From the Editor-in-Chief.

The article analyses problematic issues regarding the importance of using computer technologies in detecting plagiarism in scientific works. It was determined that the problem of plagiarism in science is not only a matter of legislation, but a manifestation of disdain for scientific ethics and moral standards by the scientists themselves. The issue of academic plagiarism must be solved comprehensively and with joint efforts, by applying effective mechanisms to prevent plagiarism. There is no single, complete, comprehensive and generally accepted definition of the category of plagiarism. The essence of plagiarism is the assignment of authorship to someone else’s original (literary, artistic, scientific) work or its part. The development of information technologies creates conditions for detecting illegal borrowing. Special computer programmes and online services check works for originality much faster. The essence and nature of computer technologies, their importance in detecting plagiarism in scientific works are studied. Positive and negative points in the application of computer anti-plagiarism technologies were identified, and an appropriate assessment was given to them. It is substantiated that plagiarism has a certain personification and specificity in various spheres and branches of human activity. The anti-plagiarism system almost does not take into account official parts of scientific works (cover letter, introduction, references to normative legal acts, conclusions, list of used sources) and evaluates them as plagiarism. The algorithm of the anti-plagiarism service must take into account constant stylistic turns and peculiarities of certain branches of science and technology. We believe that the results of new interpretations of scientific work should not be completely new. It is noted that checking with online services does not always reveal translations of texts or borrowings from editions not published online. Accordingly, the results of information processing with the help of specialized anti-plagiarism programmes and services cannot independently be circumstances that allow making reasonable conclusions about the presence or absence of plagiarism in a scientific work. Anti-plagiarism services and programs really help in detecting plagiarism as an additional tool for searching for possible matches of the text, followed by their analysis and processing by a specialist. But the situation with plagiarism still requires the use of plagiarism checking services (even with all their shortcomings). However, no matter how attractive and easy-to-use anti-plagiarism services are, it is necessary to do some work to improve information culture and respect for the copyrights of others.

The past year has been an eventful one for the Journal of Lipid Research (JLR). The Directors of Lipid Research, Inc. (LRI), the owner of the Journal since its inception in 1959, are pleased to make some important announcements that should be of great interest to our authors and readers. The first of these is the transfer of ownership of the JLR to the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB) in July 2003. In June 2000, LRI entered into an agreement with the ASBMB to manage the publication of the Journal.

This paper is an extension of the debate on the nexus between the strength of intellectual property rights (IPRs) and prospects for knowledge economy. It assesses the relationships between software piracy and scientific publications in African countries for which data is available. The findings, which reveal a positive nexus, are broadly consistent with the school of thought postulating that the East Asian miracle has been largely due to weaker IPRs regimes at the early stages of development. As a policy implication, less stringent IPRs regimes on scientific-related software (at least in the short run) will substantially boost contributions to and dissemination of knowledge through scientific and technical publications in Africa. IPRs laws (treaties) on scientific-oriented software should be strengthened in tandem with progress in: (a) scientific and technical publications; and (b) knowledge spillovers essential for economic growth and development. More policy implications are discussed.

Scientific expertise is often seen as the purview of the makers of Western scientific knowledge: the professionals in labs and in the field who hold academic credentials. However, scientific practitioners can and should recognize and incorporate expertise and knowledge from those outside this realm, such as Indigenous traditions and experiential knowledge, which is what citizen science or public science works toward. This chapter examines the nature of citizen science and public science and what it means for the creation and communication of scientific knowledge. Public science acknowledges that the Public Appreciation of Science and Technology (PAST) model, which emphasizes one-way communication between scientific experts and the general public, does not allow for dynamic engagement of the public in scientific enterprises. However, the Critical Understanding of Science in Public (CUSP) model provides a framework for civic engagement and a more democratic society through scientific knowledge production. If science communication not only aims to transmit knowledge but also contribute to a just, democratic society and a critical, educated public, it must acknowledge the essential roles of citizen scientists and public science. Thus this chapter takes up the possibilities for science to account for a broader understanding of public engagement, scientific expertise, and what it means to communicate science.

Visibility of the CryoSat mission in the scientific and technical literature: A bibliometric perspective

Accurately obtaining the domain intellectual in scientific research literature is crucial in light of the academic research literature’s fast growth. Therefore, keyword extraction technology has been placed on high hopes. Keyword extraction (KE), which is a fundamental textual information processing activity, tries to extract from texts words, keywords, or phrases that can sum up the subject matter. Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers (BERT) is widely used for unsupervised keyword extraction tasks. However, when dealing with lengthy scientific literature, the BERT model’s inherent input length limitation inevitably leads to the issue of missing semantic information, and the ability of local feature extraction is insufficient. To solve the two problems, we proposed Chunk-BERT model, which extracts the features of each position of the scientific literature as a block embedding, and graph-based algorithms are added to strengthen local information. We carried out textual information-processing experiments on SemEval2010, NUS, ACM database and F1 values respectively increased by the maximum of 6.87%, 1.03% and 1.39%, which indicating the effectiveness of the proposed Chunk-BERT.

The article raises the issue of the importance to form the skills of annotating and abstracting foreign language texts in order to obtain the information necessary for future specialists in their professional activities. The need for the ability to work with dictionary and reference literature is emphasized. The article describes the motives that make future technical and legal professionals learn to find the necessary information and use it by annotating various professional scientific, technical and legal literature. The author points to the necessity of forming the summarization skills for obtaining the information from foreign scientific and technical sources. The motives that make future specialists in the technical and legal field learn to find the necessary information and obtain it by annotating scientific and technical literature are presented. The reasons that motivate and teach future technical and legal professionals to quickly find and annotate the necessary information from the scientific literature are listed. It is meant that the annotation is a short description of the work, the printed article and the manuscript. It is a brief descriptive characteristic of the primary source. An abstract answers the question of what the primary source of information says. It is proved that abstracting allows to identify the level of understanding of the text by students, the ability to reproduce the text briefly, highlighting the main content with the help of keywords. It is emphasized that annotation of foreign language texts is a specialized type of speech activity of the abstract genre, closely related to reading and writing, which results in analytical and synthetic processing of the information provided. Mastering the skills of annotation leads to a significant increase in the level of foreign language knowledge: it allows you to quickly navigate in special literature.

As the rapid growth of digital scientific and technical literatures, the scientific researchers need personalized retrieval to satisfy their research interests urgently. Unlike previous methods that just use simple keyword matching, we strengthen the semantic information of scientific literature by merging metadata such as title, keywords, abstract and citation in this dissertation. Then we use vector space model with tf-idf value of each term to model each scientific literature. We structure user's interest model by subject term vector with different weight. Different weight means different concern degree to each subject term by user. To emphasize the quality of recommended literature, we not only calculate the similarity between user's research interest and literatures, but also consider the total times cited of recommended literatures. As experimental dataset, we collect literatures from Web of Science under the topic of “pressure sensor”. The experimental results show that this recommendation method could well indentify user's research interest. So, it can improve efficiency of user literature retrieval and increase the accuracy of the literature recommendation.

The theme of this article is ,,Emotional intelligence concept interpretation in scientific and branch literature”. The aim of the research is to investigate the main features of leadership - the concepts of emotional intelligence in scientific literature. We encounter a large number of different emotional intelligence definitions, where each author suggests an interpretation of the concept according to his view. In the article author reviews available definitions the concept of emotional intelligence in the scientific literature. Definitions were analyzed according key words. The author of article offers a new definition of emotional intelligence.

Searching the Web, Continued

For over a decade, forensic scientists/meta-scientists, publishers, and authors have developed and used software tools to find issues in scientific pre-prints and publications. The recent rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) provides these groups with a whole new range of tools. With this symposium, we will bring together people from four ongoing projects to discuss how the latest LLMs and other AI tools are being developed, evaluated, and used to detect errors in scientific publications: The Black Spatula Project, RegCheck, SocEnRep, and Psy-RAG. These projects involve people from different countries, and academic disciplines as well as people outside academia. The structures, pipelines, and goals of these projects differ. While the Black Spatula Project is an international grassroots initiative driven mostly by volunteer efforts, SocEnRep is a research and infrastructure project funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG), and RegCheck and Psy-RAG are also academic research projects based in Switzerland. The Black Spatula Project wants to make use of LLMs for detecting errors in scientific publications, SocEnRep develops a pipeline for automated reproducibility checks in economics and the social sciences, RegCheck compares preregistration documents to papers, and Psy-RAG combines LLMs and RAG to identify problematic patterns, inconsistencies, and error propagation in psychological research. What all of these projects have in common is that they use AI/LLMs for scalable and (semi-)automated checks of academic publications. We will first present preliminary results, the challenges ahead and potential solutions, with a moderated discussion at the end. Introduction Shakhlo Nematova introduces today's subject matter and speakers

As the largest physician-owned private multispecialty healthcare practice in central and northern Wisconsin and one of the largest in the nation, Marshfield Clinic has a long-standing track record in scientific research to support its healthcare mission. The Clinic’s staff of 790 physicians serves over 40 regional centers in a largely rural setting in 80 clinical specialties and undertakes research in a broad range of disciplines. In addition, the Clinic’s Research Foundation employs a staff of scientists who collaborate with clinician investigators. A rich research environment pervades the Marshfield system, supported by a state-of-the-art informatics environment, access to an epidemiologically-defined study population for which detailed medical and demographic data are available, with its status as the largest population-based genetics repository in the USA. Not surprisingly, this rich research environment attracts researchers with a broad range of expertise and experience. An additional layer of complexity is added with multidisciplinary or multi-institutional research. Preparing competitive scientific grant proposals responsive to emerging public health priorities is especially daunting for individuals collaborating on interdisciplinary and translational projects who lack experience and traditional training in grantsmanship. New page limits and a revision of the peer review process at the National Institutes of Health have created new challenges, even for seasoned investigators. To assist researchers in navigating the process of preparing successful grant proposals in an increasingly competitive research environment, a full-service research infrastructure was established over time at the Clinic’s Research Foundation, including a Clinical Research Center, Epidemiological Study Center, Bioinformatics Research Center, Offices of Scientific Writing and Publication, Research Integrity and Protection, Sponsored Programs, and a Core Laboratory. However, coordinating assistance to busy clinicians proved challenging, and supplemental, conveniently-accessible resources were required by researchers for navigating the rich, but complex research environment. To this end, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation personnel teamed up to create a comprehensive informatics-based resource, Research Mentor, designed to support both new and established investigators in successful grant writing and manuscript preparation. The overarching purpose envisioned for Research Mentor was to serve as an educational resource on scientific writing related to research and as a bridge to internal resources, policies, and documents. The concept was to have scientific writing specialists centralize access to these resources to save investigators valuable time scouring the web in search of support tools. In addition, for internal personnel and investigators at institutions collaboratively working on research projects with Marshfield investigators, access to forms, policies, and support service personnel is also provided. Thus, Research Mentor was created as a web-based interactive resource that would provide direct links to other web-based educational resources which promote grantsmanship and scientific publication on the internet. Institutional resources that support investigators and sponsored programs offices are not unique. As example, Duke University,1 Stanford University,2 and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech),3 all have websites for their Sponsored Programs/Research office that provide some online tutorials regarding grant writing, and Purdue’s ‘The Owl’4 offers assistance with various aspects of manuscript development. However, we found none as comprehensive in their scope as Research Mentor, in providing support from research conceptualization, grant development, and submission to manuscript preparation within the context of the institutional research environment. To facilitate access across its network of regional centers, Research Mentor was originally launched on Marshfield Clinic’s intranet in 2008. Partially in response to requests for access from external collaborators who appreciated its value, and following exhibition of its contents and capabilities at several national conferences, Research Mentor was transferred to its current internet website at http://www.marshfieldclinic.org/mcrf/researchmentor in 2010, where it is a publically available resource. Access to research-related services and personnel, however, must remain limited to Marshfield Clinic investigators and their collaborators in the context of specific collaborative efforts, due to workload constraints on service personnel.

The article highlights the life path, scientific and pedagogical activities of Halyna Okeksandrivna Paperna, one of the prominent organizers of pedagogical education and science at Ivan Franko University of Lviv. In particular, the figure of the researcher as an educator, leader and organizer of the educational process has been revealed. The article describes the main scientist’s ideas, reflected in the researches on the History of Pedagogy. It reveals H. Paperna’s views on the significance of K. Ushynskyi’s pedagogical activity and creative heritage, in particular, his contribution to the development of women’s education, substantiation of such didactic principles as conscious assimilation of knowledge by students, visibility in learning, and problems of mother-tongue teaching in the heritage of the outstanding educator of the 19 th century. H. Paperna’s scientific work “Ivan Franko about public education” is singled out. In this work she has systematically and thoroughly presented I. Franko’s ideas about public education, teaching and educating the Ukrainian youth, teacher’s activity, educational value of children’s literature based on the analysis of the narration “Mustard grain”, the novel “The Cross-Paths”, the poem “Lords’ jokes”, the article “Pedagogical fogs”. The review of Makarenko’s studies (“The Great Teacher of the Present”, “Punishment and Encouragement as a Method of Educating Conscious Discipline in Works and Practice of A.S. Makarenko” (co-authored with F. Naumenko), “Meeting with Anton Semenovych” [Makarenko]), has become one of the priority areas of H. Paperna’s lifelong research. It has been found that H. Paperna’s studies contributed to overcoming certain stereotypes in the perception of A. Makarenko’s figure, revealed the prerequisites for the formation of the innovator’s outlook, distinguished his personal traits and qualities (persistence, high demand for himself, constant self-improvement), which influenced on the development of his non-standard approach to the work with difficult children, analyzed the stages and content of pedagogical activity. Key words: Lviv University, scientific, pedagogical and research work, didactics, expertness of Makarenko’s heritage, I. Franko, K. Ushynskyi.

The implementation of science and study reform in Lithuania reasonably rouses up some doubts. It would be incorrect to claim that the reform itself is unnecessary. Otherwise, any hasty and badly prepared reforms do not give expected results. One of the most important science evaluation spheres is scientific publications. During the whole period after 1990s more or less coherent and clear system was not settled in Lithuania. In the summer of 2009 Lithuanian higher educational institutions received the new methodic of evaluation scientific production. To be precisely, the new methodic was confirmed with the order 1321 in June 29, 2009 by the Minister of Education and Science of Lithuania. The new methodic rouses anxiety because it is not coherent and clear enough, especially speaking about social and humanitarian sciences. Firstly, it is closely connected with the publication of works of that sphere. As it is said, the majority of works of such sphere are published in the local market and do not gain access to a wider round of users. Another thing is that such publications are mainly in Lithuanian. Yes, that is also important developing science of Lithuania, especially humanitarian sciences. But here is a very simple rule in force – science is not national, it is and must be international. In the above mentioned methodic scientific works are separated into the first and second levels. According to the methodic, those experimental and scientific research works of the highest level, which are recognized by the institutions themselves and which are evaluated in quality approach by the experts of the Research Council of Lithuania, are attributed to the scientific works of the first level. Uniting of social and humanitarian sciences into one block rouses up some doubts, which means that the same regulations of methodic will be applied for the both spheres. The question is how to compare, let us say, the works of economics and linguistics according to the same methodic? However displeasing the evaluation of scientific production is, it is unavoidable and necessary. The state assigning though poor financial supplies for science, must know, if those supplies are used rationally. On the other hand, acknowledged standards (international standards) of evaluation, expertise, indexation, abstracting, usage and etc. exist internationally. It is natural, that every country has its peculiarities, which not necessarily directly refer to international practice. However, Lithuanian science aspires to integrate into the space of international science. In order to do that, national practice of evaluation scientific works will have to be reasonably harmonized with the international one. Key words: science evaluation, international standards, scientific production.

Мета роботи: дослідити життєвий та творчий шлях української співачки Одарки Бандрівської (1902–1981), здійснити аналіз деяких науково-методичних праць та принципів її вокальної школи. В основу методології статті закладено комплексний підхід. Дослідження базується на історико-біографічному, теоретичному, компаративному методах. Особливого значення набуває аналіз літератури з історії галицької музичної культури, видатних представників її вокальних шкіл. Наукова новизна роботи полягає в тому, що вперше в українському музикознавстві окреслено етапи професійного становлення О. Бандрівської в контексті західноукраїнської культури ХХ ст. та розглянуто її науково-методичні здобутки крізь призму виконавської та викладацької діяльності. Висновки. У результаті дослідження було встановлено, що видатна представниця львівської вокальної виконавської школи – О. Бандрівська залишила цінний теоретичний спадок – наукові праці, що торкаються питань стильових особливостей камерно-вокальної лірики європейських композиторів, принципів вокальних шкіл різних століть. Це дозволяє зробити глибинні висновки щодо виконавського стилю видатних українських вокалістів, зокрема, її родички Соломії Крушельницької. О. Бандрівська з’ясувала вплив італійської (Фр. Ламперті) та австро-німецької (Ф. Генсбахер) школи на формування вокальної манери Крушельницької, що дозволяє О. Бандрівській теоретично осмислити власну концепцію камерного співу.