Fuzzy Logic-Based Plant Environment Automation IoT System as the Basis for Smart Terrarium Development

Smart farming with accurate greenhouses needs to be implemented for better farming growth management, and therefore, precision agriculture monitoring in diverse conditions is required. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new era in computer communication that is gaining traction due to its vast range of applications in project development. The IoT provides individuals with smart and remote approaches, such as smart agriculture, smart environment, smart security, and smart cities. This is the most recent technology that is making things easier these days. The Internet of Things (IoT) has fundamentally expanded remote distance control and the diversity of networked things or devices, which is an intriguing element. The IoT comprises the hardware as well as the Internet connectivity to the real-time application. Sensors, actuators, embedded systems, and an Internet connection are the key components of the Internet of Things. As a result, we are interested in creating a smart farm IoT application. In greenhouse agriculture, this study presented a remote sensing of parameters and control system. The objective is to manage CO2, temperature, soil moisture, humidity, and light, with regulating actions for greenhouse windows/doors dependent on crops being carried out once a quarter throughout the year. The major goal is to properly regulate greenhouse conditions in accordance with plant requirements, in order to enhance output and provide organic farming. The results show that the greenhouse may be controlled remotely for CO2, temperature, soil moisture, humidity, and light, resulting in improved management.

The relentless growth of the global population, compounded by the adversities posed by climate change, has triggered an unprecedented demand for sustenance. This burgeoning need places an imperative on the agricultural sector to adopt practices that are both sustainable and efficient. Traditional farming methods, marked by inefficiencies and environmental ramifications, prove inadequate in meeting this escalating demand. Inresponse, precision farming emerges as a transformative solution, centering on data-driven decision-making and the optimization of resources. This groundbreaking whitepaper meticulously navigates the intersection of precision farming and augmented reality (AR) technology, showcasing a paradigm shift in agriculturalpractices. AR, a revolutionary tool overlaying digital insights onto the physical world,empowers farmers with real-time information on soil conditions, crop health, and moisture Levels. Harnessing AR's capabilities, farmers gain unprecedented control over irrigation and fertilizer applications, minimizing waste while maximizing yields. The paper dives deep into the modern challenges of agriculture, articulates the substantial benefits of precision farming, and underscores AR's transformative potential in surmounting these challenges. Precision farming, elucidated as the fusion of technology to gather and analyze data on parameters like soil moisture and weather conditions, is detailed with utmost clarity. In contrast to the antiquated one-size-fits-all approach of traditional farming, precision farming, facilitated by real-time data and analytics, enables bespoke crop management. This optimization minimizes resource usage, curtails waste, and augments productivity to Unparalleled levels. The whitepaper seamlessly dissects precision farming into two indispensable components:data capture and data visualization. The Internet of Things (IoT) emerges as the linchpin for data capture, employing sensors that collect real-time data transmitted to a centralized platform for astute analysis. Concurrently, AR, the second component, emerges as the pivotal interface, empowering farmers to seamlessly visualize and interpret data for judicious decision-making. In the current corporate panorama, stalwarts like Augmenta and Grow Glide, coupled with potential contributors like Rams Creative Technologies Pvt. Ltd. and emerging entities likeInfosys Limited, stand as vanguards propelling technological advancements to bolster precision farming. However, the potential for widespread AR adoption in precision farming faces impediments. Concerns regarding the safety and health risks associated with AR hardware, coupled with formidable development costs, and a prevailing lack of awareness pose substantial challenges.

The concept of an "ideal plant" represents an imaginary state where plants receive optimal and continuous supply of three critical factors: adequate heat, adequate water, and adequate minerals. This research paper presents a comprehensive framework for designing and implementing an automated electronic control system capable of maintaining ideal plant growth conditions through Internet of Things (IoT) technology and precision environmental management. The proposed system integrates multiple sensor technologies including temperature sensors, soil moisture probes, pH sensors, and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) sensors with an ESP32 microcontroller to continuously monitor and regulate environmental parameters. Automated actuators such as heating elements, water pumps, and nutrient dosing systems maintain parameters within optimal ranges specific to plant species and growth stages. Real-time data collection through IoT platforms enables remote monitoring via mobile applications, allowing farmers and researchers to track plant health from anywhere at any time. The system demonstrates significant improvements in resource efficiency with 90% reduction in water usage, up to 50% reduction in energy consumption, and 20-25% increase in crop yield compared to traditional farming methods. This research highlights the transformative potential of combining IoT sensors, automated control systems, and precision agriculture principles to create an achievable ideal growing environment that optimises plant physiology, minimises resource wastage, and enhances agricultural sustainability for both commercial and domestic applications.

This project presents the design of smart IOT based indoor farming analysis and monitoring using fuzzy logic techniques. Since climatic parameters of indoor farming are dependent on each other therefore, it is bit difficult to control them for this reason a system is designed which will monitor and analyse all the parameters on the basis of fuzzy logic algorithm. The main purpose of designed system is to monitor and to control parameters with the help of actuators present in the system to produce special quality vegetables at a faster rate and by revoking the necessity of the arduous activities generally associated with farming. Apart from that, remote monitoring and controlling of the artificial environment to eliminate the dependency on the natural habitat to ensure year-round availability of all plants and vegetables is one of the main objectives of this project. Environmental factors included air temperature, air humidity, illumination, soil moisture, and CO2 concentration. The sensor layer is IOT based consisting of Soil Moisture Sensor, Humidity and Temperature Sensor and LDR sensor. The whole system was identified on an application with a static IP and a domain name. The recorded temperature and humidity are stored in a cloud database (ThingSpeak), and the results are displayed in a webpage, from where the user can view them directly. So this project is to implement the automation in Farming system, where it increases the efficiency in farming effective water irrigation, motion monitor around the indoor field and fertility of soil.

Abstract: The rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology across all industries, from the automotive to home automation, had an impact on the agriculture sector as well, commonly known as "Smart Agriculture," which moved the entire sector from statistical to quantitative methods. These innovative ideas modify agriculture's current practises, open up new prospects, and help this industry overcome a number of obstacles. This study shows a system that makes use of the possibilities of these IoT and wireless sensing devices as well as the difficulties encountered when fusing these technologies for mutual benefit. This essay demonstrates how to use a smart agricultural application that allows users to monitor and modify soil moisture, temperature, and humidity.The capacity to remotely direct water flow anywhere the user pleases without being present in person. This is accomplished by using a soil moisture sensor that can measure soil moisture, a DHT 11 for measuring temperature and humidity, an Arduino to link the entire system together, and the IOT cloud as the system's database. Our only goal is to create an automated solution for remote gardening that is user-friendly

The design of a Soil moisture monitoring system with the Smart Farming Concept for IoT-based Chili Cultivation is a system design tool used to monitor Soil moisture in cayenne pepper cultivation. The monitoring system can determine Soil moisture conditions by monitoring Soil moisture information using IoT-based Microcontroller technology so that farmers can monitor the growth of cayenne pepper plants without the need to come to the Greenhouse location to monitor. The design of this monitoring systemuses a Soil moisture sensor. Where the Soil moisture sensor works is to monitor in real-time the state of Soil moisture in a Greenhouse. The classification of Soil moisture on soil quality so that the growth of cayenne pepper plants does not experience problems for dry soil and 61% to 100% for wet soil. The optimal Soil moisture content for cayenne pepper plant growth is in the range of 60% to 70% moist. The program flow to create a Soil moisture monitoring system for IoT-based chili cultivation goes through 3 main stages, namely the initialization, setup, and loop stages so that it can produce a display on the Soil moisture monitoring system application in real time. The results of the design of a Soil moisture monitoring tool based on trials show the optimal Soil moisture value at an average humidity of 63.5% and automatic watering will be carried out by the system when the Soil moisture level decreases from 60% so that it can be concluded that the IoT- based Soil moisture monitoring system can work well.

Advanced sensor technology, especially those that incorporate artificial intelligence (AI), has been recognized as increasingly important in various contemporary applications, including navigation, automation, water under imaging, environmental monitoring, and robotics. Data-driven decision-making and higher efficiency have enabled more excellent infrastructure thanks to integrating AI with sensors. The agricultural sector is one such area that has seen significant promise from this technology using the Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities. This paper describes an intelligent system for monitoring and analyzing agricultural environmental conditions, including weather, soil, and crop health, that uses internet-connected sensors and equipment. This work makes two significant contributions. It first makes it possible to use sensors linked to the IoT to accurately monitor the environment remotely. Gathering and analyzing data over time may give us valuable insights into daily fluctuations and long-term patterns. The second benefit of AI integration is the remote control; it provides for essential activities like irrigation, pest management, and disease detection. The technology can optimize water usage by tracking plant development and health and adjusting watering schedules accordingly. Intelligent Control Systems (Matlab/Simulink Ver. 2022b) use a hybrid controller that combines fuzzy logic with standard PID control to get high-efficiency performance from water pumps. In addition to monitoring crops, smart cameras allow farmers to make real-time adjustments based on soil moisture and plant needs. Potentially revolutionizing contemporary agriculture, this revolutionary approach might boost production, sustainability, and efficiency.

The increasing concerns about environmental degradation and the proper management of liquid waste have led to the exploration of innovative technological solutions.This project presents a comprehensive approach to monitoring and controlling liquid waste utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) technology and fuzzy logic.The system aims to achieve real-time data collection, intelligent decision-making, and remote control through the aerator system by integration of sensors, microcontrollers, and the Thing Speak IoT platform.The project focuses on developing a smart liquid waste management system capable of measuring key parameters such as COD(chemical Oxygen Demand).The collected data are then processed through a fuzzy logic algorithm to make informed control decisions.The system employs a Node MCU ESP8266 microcontroller to interface with the sensors and actuators.The collected data are transmitted to the Thing Speak platform, where they are visualized and analyzed.The key advantage of integrating fuzzy logic lies in its ability to handle imprecise and uncertain data, which are often encountered in environmental monitoring scenarios.By leveraging fuzzy logic, the system can provide adaptive control decisions that respond to the dynamic nature of liquid waste conditions.Furthermore, the integration with Thing Speak enhances the system's capabilities by enabling real-time monitoring, data visualization, and remote control through mobile applications.The implementation of this project underscores the significance of IoT and fuzzy logic in addressing critical environmental challenges.The outcomes demonstrate the potential for optimizing liquid waste management practices, reducing the environmental impact, and promoting efficient resource utilization.This project contributes to the growing field of IoT-enabled environmental monitoring and offers insights into the effective utilization of fuzzy logic for decision-making in real-world applications.

This paper describes the development of a monitoring and controlling system for a garden using the Internet of Things (IoT). The system is designed to assist users in managing their plants and gardens remotely and effectively. Soil moisture levels are difficult to assess and manage, and achieving their target levels can be challenging. Therefore, an automatic water pump system is the optimal solution for this situation. The soil moisture sensor measures the moisture content in the soil, and the system automatically turns on the water pump when the moisture level is insufficient for healthy plant growth. A Light Emitting Diode (LED) is used to notify the user when the water pump is operating. A NodeMCU is used as the microcontroller for this project, which has a built-in Wi-Fi module, making it easier to interface with the Blynk software on a smartphone. The input is a soil moisture sensor, and the outputs are a water pump and an LED. The system successfully demonstrated real-time monitoring and automated control of soil moisture, ensuring optimal plant health. The integration of NodeMCU with Blynk enabled seamless remote access and notifications, enhancing user convenience. Experimental results confirmed the system's reliability in maintaining soil moisture levels within the desired range, reducing manual intervention, and improving water efficiency. This IoTbased approach provides a practical and scalable solution for smart gardening applications.

RETRACTED: Regional agricultural industry economic development based on embedded system and Internet of Things

Agriculture is a major backbone of the world economy and it sustains humanity. Due to inefficient practices and the lack of incorporating modern-day technology in farming, the yield is affected. Internet of Things (IoT) is an evolving technology that connects various devices and shares information mutually. IoT also plays a crucial role in smart agriculture. Smart farming is an emerging field as IoT sensors can monitor many environmental factors and provide necessary data for better yield and safety of crops. Monitoring factors like soil humidity, soil moisture, pH, and fertilizer concentration are very essential to improve the yield of major crops. The focus of this project is to use these technologies in the field of agriculture to channelize the usage of the existing resources. That is, it uses soil moisture, humidity, and pH sensors which in turn control the motor mechanisms for inflow and outflow of water in the field to sustain an optimum level of retained water in these fields. The outflow of water from fields will be controlled by drainage mechanisms incorporated in our system. The running water that is pumped out will be stored in a tank. Once the amount of water stored in it is measured, the required amount of fertilizer and chemicals will be added to the tank through automated process and this water and fertilizer mixture will be reused for irrigation of the crops in a process known as fertigation.

Internet of Things (IoT) is a system that connects devices directly or indirectly to the internet. The device can work with remote control. One application of the IoT system on the watering system is able to provide an approach to the ease in the process of growth and development of plants. The research carried out was applied to an IoT-based smart plant watering device. The tool is supported with a soil moisture measuring sensor that acts as a benchmark to determine the condition of soil moisture and automatic control of the process of watering plants. The process of watering plants is scheduled in the morning and evening. Information, as long as the device is run will be displayed on the LCD and screen of an Android-based smartphone application. The data can be a comparison value to determine the suitability of soil moisture data in plants. The volume of water supplied in the watering process also affects the level of soil moisture. IoT-based smart plant sprinklers can automate watering by measuring the percentage of soil moisture as a benchmark for providing water during the watering process. Remote watering control can also be done on this tool by using a WiFi signal to the same access point that is connected to the smartphone client and microcontroller. Keyword: agriculture, automatic sprinklers, engineering, IoT

The current era witnesses the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), a transformative force giving rise to various technological innovations, most notably connected objects. This paradigm shift catalyzes the widespread adoption of autonomous decision-making systems, particularly in sectors like agriculture, where the aim is to amplify productivity. As a result of the agricultural domain, mushrooms have concurrently emerged as a significant component of daily diets, offering additional vitamins and flavor. Despite their popularity, cultivating mushrooms in open environments poses challenges in maintaining optimal environmental conditions, prompting numerous research efforts. Recognizing the inconsistencies in existing approaches to safeguard vital parameters in mushroom farms, this paper introduces an innovative system utilizing intelligent sensors whose real-time records are managed based on the fuzzy sets concept. These sensors, encompassing the Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor v1.2, DHT22 Sensor, Light Dependent Resistor (LDR sensor), and Passive Infrared Receiver (PIR sensor), collectively capture essential data for decision-making in mushroom farming. Employing fuzzy logic, the system addresses pivotal aspects such as substrate watering, environmental control, light management, and pest detection. Through experimental results, it becomes evident that the proposed system not only exemplifies the potential of IoT technologies in agriculture but also offers a comprehensive and efficient approach to real-time decision-making. By aggregating sensor data, the system proves instrumental in enhancing the quality and yield of mushroom crops, showcasing a promising trajectory for sustainable and technologically driven agricultural practices.

This scientific article examines the design and optimization of an automated irrigation system for an intelligent greenhouse using IoT (Internet of Things) technologies in the agricultural sector. The main objective of the study is to increase crop productivity by implementing a personalized and efficient irrigation process based on environmental and soil moisture parameters. The hardware component of the system is built on Arduino Uno and ESP8266 microcontrollers, utilizing DHT11, LDR, HC-SR04, and soil moisture sensors to collect real-time data. The obtained information is processed and visualized through the Blynk IoT platform, allowing for remote monitoring and control. Experimental results demonstrate that the system contributes to significant water conservation, improved energy efficiency, reduced human intervention, and stable crop growth conditions. The findings highlight the potential of IoT-based smart irrigation technologies to support agricultural digitalization, optimize greenhouse management, and enhance sustainable farming practices. This study provides a scientific foundation for further research on scalable intelligent irrigation architectures and their integration into modern agrotechnological systems.

The idea to connect everything to anything and at any point of time is what vaguely defines the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT is not only about providing connectivity but also facilitating interaction among these connected things. One of the most significant concerns of IoT is to provide security assurance for the data exchange because data is vulnerable to some attacks by the attackers at each layer of IoT. The IoT has a layered structure where each layer provides a service. The security needs vary from layer to layer as each layer serves a different purpose. This paper aims to analyze the various security and privacy threats related to IoT. Some attacks have been discussed along with some existing and proposed counter measures. In developing countries, IoT technologies have brought increased efficiency and effectiveness to existing processes. For instance, farmers are using remote sensors to monitor moisture levels and soil conditions in the fields to avoid crop failure. Similar sensors are providing remote control of micro-irrigation pumps for example in India and water pumps in Rwanda, improving functionality and reducing repair intervals. And in Haiti, healthcare professionals are using “smart” thermometers to better track vaccine delivery and storage. Totally the paper presents an overview of the enablement of IoT in developing countries and discusses the visions, general applications, opportunities and challenges of IoT in these countries. It also touches on issues relating to security, privacy, trust and the accompanied complexity. The potential applications for IoT are countless and can optimize processes with a direct impact on society. Certain challenges have to be addressed to make IoT deployment successful. It will be shown that some of the challenges can be turned into opportunities and that IoT has good chances to succeed in developing countries. This report explores the current use and potential of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in tackling global development challenges, highlighting a number of specific instances where IoT interventions are helping to solve some of the world’s most pressing issues it presents summary conclusions on what is required for the IoT to reach billions of people living in the developing world, and also to accelerate income growth and social development as a result.