FUNCTIONAL FOOD PROSPECTS FOR INCREASED EXERCISE

IntroductionThe Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) strategy report recommends long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) or long-acting β2-agonists (LABA) as first-line treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but many patients remain symptomatic on monotherapy and escalation to dual-bronchodilator therapy may be warranted.MethodsTONADO® 1&2 and OTEMTO® 1&2 assessed lung function and patient-reported outcomes in patients with moderate-to-severe (OTEMTO) or moderate-to-very-severe (TONADO) COPD. This pooled post hoc analysis included patients treated with LAMA monotherapy at baseline who were randomised to receive either 5 µg tiotropium (LAMA) or 5/5 µg tiotropium/olodaterol (LAMA/LABA). We assessed changes from baseline and responder rates for trough forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and the Transition Dyspnoea Index (TDI).ResultsOverall, 151 patients received tiotropium; 148 received tiotropium/olodaterol. Mean differences from baseline with tiotropium/olodaterol versus tiotropium were + 0.074 l (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.033, 0.115; P = 0.0004) for trough FEV1, − 2.675 (95% CI − 5.060, − 0.291; P = 0.0280) for SGRQ and 1.148 (95% CI 0.564, 1.732; P = 0.0001) for TDI. Patients were more likely to respond when treated with tiotropium/olodaterol versus tiotropium for trough FEV1 (odds ratio [OR] 3.14, 95% CI 1.94, 5.06; P < 0.0001), SGRQ (OR 1.49, 95% CI 0.93, 2.40; P = 0.0980) and TDI (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.71, 4.60; P < 0.0001). Minimum clinically important difference from baseline in any of the analysed outcomes (FEV1 ≥ 0.1 l, SGRQ ≥ 4.0 points or TDI ≥ 1.0 point) was more likely in patients treated with tiotropium/olodaterol versus tiotropium (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.32, 4.51; P = 0.0046).ConclusionIn patients with COPD receiving only LAMA monotherapy, treatment escalation to tiotropium/olodaterol resulted in statistically significant and clinically relevant improvements in lung function, health status and breathlessness. These results support early therapy optimisation to dual bronchodilation with tiotropium/olodaterol in patients receiving tiotropium alone.Trial RegistrationTONADO® 1 was registered in the US National Library of Medicine on 9 September 2011 (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01431274). TONADO® 2 was registered in the US National Library of Medicine on 9 September 2011 (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01431287). OTEMTO® 1 was registered in the US National Library of Medicine on 17 October 2013 (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01964352). OTEMTO® 2 was registered in the US National Library of Medicine on 10 December 2013 (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02006732).Graphical

For journals in the biomedical or life sciences, PubMed is likely their leading source of referral traffic and is an essential tool for researchers in these fields. The backbone of PubMed is MEDLINE, a database of over 25 million journal articles. Although much of the process is automated and online now, MEDLINE continues a tradition of indexing medical journal articles at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) that goes back to the 1870s with the creation of the Index Medicus, a monthly collection of journal citations. This collection needed to be manually collected, reviewed, and indexed by the NLM and the following photo essay highlights some of that process using photos from their digital archives. All photos and some of the photo caption text are from the US National Library of Medicine Digital Collections (https://collections2.nlm.nih.gov/) and are believed to be in the public domain. Soon after the Civil War, John Shaw Billings was put in charge of the Library of the Surgeon General’s Office, which later became the National Library of Medicine. He quickly moved to substantially expand the Library’s holdings, eventually making it the largest medical library in the United States. He did this in part through advertisements such as this in the New York Medical Record, September 15, 1873, attempting to fill gaps in the Library’s collection of journals. Billings would later start Index Medicus with Robert Fletcher. (1873; http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101656726) The Seven Arts of Indexing a Journal Article. This undated cartoon provides an overview of the manual […]

Exploiting Underutilised crops

Background: This review article aims to emphasize the importance of oral and dental health, which is often overlooked but an indispensable element of overall health, and the striking effect of oral health on athletic performance, which has emerged in recent research in the field of sports medicine and dentistry. Materials and Methods: In the search for scientific literature for this review, data from the US National Library of Medicine (PubMed), MEDLINE, and SportDiscus were used, and the terms ‘’ oral health’’, sports injuries’’, ‘’ sportive performance’’, ‘’ dental health’’. “athletes’ health’’ were used. The relevant literature has also taken its source from the research of relevant articles from reference lists derived from data searches Results: It is widely acknowledged that optimal oral health plays an important role in overall well-being. It is also recognized that athletes face unique challenges due to the demands of intense training programs. It is worth noting that maintaining good oral and dental health has implications that extend beyond a bright smile. There is growing evidence that it can also have a significant impact on an individual's physical performance and overall health. It is worth noting that athletes may be particularly vulnerable to a range of oral health concerns that could potentially impact their performance and overall well-being. Conclusion: Athletes may sometimes experience common oral health issues such as tooth decay and periodontal diseases, which could be due to several factors. These may include an increased intake of sugar from sports drinks, dehydration during training which can lead to dry mouth, and potential trauma from contact sports. It is worth noting that these issues can have a significant impact on an athlete’s performance, beyond mere discomfort. They can affect nutrition intake, sleep quality, and even systemic inflammation levels.

Health promotion is a multidisciplinary field that aims to improve the health and well-being of people not only by treating diseases, but also by promoting healthy lifestyles, preventing diseases, and addressing social, economic, and environmental factors that affect health. However, the meaning may vary according to the perspective of different actors and professionals. Scoping review, using the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online – US National Library of Medicine’s, for the articles that were published between January 1, 2018 and September 1, 2023, following the analysis procedures: title, summary reading, and total readership. The most mentioned activity in the 24 articles is health promotion associated with prevention in the community, with the home being the most referenced context. Based on Joanna Briggs’ Hierarchy of Evidence model, Institute, Redenç ao, indicates 5 levels of studies, namely: experimental studies, quasi-experimental studies, observational analytical studies, observational descriptive studies, and expert opinion. Therefore, the scope consisted of 24 articles from States United States, Brazil, Australia, South Asia, South Africa, Indonesia, Thailand, Newfoundland, Iran, Japan, South Africa, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Norway. The activity carried out by nursing at home focuses on individualized care and disease monitoring. Keywords: nursing, community health nursing, health promotion, primary prevention

Clinicians' Guide to New Tools and Features of PubMed

Objetivo: Compreender as atribuições causais da evolução e na fisiopatologia da Nefropatia diabética em pacientes com fatores de suscetibilidade. Métodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Foram realizadas buscas bases de dados eletrônicas Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde (BIREME), Biblioteca Virtual Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed). Os parâmetros de aptidão foram artigos científicos indexados no período de 2010 a 2020, registrados nos idiomas inglês, português ou espanhol. Resultados: Na elaboração da revisão integrativa foi observado na grande maioria dos artigos, a prevalência do tipo e força da evidência III, demostrando evidências intermediárias na relação da Nefropatia diabética e seus fatores de risco. A abordagem enfatizava a Nefropatia diabética avaliando a prevalência de seus fatores de risco e ressaltando a importância da detecção precoce destes aspectos associados, vislumbrando a qualidade de vida para a sociedade. Conclusão: Os dados obtidos por meio da revisão integrativa expõem que a Nefropatia Diabética está em constante prevalência e incidência, relacionada a diversos fatores de riscos das doenças crônicas aos hábitos alimentares, salientando a importância da detecção precoce destes aspectos relacionados com o intuito de evitar e protelar as complicações renais pelo Diabetes Mellitus e consequentemente diminuir as chances de morbidade e mortalidade em casos de progressão para a ND.

Over the past three years (2006–2008), the medical/health and public health communities have shown a growing interest in using online 3D virtual worlds like Second Life® (http://secondlife.com/) for health education, community outreach, training and simulations purposes. 3D virtual worlds are seen as the precursors of ‘Web 3D’, the next major iteration of the Internet that will follow in the coming years. This paper provides a tour of several flagship Web 3D experiences in Second Life®, including Play2Train Islands (emergency preparedness training), the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention—CDC Island (public health), Karuna Island (AIDS support and information), Tox Town at Virtual NLM Island (US National Library of Medicine - environmental health), and Jefferson’s Occupational Therapy Center. We also discuss the potential and future of Web 3D. These are still early days of 3D virtual worlds, and there are still many more untapped potentials and affordances of 3D virtual worlds that are yet to be explored, as the technology matures further and improves over the coming months and years.

Rating ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> An exhibition at the National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, until 30 July The full exhibition is also available at www.nlm.nih.gov/onceandfutureweb It allowed people to communicate almost instantly...

Hepcidin: A novel peptide hormone regulating iron metabolism

A dor figura como uma das causas mais prevalentes de incapacidade e sofrimento em pacientes oncológicos e em cuidados paliativos. O manejo eficaz desse sintoma frequentemente requer a utilização de analgésicos opioides, reconhecidos por sua elevada eficácia no controle álgico. Contudo, tais fármacos apresentam efeitos colaterais que, não raro, comprometem de maneira expressiva a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos em tratamento. Dentre as reações adversas, destaca-se a constipação induzida por opioides (CIO), um dos efeitos mais prevalentes e debilitantes. Deste modo, este estudo apresenta como objetivo investigar na literatura as principais terapias farmacológicas utilizadas no manejo da constipação induzida por opioides. Quanto à metodologia, realizou-se, entre outubro e dezembro de 2024, um levantamento de publicações científicas nas bases de dados eletrônicas Medical Literature Analysis and retrieval System Online via US National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health (Medline/Pubmed), por meio de descritores específicos, que indicassem investigação em pacientes oncológicos ou em cuidados paliativos em tratamento com uso de opioides e com desfecho clínico de constipação induzida por opioides. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a constipação induzida por opioides (CIO) é uma condição prevalente, afetando significativamente pacientes que utilizam opioides para controle da dor. As terapias farmacológicas emergem como a principal estratégia para o manejo dessa condição, com destaque para os antagonistas de receptores opioides de ação periférica (PAMORAs), como metilnaltrexona, naldemedina e naloxegol. Estes agentes apresentaram eficácia superior, aumentando a frequência de evacuações espontâneas e aliviando sintomas de forma segura e bem tolerada. A utilização desses medicamentos é especialmente indicada em casos em que a terapia tradicional com uso de laxantes se mostra insuficiente, reafirmando sua relevância no manejo da CIO e na promoção do bem-estar dos pacientes. Portanto, a CIO é o efeito colateral mais comum em pacientes em uso de opioides. Mudanças no estilo de vida e uso de laxantes convencionais são a primeira linha de tratamento. Quando esta abordagem não funciona, lança-se mão de medicamentos que atuem nos mecanismos fisiopatológicos do problema, como os antagonistas de receptores opioides de ação periférica (PAMORAs). Palavras-chave: Constipação induzida por opioides; Cuidados paliativos; Laxantes; Antagonistas narcóticos.

The Year in Review: Time to Celebrate

Descriptive metadata, such as an article's title, authors, institutional affiliations, keywords and date of publication, collected either manually or automatically from documents contents, is often used to search and retrieve relevant documents in an archived collection. This metadata, especially for a large text corpus such as a biomedical collection, may encapsulate patterns, trends, and other valuable information, usually revealed by using specialized data analysis software to answer specific questions. A more useful, generalized approach is to repurpose this metadata to serve as a knowledgebase to answer appropriate semantic queries.At the US National Library of Medicine (NLM), we recently archived a large biomedical collection comprising annual conference proceedings containing research findings on cholera, conducted between the years 1960-2011 under the &#x201C;US-Japan Cooperative Medical Science Program&#x201D; (CMSP). This program was established to address health problems in Southeast Asia and other developing countries. An R&amp;D information management system developed at NLM, called &#x201C;System for the Preservation of Electronic Resources&#x201D; (SPER), automatically extracted descriptive metadata from this text corpus and built a DSpace-based archive for accessing the conference articles. SPER also used this metadata to get detailed information regarding the CMSP research community, timelines of important drugs and discoveries and international collaboration, etc., using special purpose data analysis software.In this paper, we describe the occurrence and extraction of metadata from the CMSP document set, and present an alternative approach in which this metadata is used to build a knowledgebase to support semantic queries about the CMSP Program. Specifically, we show the OWL-based hierarchical ontology model created to represent the CMSP Program with its publications, participants and international collaboration over time. We discuss the technique used to convert the extracted metadata from relational database tables to OWL/RDF assertions suitable for supporting semantic queries. We show examples of queries performed against this CMSP knowledgebase, and discuss some scalability issues. Finally we describe how this approach could be customized for other large textual collections, including one from the Food and Drug Administration previously archived by the SPER system.

Technology advances and the continuing convergence of computing and telecommunications have made an unprecedented amount of information available to the public. For many people with disabilities, however, accessibility issues limit the impact of such widespread availability. Of the many types of disabilities-mobility, hearing, and learning impairments, for example-vision impairments are most pervasive in the general population, especially among seniors. The world's rapidly aging population is redefining visually impaired, which refers to individuals with low vision (that is, people for whom ordinary eyeglasses, contact lenses, or intraocular lens implants don't provide clear vision), color blindness, and blindness. In 1998, the US Congress amended the Rehabilitation Act, strengthening provisions covering access to government-posted information for people with disabilities. As amended, Section 508 requires federal agencies to ensure that all assets and technologies are accessible and usable by employees and the public, regardless of physical, sensory, or cognitive disabilities. Most current assistive technologies for visually impaired users are expensive, difficult to use, and platform dependent. A new approach by the US National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH), addresses these weaknesses by locating the assistive capability at the server, thus freeing visually impaired individuals from the software expense, technical complexity, and substantial learning curve of other assistive technologies. NLM's Senior Health Web site (http://nihseniorhealth.gov), a talking Web (a Web application that presents Web content as speech to users), demonstrates the approach's effectiveness.

Guest editorial