynchronous generator rotor side applied three-phase low frequency current to realize AC excitation, the output power is constant frequency and constant voltage amplitude, frequency, phase of the exciting current control. At the same time, the active power and reactive power decoupling control of the generator is realized by using the vector control technology. Control active power capable of adjusting the rotation speed of the wind turbine, to capture the maximum wind power tracking control; regulation of reactive power adjustable power factor and improve the dynamic and static stability of the wind turbine and power system operation. In addition, the VSCF wind power generation technology, so to achieve good flexible connection between the generator and power grid system, compared with the traditional constant speed constant frequency generation system easier to achieve grid connected operation and operation

Power generation in Saudi Arabia is mostly from thermal power plants. This paper involves the minimization of the total cost of power generation from thermal plants in the Western Operating Area of Saudi Electricity Company, incorporating the environmental constraints and the transmission line losses. Economic Dispatch is one of the most important function that is performed in a power system control center so as to minimize the oil consumption in thermal power plants and thus decrease the power generation cost. As the power generation process in thermal power plants causes the emission of significant amount of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and oxide of nitrogen (NO x ), it is important to minimize the emission of these gases by appropriate allocation of the total power demand among the various power plants in the system on a continuous basis. Hence this paper focusses on the minimization of the fuel cost of the thermal power plants subjected to these emission constraints. The gradient descent technique based on Lagrange multiplier method is utilized in this environmental economic dispatch of the thermal power plants. Investigations are carried out with the daily hourly load curve corresponding to three days, each one covering three different seasons: summer, winter and Hajj. The investigations reveal that a considerable reduction in the emission of gases can be achieved with the implementation of the environmental economic dispatch function in the area load dispatch center

The escalating grid-connected capacity of renewable energy sources, predominantly wind and photovoltaic (PV) power, along with its inherent volatility and anti-peaking attributes, exacerbates the peaking demands on the power system. Consequently, this trend necessitates enhanced flexibility in power system peaking capabilities. In response to this challenge, this paper introduces an optimal scheduling methodology grounded in a two-stage stochastic model tailored for power systems, which incorporates thermal-storage peaking pricing. Initially, a hierarchical decision-making framework, employing the group decision hierarchy analysis method, is devised to formulate a peaking pricing strategy for thermal power and energy storage. Subsequently, acknowledging the variability of wind power, multiple scenarios are generated and consolidated through the application of k-means clustering. A two-stage stochastic optimization approach is then utilized for day-ahead pre-dispatch of thermal power and storage units, and intraday dispatch adjustments are made to accommodate the uncertainties associated with renewable energy sources by leveraging flexible resources, thereby ensuring power balance, and maximizing wind power integration. The efficacy of the proposed approach is validated through simulations conducted on the enhanced IEEE39-bus system. The numerical results show that the flexibility of the system can be effectively improved, and the wind power and photovoltaic accommodation rate is increased by 98.11 and 99.42%, respectively.

The demand on energy supply increases continuously as economies develop and world population grows. Most of the energy in the world comes from the fossil fuels and the increase in energy demand accelerates the rate of depleting the fossil fuel resources. As fossil fuel is finite and also due to the environmental considerations, renewable energy (RE) resources have been actively developed as the alternative sources for electricity generation. Renewable sources used for large-scale electricity production can include wind, photovoltaic (PV), waves and so on. Among all the RE resources, wind power generation is witnessing rapid developments in recent years. Unfortunately, wind tends to be unsteady. The fluctuating and uncertain output powers from wind farms can be problematic, especially if there is a high penetration level of the renewable source in a grid system. The fluctuations may lead to excessive voltage variations and unacceptable degree of frequency deviations. Moreover, the unsteady and uncertain input wind power can cause firm power dispatch commitment from wind farms a difficult task. Expensive generation reserves have to be provided for grid system to ensure adequate level of system security and reliability is guaranteed. In fact, power generation from wind farms has often been excluded in the dispatch planning of the grids. Unless other viable techniques can be found, the above issues can constitute major impediment to the successful large-scale integration of wind power generation into grid systems. In this connection, the use of energy storage system (ESS) is one possible solution to mitigate the negative impacts of the unsteady wind power on electricity supply systems and to improve on the dispatchability of the wind power. In this investigation, in order to smoothen the fluctuations in the wind and to realize the dispatch planning of the wind power in a way similar to that of conventional generators, it is proposed that a three-level ESS is incorporated in a large-scale wind power generation scheme. In essence, at cluster-level of wind turbine generators (WTG), the solution involves having the high- and mid-frequency components of the aggregated wind power routed to supercapacitors (SC) and battery banks respectively of a battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system (BSHESS) by a high-pass filter (HPF) and a band-pass filter (BPF). It then results in the smoothening of the wind power harnessed by the cluster. In this thesis, the BSHESS control scheme to reduce the wind power perturbations has been shown. A statistical method is also developed to determine the capacities of the minimum-cost BSHESS to meet the power smoothing objective at pre-specified probability level. Application of the proposed design approach is demonstrated using data obtained from an existing wind farm. As for dispatch planning, attention is to use a low-pass filter (LPF) to extract the low-frequency intrinsic mode and residue functions of wind power. The relatively slow-changing characteristics of the low-frequency wind power components, which contain most of the energy in the wind power, allow accurate forecasts of the power components to be obtained using artificial neural network (ANN). Dispatch planning of the wind power is then realized through buffering the low-frequency power fluctuations by a proposed power flows control strategy applied to a pumped hydroelectric storage (PHS) system. Focusing on low-frequency wind power for dispatch planning is a distinct advantage over the dispatch planning methods proposed by other researchers. Furthermore, a statistical method to determine the power and energy capacities of the PHS is included. The efficacy of the developed approach to dispatch planning is again illustrated based on data obtained from an existing wind farm. In all the above works, suitable cut-off frequencies for the HPF, BPF and LPF are derived based on the developed concept of minimum overlap energy and the outcome of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) analysis. EMD method is used to gain insights into the frequency-time characteristics of wind power. In this manner, the wind power can then be grouped into high-, mid- and low-frequency bands.

The development of wind power generation can promote the transformation of energy structure and the green development of the economy. The land is the spatial carrier of wind power generation projects, which has a basic supporting role for wind power generation. This paper analyzes the situation of land utilization for wind power generation, sorts out relevant national policy documents, and summarizes the problems existing in the implementation of wind power projects, which is of great significance for promoting the development of the wind power industry. The results showed that the installed capacity of wind power and electricity generation increased rapidly in the past decade. The land supplied area for wind power generation reached its peak in 2016 and then fluctuated, with the land supplied area decreasing but the power generation efficiency improving. In the process of wind power land utilization in China, there are some problems, such as the insufficient connection between industry planning and territorial spatial planning, lack of coordination mechanism between government departments for examination and approval, lack of land standards, prominent problems in the use of stock land and the renewal and renovation of old wind farms, and complicated land requisition compensation. Based on this, the paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of territorial space planning, land use examination and approval, land use standard, utilization of stock land, popularization and application of land saving technology and land saving mode.

The power area of Asia-Africa-European power transmission is rich in new energy resources such as wind resources and solar resources. West Asia and Africa have the potential to build large-scale renewable energy power generation bases. Based on the basic idea of Levelized Energy Cost Analysis (LCOE), this paper proposes an improved feasibility analysis model of new energy power generation technology, comprehensively considering the impact of policies, technology, politics and other factors on the cost of power generation. Feasibility of power transmission from large renewable energy bases in West Asia and Africa to Europe are measured under interregional grid interconnection. The results show that: the wind and solar power generation bases in West Asia and Africa are feasible of transferring electricity to Europe, and solar intercontinental interconnected transmission is more feasible than wind power.