Future of Wind Energy in India

We conduct uncertainty analysis on the impacts of the future cost of wind energy on global electricity generation and the value of wind energy to climate change mitigation. We integrate data on global onshore and offshore wind energy cost and resources into the Global Climate Assessment Model (GCAM), and then propagate uncertainty based on distributions derived from an expert elicitation study on the future cost of onshore and offshore wind energy. The share of wind energy electricity generation in 2035, without a global policy on CO2 emissions, ranges between 4% and more than triple the 2019 share of 5.3%. Under a 1.5°C cap, this range is wider, with shares up to 34%. This range of uncertainty implies the need for flexible systems and policies, allowing large amounts to be deployed if needed. We explore whether a breakthrough in wind energy could prevent the demand for natural gas as a bridge technology to a low carbon economy, and find that uncertainty in wind energy is only pertinent for medium-stringency policies, such as a $60/t carbon tax. Under this scenario, there is a 95% chance that the cost of wind energy will be low enough to lead to an immediate reduction in the share of natural gas. In contrast, under a business-as-usual scenario without a breakthrough in cost, natural gas is highly likely to continue increasing in share of electricity generation. Under a 1.5°C cap, natural gas will decrease in share regardless of wind energy cost.

A fuzzy analytic hierarchy process-based analysis for prioritization of barriers to offshore wind energy

Advanced control of large-scale wind turbines: Structural load reduction and lifetime control

Evaluation of energy alternatives for sustainable development of energy sector in India: An integrated Shannon’s entropy fuzzy multi-criteria decision approach

India is expected to be one of the major contributors to green house gases (GHG) due to increased share of thermal power generation along with growth in power demand. In order to reduce the emissions one can either go for clean and energy efficient technologies or go for certain economic instruments. In this paper an analysis has been carried out to study the effect of energy tax on the generation expansion planning and the environmental emissions from the power sector in India. The study has been carried out for the complete Indian Power sector network. A model for integrated resource planning and analysis (IRPA) and CPLEX software has been used to carry out the present study.

With substantial new approach and global relevance, this book provides a chronological narrative of how policy priority, policy design and institutional structure for coal, railways and power sector in India co-evolved in phases with changing national priorities. I believe that this book is an extremely timely contribution and will surely help inject new insights and clear perspective for researchers and policy makers in India and inform the global discourse as well on shaping the smooth transitions for sustainable future for coal rich countries like India. The book will be of considerable interest and use to the authors of global assessment reports and development community including academia, decision makers like national governments, bilateral and multilateral funding agencies, and civil societies engaged in developmental actions in the region. It will encourage more extensive studies in many other countries to advance deeper regional debate, struggle and understanding of the way forward. – Joyashree Roy, Former Professor of Economics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India and Director, SMARTS Center, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand. In this path-breaking volume, A.K. Maitra has provided a much-needed historical account of the development of the railways and coal industry. The book is based on archival materials and the author's decades of experience handling coal transportation and related policies. The book serves as a bridge between academic history and critical policy studies. It will have a long shelf life. – Ritajyoti Bandyopadhyay, PhD, FRHistS, FRAI. Author of Streets in Motion: The Making of Infrastructure, Property, and Political Culture in Twentieth-century Calcutta, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022

Maintaining interconnected infrastructures such as transportation, communication, power grids, and pipeline networks is paramount in emerging economies. One of the critical interruptions is the targeted attacks on the operating cyber-physical systems to disconnect operations, inspection, or monitoring of the system. Therefore, adopting a cybersecurity system (or platform) that provides holistic protection is vital for protecting the integrity of critical infrastructure networks. As such, this research aspires to provide a decision support system for cybersecurity managers or practitioners (in the Indian power sector) to select the best and appropriate platform for protection against cyber-attacks. A three-phase method is adopted. First, a literature search followed by an expert panel discussion identified alternatives (cybersecurity platforms) and selection criteria. Next, a questionnaire was developed. Thirdly, a hybrid Best-Worst Improved and COmprehensive distance-Based RAnking (BWM-I and COBRA) method was proposed and applied to evaluate the cybersecurity platform alternatives. Four alternatives (Cloud-Based Platforms, Web-Based Platforms, Application-Based Platforms, and AI-Based Platforms), six primary criteria, and fifteen unique sub-criteria were identified. Responses were collected from 80 power utility managers on a pan-India basis, ranking "End-to-End Coverage" criteria and the AI-Based platform as best. This approach identified the best cybersecurity platform that, if adopted, can be extended to other critical infrastructures, with an appropriate adjustment in the selection criteria. The study can be helpful to practitioners in evaluating cybersecurity platforms. Furthermore, it addresses a research gap in its application in a developing country like India.

Driven by rapid economic development and growing electricity demand, NO(x) emissions (E) from the power sector in India have increased dramatically since the mid-1990s. In this study, we present the NO(x) emissions from Indian public thermal power plants for the period 1996-2010 using a unit-based methodology and compare the emission estimates with the satellite observations of NO(2) tropospheric vertical column densities (TVCDs) from four spaceborne instruments: GOME, SCIAMACHY, OMI, and GOME-2. Results show that NO(x) emissions from Indian power plants increased by at least 70% during 1996-2010. Coal-fired power plants, NO(x) emissions from which are not regulated in India, contribute ∼96% to the total power sector emissions, followed by gas-fired (∼4%) and oil-fired (<1%) ones. A number of isolated NO(2) hot spots are observed over the power plant areas, and good agreement between NO(2) TVCDs and NO(x) emissions is found for areas dominated by power plant emissions. Average NO(2) TVCDs over power plant areas were continuously increasing during the study period. We find that the ratio of ΔE/E to ΔTVCD/TVCD changed from greater than one to less than one around 2005-2008, implying that a transition of the overall NO(x) chemistry occurred over the power plant areas, which may cause significant impact on the atmospheric environment.

The paper aims to study the impact of various dimensions of workplace spirituality (compassion, mindfulness and meaningful work) on FLE adaptability and job outcomes (job satisfaction and job performance). A sample of 517 FLEs working in the power sector in India participated in this cross sectional study, conducted on non-WEIRD (western, educated, industrialised, rich and democratic) samples. The research using structural equation modelling, finds a positive relationship between three dimensions of workplace spirituality on FLE adaptability. Besides, FLE adaptability is found to positively impact job outcomes (job satisfaction and job performance). This study also found that FLE adaptability to be completely mediating the relationship between workplace spirituality and job outcomes. The results and implications are discussed.

Solar photovoltaic (PV) is a novel and eco-friendly power source. India's vast solar resources present tremendous solar energy use prospects. The solar PV growth in India has spanned over fifty years, with a significant increase during the past decade. To meet the requirements of the rapidly expanding PV power market in India, it is essential to define, scrutinize, and comprehend the industry's development path and features. This study comprehensively analyzes the current state of solar resources, the future growth prospects of the solar PV sector, and the major factors that influence the industry's smooth growth. The study relates to the following five major factors: technological R&D, industrial planning, rules and regulations, power pricing guidelines, and projects enticement programs. To explore these elements, a multifaceted approach consisting of an inclusive literature research, statistical data inquiry, legislation review, and regulatory and policy analysis is undertaken. Analyzing the usual occurrences, the development process, and the features of the five elements permits the growth of development route models. The findings of this study provide information regarding the current development and future prospects of PV power sector in India. In today's rapidly changing social, economic, and technological landscapes, policymakers have the opportunity to gain better understanding from the ever-evolving practices and new advances in the business paradigm.

Dumb Networks to Smart Grids – How Will it Catapult India into Being Energy Efficient?

The power sector in India has undergone significant progress after Independence. When India became independent in 1947, the country had a power generating capacity of 1, 362 MW. Hydro power and coal based thermal power have been the main sources of generating electricity. Generation and distribution of electrical power was carried out primarily by private utility companies. Notable amongst them and still in existence is Calcutta Electric. Power was available only in a few urban centers; rural areas and villages did not have electricity. After 1947, all new power generation, transmission and distribution in the rural sector and the urban centers (which was not served by private utilities) came under the purview of State and Central government agencies. State Electricity Boards (SEBs) were formed in all the states. Nuclear power development is at slower pace, which was introduced, in late sixties. The concept of operating power systems on a regional basis crossing the political boundaries of states was introduced in the early sixties. In spite of the overall development that has taken place, the power supply industry has been under constant pressure to bridge the gap between supply and demand. In this paper Accounting System in Power Companies has been explained in respect of NTPC Ltd.

A comprehensive study and assessment of electricity acts and power sector policies of India on social, technical, economic, and environmental fronts

Climate change affects and its potential threats are experienced by almost every region across the globe. The major impacts of climate change include loss of balance in the ecosystems, environmental degradation, well-being of a society and also affect the economy of a country. In order to reach the goals of Paris Agreement 2015 and reduce our reliance on fossil fuels, governments of various countries are framing policies to shift from non-renewables to the clean energy sources. Developing countries like India have ample renewable sources like solar, wind and hydro power that can be used for the generation of electricity, transportation and meet the industrial needs. Transition towards clean energy sources is a long-term process which requires the financial assistance and technology sharing by the developed countries. It became our top priority to develop more efficient and cost-effective technologies which utilize these renewable sources for the production and storage of energy. In this paper we have discussed various clean energy sources and advanced technologies available in the solar and wind power sectors. This paper also presents initiatives taken up by the Government of India to promote renewables for attaining the sustainable development goals. The advantages and limitations associated with their usage. The concept of circular economy is the emerging trend to handle the waste and helps to minimize the carbon emissions and regenerate nature.

On the accuracy of CORDEX RCMs to project future winds over the Iberian Peninsula and surrounding ocean