From the File

Thermal data measured by DSC for as-fabricated phosphate glass disks (Table 1). Contains Microsoft Excel file (.xlsx) with experimental details, as well as measured Tg, Tc, and Tm temperatures, and example DSC curve. Composition data measured by EDS for as-fabricated phosphate glass disks (Table 1). Contains Microsoft Excel file (.xlsx) showing atomic compositions measured for each sample, as well as calculations for oxide and O/P ratios. Volume data measured by pycnometry for as-fabricated phosphate glass disks. Contains Microsoft Excel file (.xlsx) showing sample mass and measured volume, as well as calculated density (Table 1). Structure data measured by NMR for as-fabricated phosphate glass disks (Table 1). Contains Microsoft Excel file (.xlsx) with raw spectra, as well as fitted peak positions, along with calculation of Q1/Q2 ratios. This NMR data is also referred to in Figure S3.\nDissolution pH and Ca2+ ion activity measurements from dissolution of phosphate glasses in deionised water at 37°C (Figure 2). Contains Microsoft Excel file (.xlsx) with raw measurements over time, as well as Ca2+ ion activity calculated from mass loss data (Figure 3). Script and data files for generating plots (.txt) are also supplied. Dissolution mass loss measurements from dissolution of phosphate glasses in deionised water at 37°C (Figure 3). Contains Microsoft Excel file (.xlsx) with raw mass loss measurements over time, as well as fitted models (diffusion model, contracting volume model, and linear mass loss model) fitted in Matlab. Script and data files for generating plots (.txt) are also supplied.\nRaw SEM images and composite photographs of phosphate glass samples during dissolution in deionised water at 37°C, showing different types of dissolution behaviour and formation of opaque layers (Figure 4). Dissolution pH measurements from dissolution of phosphate glasses in PBS and pH-adjusted PBS at 37°C (Figure 5). Contains Microsoft Excel file (.xlsx) with raw pH measurements over time. Script and data files for generating plots (.txt) are also included. Dissolution mass loss measurements from dissolution of phosphate glasses in PBS and pH-adjusted PBS at 37°C (Figure 6). Contains Microsoft Excel file (.xlsx) with raw mass loss measurements over time. Script and data files for generating plots (.txt) are also supplied, models fitted in Matlab are plotted using fitted parameters given in Table S1 and Figure 7.\nDissolution model parameters fitted using Matlab, for dissolution of phosphate glasses in deionised water, PBS and pH-adjusted PBS at 37°C (Figure 7). Contains Microsoft Excel file (.xlsx) with fitted parameters. Script and data files for generating plots (.txt) are also supplied. Photographs of phosphate glass samples during dissolution in PBS and pH-adjusted PBS at 37°C (Figure 8). The published version of the figure is given, along with high-resolution versions. Fitted transition times from model, and observed layer formation time, for dissolution of phosphate glasses in deionised water, PBS and pH-adjusted PBS at 37°C (Figure 9). Contains Microsoft Excel file (.xlsx) with fitted parameters and observed formation times. Script and data files for generating plots (.txt) are also supplied. Raw SEM images of phosphate glass samples during dissolution in PBS and pH-adjusted PBS at 37°C (Figure 10). Atomic and phase composition data measured by EDS and XRD for phosphate glasses after partial dissolution (Figure 11). Shows representative examples of type B behaviour (CaP layer formation) and type C behaviour (NaCl layer formation). Contains Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) file with raw EDS spectra and XRD patterns, as well as script and data files for generating plots (.txt).\nDiffraction patterns measured by XRD for phosphate glasses after quenching (Figure S1) and after casting into disks (Figure S2). Contains script and data files for generating plots (.uxd and .txt). 31P MAS-NMR spectra for phosphate glasses (Figure S3), containing measured spectra, fitted peaks and sum of fitted peaks. Contains script and data files for generating plots (.txt). FTIR spectra of phosphate glasses (Figure S4), containing script and data files for generating plots (.txt). Also contains list of references used for assignment of peaks (.txt). Example calibration curve for Calcium ISE (Figure S5). Contains Microsoft Excel file (.xlsx) showing measurements of calibration solution and calculations used to determine calibration constants using Excel’s “Solver” function. Contains script and data files for generating plots (.txt).\nPlots are generated using gnuplot (www.gnuplot.info).

This work is focussed on a high carbon tool steel used for the production of files. The mechanical properties of the files depend on a hardening thermal treatment that produces a martensitic structure. Thus, the motivation for this work is technological: we want to understand the effects of two types of thermal treatment on the file's mechanical properties. The first is a traditional thermal treatment in a cyanide bath (CN), while the other is performed in a conveyor belt furnace (BF). The files resulting from BF treatment have sometimes a poorer performance. In order to improve the quality of BF files, we study the relationship between the mechanical properties and the microstructure resulting from a particular thermal treatment. Transmission electron microscopy does not reveal a change in the microstructure produced by different thermal treatments, yet it does permit visualization of the complex material microstructure, consisting of a martensitic matrix with embedded carbides. On the other hand, thermoelectric power measurements allow a differentiation between CN and BF files in a fast and non-destructive manner: the measurements performed on the whole files show that the thermopower of BF files is lower. This result is attributed to a higher concentration of carbon soluted in the martensitic matrix. The yield stress and compression strength determined by compression testing, as well as the hardness measured by nanoindentation, are higher for the bulk of BF files, emphasizing the importance of soluted carbon in hardening the martensite. The mobility of point defects and dislocations, and their interaction, are studied by mechanical spectroscopy. The martensitic structure is characterized by a rich internal friction spectrum comprising several overlapping relaxation and material transformation peaks. The internal friction measured at room temperature is related to an athermal background due to the interaction between soluted carbon and dislocations. This background is higher for BF files. The internal friction spectrum indicates that, upon heating above 375 K, the material structure irreversibly changes due to tempering processes. Tempering effects on the material are studied combining several experimental techniques. A first stage of tempering, observed by differential scanning calorimetry, starts around 375 K and is related to carbon precipitation in the form of transition carbides. At this temperature, the thermopower and Young's modulus increase, and the internal friction and hardness decrease, implying that all these quantities are sensitive to soluted carbon. The hardness continuously decreases with tempering and no precipitation hardening is observed. A second stage of tempering is observed around 525 K, leading to cementite precipitation. X-ray diffraction allows quantitative determination of the concentration of carbon in solid solution by measuring the tetragonality of the martensite lattice. The evolution of carbon content during tempering is compared to the evolution of internal friction and thermoelectric power revealing a strong correlation between these quantities. Internal friction measured at room temperature is directly proportional to the carbon content. The measurement of the concentration of carbon by X-ray diffraction is used to determine the variation of carbon content in the file profile. Thermopower measurements indicate that BF files have a lower concentration of carbon in the teeth than in the bulk, while the opposite is found for CN files. This is confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Moreover, diffraction performed on the very surface of the teeth reveals a lower carbon concentration in BF than in CN files teeth, which is probably the origin of their lesser performance. It can be concluded that the concentration of carbon in solid solution in martensite is responsible for the steel's hardness and therefore for its resistance to wear.

Uniform Crime Reporting Program Data: Offenses Known and Clearances by Arrest, 1960-2017

Rich, semantically descriptive file attributes are valuable in many contexts, such as semantic namespaces and desktop search. Descriptive attributes help users to find files placed in seemingly-arbitrary locations by different applications. However, extracting semantic attributes from file contents is nontrivial. An alternative is to examine file provenance: how and when files are used, and the agents that use them.We study the extraction of semantic attributes from file provenance by applying data mining and machine learning techniques to file metadata. We show that provenance and other metadata predict semantic attributes such as file extensions. This complements previous work, which has shown that file extensions predict access patterns.

Numerical model outputs from my PhD (titled: Will fast glaciers accelerate under climate change?) and the RESPONDER project that form the basis of the figures and data in the associated publication. Data provided as .tar.gz archives containing several thousand .vtu and .pvtu files. The .pvtu and .vtu files are outputs from the numerical finite-element model, Elmer/Ice, set up to model the evolution of the subglacial hydrology of Store Glacier, a tidewater glacier in western Greenland. Information about Elmer/Ice can be found here: http://elmerice.elmerfem.org/ and I hope to have all the code I used uploaded to the main Elmer/Ice repository soon (in the meantime, please contact me if you're interested in the code). The model outputs are grouped into six .tar.gz archives, all representing three months of model time. Each archive contains three sets of files: PostCalve files are output for the ice mesh; Hydro files are outputs for the hydrology mesh (conceptually, at the base of the ice mesh) and channel files are the channel elements on the hydrology mesh (because the channels are complicated). One archive (WinterToUpload) contains the results for a representative winter scenario (no surface melt, only basal and internal melt). Two (Summer12Steady and Summer17Steady) contain results for the summers (Jun-Jul-Aug) of 2012 (high surface melt) and 2017 (low surface melt), respectively, forced using constant average surface melt derived from the regional climate model, RACMO. Two more (Summer12Daily and Summer17Daily) model the same periods, but use daily-resolution surface melt from RACMO to explore whether this more realistic method of forcing really impacts the model results (in some ways it does, in other, it doesn't). Finally, Summer12MT is identical to Summer12Steady, except the mesh resolution is coarser, to check whether that significantly impacts the results (it doesn't). When looking at the results in Paraview, just load in the .pvtu files - they reference the appropriate .vtu files. You only need to worry about individual .vtu files if you want to look at one specific mesh partition at one timestep.

Dermal fillers, or just fillers, are products that are injected into or under the skin for medical or cosmetic purposes. This could be to restore the natural contours of the body after an operation for example, but also to mask the visible effects of ageing. The National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) has compiled an overview of 26 so-called non-permanent fillers that were marketed in the Netherlands in 2014, and has analysed these products in a laboratory. The technical files of the 14 manufacturers of these products were also investigated. Following a request through professional associations, 67 treating professionals completed a questionnaire about the fillers that they use and about their potential side effects. All 26 products from 14 manufacturers proved to be harmless. In order to establish this, an internationally recognised laboratory test that measures harmful effects on cells was carried out. The composition of the products conforms with the description in the technical files. According to the treating professionals, the products from the 14 manufacturers cause very few side effects. The quality of key sections in the technical files of the 14 manufacturers varied. It is important that manufacturers ensure their technical files are kept in good order. By keeping complete and correct files, manufacturers underpin the safety of the product for the patient, although a limitation in the files does not lead directly to a substandard product. Two sets of files were incomplete, meaning that the safety of the product for the patient is not well substantiated. Most of the inadequacies in the files were of an administrative nature, and are not expected to have any influence on the safety of the product for the patient.

Large register file with multiple ports is a critical component of a high-performance processor. A large number of registers are necessary for processing a larger number of in-flight instructions to exploit higher instruction level parallelism (ILP). Multiple ports for a register file are necessary to support execution of multiple instructions each cycle. These necessities lead to a larger register access time. However, register access time has to be minimal to enable design of high frequency processors. Analysis of lifetime of a logical to physical register mapping reveals that there are long latencies between the times a physical register is allocated, consumed, and released. We propose a dual bank register file organization that exploits such long latencies, resulting in a large bandwidth with a reduced register access time. Implementation of one flavor of the proposed register file organization, as compared to a conventional monolithic register file, in an 8-wide out-of-order issue superscalar processor enhanced instructions per cycle (IPC) throughput up to 6% for Spec2000 applications while inducing register access time up to 22%. Another flavor of the register file organization, with a similar access time as the conventional monolithic register file, enhanced the IPC up to 15%. Thus a trade-off between register access time and ILP exploitation is shown.

HP's Store All with Express Query is a scalable commercial file archiving product that offers sophisticated file metadata management and search capabilities [3]. A new REST API enables fast, efficient searching to find all files that meet a given set of metadata criteria and the ability to tag files with custom metadata fields. The product brings together two significant systems: a scale out file system and a metadata database based on LazyBase [10]. In designing and building the combined product, we identified several real-world issues in using a pipelined database system in a distributed environment, and overcame several interesting design challenges that were not contemplated by the original research prototype. This paper highlights our experiences.

Author: Giuliana Di Martino email: gd392@cam.ac.uk Principal Investigator: Jeremy J. Baumberg email of PI: jjb12@cam.ac.uk Institute: NanoPhotonics Centre, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge The data files contain optical spectra of the experimental and simulated data. Details on the acquisition method are included in the main manuscript. Igor Pro has been used to acquire and plot the data. PovRay and PowerPoint has been used to create Fig.1. File formats: - raw data files are supplied as .txt files - images are supplied as .png or .pdf files

Managing many computers is difficult. Recent virtualization trends exacerbate this problem by making it easy to create and deploy multiple virtual appliances per physical machine, each of which can be configured with different applications and utilities. This results in a huge scaling problem for large organizations as management overhead grows linearly with the number of appliances. To address this problem, we introduce Strata, a system that combines unioning file system and package management semantics to enable more efficient creation, provisioning and management of virtual appliances. Unlike traditional systems that depend on monolithic file systems, Strata uses a collection of individual sotware layers that are composed together into the Virtual Layered File System (VLFS) to provide the traditional file system view. Individual layers are maintained in a central repository and shared across all file systems that use them. Layer changes and upgrades only need to be done once in the repository and are then automatically propagated to all virtual appliances, resulting in management overhead independent of the number of appliances. Our Strata Linux prototype requires only a single loadable kernel module providing the VLFS support and doesn't require any application or source code level kernel modifications. Using this prototype, we demonstrate how Strata enables fast system provisioning, simplifies system maintenance and upgrades, speeds system recovery from security exploits, and incurs only modest performance overhead.

Data deduplication systems discover and exploit redundancies between different data blocks. The most common approach divides data into chunks and identifies redundancies via fingerprints. The file content can be rebuilt by combining the chunk fingerprints which are stored sequentially in a file recipe. The corresponding file recipe data can occupy a significant fraction of the total disk space, especially if the deduplication ratio is very high. We propose a combination of efficient and scalable compression schemes to shrink the file recipes' size. A trace-based simulation shows that these methods can compress file recipes by up to 93%.

We implement a system to improve the privacy and the robustness of a file in the current public network storage service system. By using our system, users can easily upload files to public network storage service system with trivial UI and also improve the privacy and robustness of this file. Because of the lack of appropriate API, our system uses synchronizing folders to synchronize file with each public network storage service systems. Our system program improves the file privacy through encryption and file robustness via erasure correcting code.

(2) read (x) is defined: 'If the end of file x has been reached, then assign the value true to a system variable end. of.file; otherwise, make the next record from file x available to the program.' Program 2(a) initialise; read (x); while not end. of .file do [process. record; read (x)]; finish; Program 2(b) initialise; again: read (JC) ; if not end. of .file then [process. record; go to again]; finish; (3) read (x), at end s; is defined: 'If the end of file x has been reached, then execute the statement-sequence s; otherwise, make the next record from file x available to the program and do not execute the statement-sequence s.'

The data is arranged into 4 folders (.zip files; bold), each of which contains the source files for a figure that can be found the manuscript or the supporting information. This data and the descriptions below should be read in conjunction with the manuscript and its supporting information, both of which may be found at the following DOI: 10.1063/1.4999636 • Figure 2: *.jpg files for each figure panel. • Figure 3: *.txt files for each panel sorted by wavelengths in nanometers, each angle of incidence (°) is a separate column. • Figure 4: *.txt files for each measurement. • S5-S8: *.txt files for each measurement.

two dimensional matrix for fcx, fcy and qxy input data files and the problem size from 210 by 72 to 71,721 by 90,720 The data format for p5k6w7s9d8-fcx-1.txt: number-of-rows(30) number-of-columns(7) fcx fcx fcx ...fcx ..... The data format for p5k6w7s9d8-qxy-1.txt: number-of-rows(210) number-of-columns(72) qxy qxy qxy ...qxy ..... The data format for p5k6w7s9d8-fcy-1.txt: number-of-rows(9) number-of-columns(8) fcy fcy fcy ...fcy .... For the large instances such as 71,721 by 90,720 data files will split into multiple files After downloading the split files, you could type this: copy /b file1 + file2 + file3 + file4 filetogether then type: gunzip filetogether to get the original input files (up to 8GB per file)