Fuzzy PID Controlled DSTATCOM for Delivering Quality Power

ABSTRACTFuzzy logic control is the most common method utilized to tune proportional integral derivative (PID) controller parameters online. However, proportional integral derivative controllers often perform poorly in the control of nonlinear and/or complicated systems, such as direct current motors, where the model parameters are not exactly known if the scaling factors are not properly selected besides the membership function and rule sets in a fuzzy logic controller design. Finding the most suitable scaling factors for complex systems where the model parameters are not exactly known or nonlinear systems is a challenging task. Furthermore, traditional trial and error techniques of determining appropriate scaling factors are experience based, time consuming, and may not always provide optimal response. In this paper, a particle swarm optimization algorithm is suggested for optimizing the input and output gains of the fuzzy PID controller. The robustness and effectiveness of the suggested controller was validated using MATLAB/Simulink. The performance of the suggested controller is compared with the Ziegler Nichols and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm tuned PIDs, and fuzzy PID controllers. The simulation result show that the fuzzy PID controller whose scaling factor was tuned using particle swarm optimization outperforms the other controllers in avoiding disturbance and has a better trajectory tracking capability.

Fuzzy PID control is a process control technique combining the advantages of fuzzy logic and PID control. It maintains precise control over processes by combining fuzzy logic and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers. With this method, it is possible to achieve higher levels of accuracy and stability in controlling process variables such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, and position. This makes Fuzzy PID control an ideal cordial application requiring precise process control. Fuzzy PID control uses the PID parameter tuning experience to make the fuzzy controller automatically tune its parameters, giving PID control a better control effect. In this paper, a fuzzy PID controller is designed to control the temperature of an electric boiler. The control effects of PID control, fuzzy control, and fuzzy PID control are compared by simulation analysis. The simulation results show that the unclear PID control effect is ideal and has a good application prospect.

This paper investigates the integration of Fuzzy Logic with PID (Proportional, Integral, Derivative) controllers to enhance the performance of temperature control systems. Traditional PID controllers, widely used in various applications, often encounter difficulties with nonlinear, time-varying, and uncertain systems, resulting in performance issues like oscillations and overshoots. To mitigate these challenges, the adoption of Fuzzy PID control, which improves adaptability, robustness, and responsiveness by incorporating fuzzy logic into the control mechanism. The study involves simulations using Simulink to compare three distinct control models: conventional PID, standalone Fuzzy Control, and the hybrid Fuzzy PID Control across standardized control scenarios. Our results show that Fuzzy PID controllers significantly outperform traditional methods, especially in complex environments lacking precise mathematical modeling. The enhanced system response times and stability demonstrated by Fuzzy PID controllers suggest substantial potential for broader application across diverse industries, promising considerable improvements in operational efficiency and reliability.

Given the adverse impact and unnecessary costs associated with harmonic pollution in electrical power systems, such as increasing losses and decreasing life expectancy of equipment, development of new filtering techniques with higher quality of power, higher efficiency of transmission and distribution, and lower cost of filters is urgently required. This has become all the more important as society increasingly moves towards an environment filled with sophisticated electronic equipment and power-sensitive electrical machinery. The present work was conceived to provide a way forward towards the goal of improving Power Quality (PQ) by designing a new passive shunt filter based on minimizing the responsibility of the consumer for harmonic pollution, while simultaneously taking into account other relevant objective functions and related techno-economic considerations. Shunt passive filters are commonly found in power industries, where quality of power is paramount, in view of their simplicity of design, lower cost and their having possibly different range of frequency response characteristics that can satisfy a specific harmonic filtering needs. In addition, passive filters, in general, have two primary favourable features, they support reactive power to correct the load power factor and they mitigate harmonic distortion. This study favours passive filters while conceptualizing the research problem and formulating a proposed design. This thesis presents an optimal design of single-tuned passive filters that mm1m1zes consumer's responsibility for harmonic pollution. A solution for the allocation ofresponsibility between supplier and consumer has proved complex and elusive and it remains, therefore, absent. When, whoever takes whatever steps to contain the harmonic distortion, involves costs and expenditure, the situation inevitably leads to conflict between consumer and utility. In order to avoid this unwholesome state of affairs and introduce a degree of rationality and clarity, this study focuses on quantifying harmonic pollution responsibility by substantiating a new "NonLinearity Current Index" (NLCI) and presenting the mathematical modelling of the filter accordingly. The task of designing the filter, then, is posed as a quadratic optimization problem with nonlinear constraints, whose objective function includes the newly proposed NLCI, which will be minimized, as well as five other conventional objective functions that are most frequently used in the design of passive filters. The five objective functions are: i. maximization ofload power factor; ii. Minimization of the voltage total harmonic distortion; iii. minimization of the current total harmonic distortion; iv. minimization of transmission loss; and v. minimization of the filter investment cost. A suitable analytic framework is established, in which circuit analysis is made and relevant auxiliary mathematical expressions are derived for the system under study, followed by the filter design problem posed as an optimization question with the required objective functions and constraints. This thesis uses FORTRAN Feasible Sequential Quadratic Programming (FFSQP) to obtain the optimal values for the single-tuned shunt passive filter elements. The performance of the proposed index and the other five conventional objective functions is evaluated using six numerical 'benchmark' case studies to demonstrate the applicability, viability, validity and usefulness of the proposed harmonic passive filters. A rigorous and thorough comparison of the results of the design with and without compensation is included. As resonance is a critical design issue of passive filters, special care was taken, during the problem formulation, to avoid any risk of it in the compensated system. Care was also taken to meet capacitor loading specifications as given in IEEE Standard 18-2012 and practical constraints for the voltage total and individual harmonic distortion limits were followed in accordance with IEEE 519-2014 guidelines. The results of this study demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the optimization method, for the given objective functions, since improvements were seen in both power factor and displacement power factor in all the case studies as well as notable reductions in rms values of the line current which led to reduced transmission losses, voltage drop and increased transmission efficiency, to various degrees and in a variety of combinations. Incorporation of the newly designed passive filter resulted in a considerable reduction in NLCI, indicating increased linearity because of minimization of the difference between supply current rms and linear current m1s at the point of common coupling. Critical impedance values also improved, because of the greatly reduced m1s line current. The NLCI minimised passive filter design differentiates the contributions of the supplier and consumer to harmonic pollution in a given system, and, therefore, provides a valuable solution where currently there is none in the literature, reflected in the absence of recognised standards and methodologies in this area. The small size of the proposed filter, in comparison to many other published designs, entails considerably lower financial investment costs, which, combined with its effectiveness at reducing harmonic pollution makes it a very valuable contribution to power system design and installation.

Research on adaptive deformable mirror technology for voice coil actuators is an important trend in the development of large ground-based telescopes. A voice coil adaptive deformable mirror contains a large number of actuators, and there are problems with structural coupling and large temperature increases in their internal coils. Additionally, parameters of the traditional proportional integral derivative control cannot be adjusted in real-time to adapt to system changes. These problems can be addressed by introducing fuzzy control methods. A table lookup method is adopted to replace real-time calculations of the regular fuzzy controller during the control process, and a prototype platform has been established to verify the effectiveness and robustness of this process. Experimental tests compare the control performance of traditional and fuzzy proportional integral derivative controllers, showing that, in system step response tests, the fuzzy control system reduces rise time by 20.25%, decreases overshoot by 78.24%, and shortens settling time by 67.59%. In disturbance rejection experiments, fuzzy control achieves a 46.09% reduction in the maximum deviation, indicating stronger robustness. The fuzzy proportional integral derivative controller, based on table lookup, outperforms the standard controller significantly, showing excellent potential for enhancing the dynamic performance and disturbance rejection capability of the voice coil motor actuator system.

This paper pivoting on augmenting stability in generated voltage output from grid coupled wind power generation system. Wind power is available freely and in ample quantity on our planet. Due to sustainable nature of wind energy, it is most viable to harvest energy from natural wind in the form of electricity. For running the wind power generation system with higher voltage stability, effective controller is needed. An overview of global energy scenario is summarized with special attention on wind energy. Summary of various control strategies and maximum power point tracking methods are exhibited. Worldwide wind capacity plant installations and net zero emission strategy is presented in this paper. Static synchronous compensator with proportional integral derivative based controller is designed to increase the stability and reduce total harmonic distortion of the voltage output from wind power generation system. Comparative study between voltage waveforms obtained from wind energy with and without proportional integral derivative controller is displayed. The work in this paper proposed the design and implemented MATLAB simulink model of wind power generation system, static synchronous compensator and proportional integral derivative controller. For getting validity of the proposed controller, immense simulation analysis has been done. The obtained results exposed the utility of proposed work.

A fractional-order fuzzy proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is a controller that combines the benefits of fractional calculus and fuzzy logic with the conventional PID controller. In this paper, a four-stage optimization algorithm is proposed for the design of a Type-2 Fuzzy fractional-order PID controller based on the Fourier Series Method (FSM). Three distinct control structures are introduced: Type-2 fuzzy fractional PD + fractional PI controller, Type-2 fuzzy fractional PID, and Type-2 fuzzy fractional PD + Type-2 fuzzy fractional PI controller. In addition to a modified multi-performance criterion cost function, four integral performance criteria are employed as cost functions for each stage. The suggested algorithm avoids the utilization of the approximation equivalent for the fractional-order system and instead employs FSM. Furthermore, the approach optimizes the nonlinearity within the upper membership function (UMF) and the uncertainty range through the lower membership function, as opposed to arbitrary selection. By considering variations in the membership functions, the outcomes exhibit a superior response compared to previous investigations. The results of the three control structures are compared with the traditional PID controller, and simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of this technique. The findings suggest that by optimizing different integral performance criteria using this design technique, controllers for both integer and fractional-order plants can yield favorable step responses. The proposed algorithm is validated by comparing its step response performance with that of previous research, followed by a discussion on sensitivity analysis and computational requirements.

This paper focuses on the design of a fuzzy fractional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. The controller which is based on the conventional PID controller is modified to be P1–α I1–β D1–γ with the objective to make the controller more flexible and robust to the changes in input and the parameters. In this control structure, the fuzzy logic control acts as the tuner for the parameters α, β and γ, so that the overall controller parameter can be varied and converge better to the changes in a system. The designed fuzzy fractional PID controller is applied to a validated antilock braking system model using an electronic wedge brake system as the actuator. Numerous numerical simulations and comparisons with other fractional PID/conventional PID controllers show that the fuzzy fractional PID controller can not only ensure good control performance with respect to reference input but also improve the system robustness with respect to model uncertainties.

This work presents the development and implementation of four control configurations for photovoltaic inverter. These configurations are: Proportional Integral plus Resonant controller, Proportional Integral plus Repetitive controller, Proportional Integral-Proportional plus Resonant Controller and Two Degrees of Freedom plus Repetitive control with the aim of reducing the Total Harmonic Distortion in Voltage. These techniques are useful in island mode operation of an inverter when it is working as a voltage source in microgrid. In this operation mode, these control techniques are successfully applied when the inverter feeds linear and nonlinear loads. The purpose is to keep the output voltage waveform, frequency and amplitude according to the standard IEEE 519. It is use is justified because currently most of the loads have nonlinear characteristics which increase considerably the Total Harmonic Distortion in voltage. A comparative analysis derived from inverter simulations with nonlinear loads has been performed in order to validate those control techniques, considering that its application to feed line loads proves to be effective.

This paper aims to investigate the consequences of integration of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) on harmonic distortion in an industrial microgrid. BESS stores dc power with the aid of power electronic converters that generate significant harmonic currents and increase total harmonic distortion (THD) at the point of common coupling (PCC). A strategy is suggested in this paper to spot the foremost appropriate BESS positioning topology in terms of THD appearance between the two schemes (namely, clustered and shared). To tackle this concern, this paper considers the voltage distortion limits counseled in IEEE Standard 519™-2014 as a benchmark for comparing THD output. The IEEE 43 bus industrial test system is considered as sample microgrid which is subtly adapted to integrate PV generation and BESS and then simulated to check total voltage harmonic distortion (THDv) reactions. The results show that clustered placement of BESS unit at low voltage (LV) level offers less THDv and less quantity of passive shunt filters in comparison to its shared placement.

The escalating demand of reactive power consumption by the load in the grid connected system usually causes the following problems 1) Voltage sag and swell at the point of common coupling (PCC) 2) Harmonic distortion of the grid current 4) low power factor etc. More over, to meet the rising reactive power load demand, distributed generation (DG) is a viable option. For that, usually current regulated PWM voltage-source inverters (VSI) are used to inter face DG with utility grid in order to ensure the grid stability. In this paper, reactive power compensation for inverter interfaced DG system based on hysteresis with proportional integral (PI) controller is proposed along with independent control of active and reactive power of the grid. The hysteresis with PI controller can largely reduce the current harmonics at PCC considerably which ensures lower total harmonic distortion (THD) during reactive power load demand increases. The performance indices include THD of the grid current, fast current tracking during steady state and transient conditions. The studied system is modeled and simulated in the MATLAB Simulink environment. Further, an experimental work has been carried out in the laboratory set-up in the discrete-domain via TMS320F2812 digital signal processor (DSP) and we could find there is an effective validation with simulated results.

A fuzzy fractional-order proportional integral derivative (FFOPID) control scheme is proposed. In the recent years, the application of fractional calculus has been applied in science and engineering fields and proved to be a better. However, the use of fuzzy with fractional order control strategy for real-time control has not been studied greatly. In this proposed work an intelligent fuzzy fractional-order PID controller is designed and its performance is studied with a novel pressure regulating system model. To emphasize the advantages of proposed control scheme, the controller performances are investigated under load disturbances and changes in set-point conditions. A comparative study is also made with fractional order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) and classical PID control schemes. From the simulation results, the proposed control scheme outperforms other types of control scheme.

In guided missiles, the major function of a seeker is to track a target continuously. In target tracking process most seekers employ a gimbal system, usually a two-axis, on which a tracking device and a rate gyroscope are mounted. For such guided missiles, the stabilization of gimbal is essential for maintaining the tracking device directing towards the target. Various control methods have been developed for the gimbal stabilization to make the gimbal to respond faster for a rate command input so that the gimbal follows the rate input in the presence of disturbances. Here, a fuzzy self-tuning proportional, integral, derivative (PID) type controller based on parameters adaptive method is proposed for two-axis gimbal stabilization which can be applicable for most guided missiles. The controller gains in the proposed control technique are made of input and output scaling factors used in fuzzification and defuzzification processes. The scaling factors are tuned online based on the missile rotation rate and the gimbal rate response. The response of the gimbal in the stabilization loop with the proposed controller has been analyzed in MATLAB for various missile rotation rates and the simulation results are compared with a traditional PID controller. The results prove the efficiency of the proposed control method which gives a better and faster response with zero steady-state error than the traditional control method.

This paper proposes cooperative control of multiple active filters based on voltage detection and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) computation for improve power quality. The time changing of loads, shunt capacitors, faults or others occurs in real Electric Power Systems (EPS). This dynamic scenarios require a distributed control, which, more than one Active Power Line Conditioner (APLC) reduce, cooperatively, harmonics from all Points of Common Coupling (PCC)s in the EPS. The harmonic reduction should satisfy IEEE-519 norm, which regulated that the THD value should be under 5%.

This chapter introduces the basic ideas of proportional integral derivative (PID) control systems. There are four types of controllers that belong to the family of PID controllers: the proportional controller, the proportional plus integral controller, the proportional plus derivative controller and the PID controller. To understand the roles of the controllers, the chapter discusses each of the structures and the PID controller parameters. From the discussions, it establishes some basic knowledge about how to use these controllers in various applications. The chapter then discusses the classical tuning rules that have existed for the past several decades and have withstood the test of time. Next, it discusses the PID controller tuning rules that are derived based on a first order plus delay model. These tuning rules worked well in applications. Several examples are presented for evaluation of the tuning rules that are based on the first order plus delay model.