Game-Oriented Problem Exploration (GOPE) Model in Language Learning: A Teacher’s View

This study aims to develop an e-module based on the CinQASE learning model supported by Flip PDF Professional and evaluate its effectiveness in improving students' Individual Critical Thinking (InCT) and collaborative skills in Momentum and Impulse materials. This study employed an R&D approach based on the 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), comprising four main stages. In the Define stage, a needs analysis was conducted to identify the essential competencies and materials aligned with the curriculum and students' needs. The Design stage focused on designing the e-module structure, determining learning strategies, and compiling learning components, including worksheets and supporting media. The Develop stage included product development, validation by subject matter and media experts, and revisions based on feedback to ensure content quality and suitability. The Disseminate stage was conducted through limited and extensive trials to assess the practicality, readability, and effectiveness of e-modules in real-world learning contexts. Research instruments included expert validation sheets, student and teacher response questionnaires, collaborative activity observation sheets, and InCT tests to assess individual improvements in critical thinking skills. The results showed that the e-module had very high validity across construct, content, graphics, electronic media, materials, presentation, and language, and was considered practical and easy to use by both students and teachers. N-Gain analysis indicated a significant increase in all InCT indicators, from the moderate category in limited tests (0.40–0.45) to the high category in extensive tests (0.68–0.74). Collaborative activities through CinQASE indicator-based worksheets proved effective in encouraging active participation, critical discussion, and peer evaluation. These findings indicate that CinQASE-based e-modules supported by Flip PDF Professional serve as effective interactive learning media for improving students' critical and collaborative thinking skills, while also providing an engaging, flexible, and accessible learning tool for both teachers and students. Keywords: CinQASE, e-modul, Flip PDF, critical thinking skills, collaborative abilities, momentum, and impulse.

Students should be given the opportunity to be actively involved in learning, for them to be able to construct their knowledge through critical thinking and developing collaboration by working together. Through STEM-PjBL-based Science and Social learning, students are involved in contextual learning and students are encouraged to learn to explore all their abilities. This study aims to determine the effect of STEM-PjBL-based Science and Social learning on critical thinking and collaboration skills of grade 6 students of SD Negeri 3 Plumbungan for the academic year 2022/2023. This research was conducted at SD Negeri 3 Plumbungan, Pagentan District, Banjarnegara Regency. This study uses a quantitative research approach, with associative research types (relationships), and uses quantitative analysis methods (numerical data). Data on critical thinking and collaborative thinking skills were collected through observation using assessment instruments in the form of rubrics. 6 students are used as the sample in this study. The research data were processed using a simple linear regression test with results for the effect of STEM-PjBL-based Science and Social learning on critical thinking skills tcount = 3,600 and ttable = 2,776, meaning tcount > ttable. For the effect of STEM-PjBL-based science learning on collaboration skills, tcount = 3.331 and ttabel = 2.776, means tcount > ttable. Based on the results of this study, it shows that there is an influence of STEM-PjBL-based Science and Social learning on critical thinking and collaboration skills of grade 6 students of SD Negeri 3 Plumbungan for the academic year 2022/2023. This research provides insight into the importance of STEM-PjBL-based Science and Social learning to improve 21st century skills, especially critical thinking, and collaboration of learners.

Students need critical thinking, creativity, communication and collaboration skills to face and adapt to social change, so that students can survive and compete well in social life. The aim of the research is to describe the critical thinking, collaboration, communication and creativity skills of high school students in biology learning. The research was carried out in August-September 2023. The research population was high school students in Magetan Regency. The research sampling technique was cluster sampling and the research sample was 539 high school class students. Data collection techniques used questionnaires on critical thinking skills, communication, collaboration and creativity. This research instrument is a questionnaire in the form of a questionnaire with 5 Likert scales. Quantitative descriptive research data analysis techniques. The research results show that high school students' critical thinking and creativity skills are in the medium and low categories compared to communication and collaboration skills. The results of the research can be used as a reflection for teachers or future researchers as a follow-up to empower students' critical thinking, communication, collaboration and creativity skills in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum.

In 21st-century learning, students are required to develop critical thinking and collaboration skills. Project-Based Learning (PjBL) integrated with gamification is considered a potential approach to support these competencies. This study aimed to examine the effect of gamification-assisted PjBL on Grade X students’ critical thinking and collaboration skills in the biodiversity topic at SMAN 21 Medan. The study employed a quasi-experimental method using a Non-Equivalent Control Group design, involving class X5 as the experimental group and class X7 as the control group selected through random sampling. Critical thinking skills were measured using ten essay questions representing five indicators, while collaboration skills were assessed through an observation sheet based on four indicators. The results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. The t-test analysis of critical thinking skills yielded a significance value of 0.016 (< 0.05), with the experimental group achieving a higher posttest mean score (75.25) than the control group (61.60). Similarly, collaboration skills showed a significant difference with a significance value of < 0.001. These findings indicate that gamification-assisted PjBL has a positive effect on improving students’ critical thinking and collaboration skills compared to PjBL without gamification. Therefore, it is recommended that biology teachers integrate gamification elements such as points, badges, and challenges into project-based learning to enhance students’ critical thinking and collaboration skills.

Critical thinking and collaboration skills are fundamental skills that must be owned by teachers in the 21st- century. Critical thinking skills make teachers more sensitive and critical of the teaching and learning process so the teachers can continue to improve the quality of their learning. Improving the learning process will be maximized if a teacher collaborates with other teachers to design improvements in the teaching and learning process. The development of critical thinking and collaboration skills will be maximized if they realize the importance of having these skills. The purpose of this paper is to outline the opinions of prospective teacher students about how important the development of critical thinking and collaboration skills for prospective teacher- students. The method of this research was descriptive and literature study. Data retrieval was carried out through questionnaires that were given to 224 prospective teacher students at Universitas Negeri Malang. The questionnaire was filled out by 63 postgraduate and 161 undergraduate students. The purpose of the questionnaire was to find out the opinions of prospective teacher students about how important the development of critical thinking and collaboration skills is. Analysis of the data was carried out using qualitative analysis techniques. The results of the questionnaire showed that all prospective teacher-students agree that the development of critical thinking and collaboration skills is important, especially for prospective teacher-students. These results indicate the need for developing critical thinking and collaboration skills for prospective teacher-students through various models/methods/strategies in learning.

Collaborative skill is needed in 21st century era. However, there is an indication that the learning model has not been able to improve the collaborative skill. This research was intended to analyze the implementation of Student Team Achievement Division (STAD)-based learning instruments and its effect on the students’ collaborative skill in solving the problems of addition and subtraction. A mixed research model was used in this research. The triangulation design which combined both quantitative and qualitative researches. As many as 28 students of class 3A were targeted as the control class and 28 students of class 3B as the experimental one. The data was collected by filling out questionnaire, observation, validation sheet, test, documentation as well as pretest and posttest. The results revealed that the percentage of students’ collaborative thinking skills in the control class after being implemented by STAD-based learning instruments covered of 57% of cooperation, 62% of responsibility, 60% of compromise, 59% of communication and 65% of flexibility. Whilst, the experimental class got better than the control class as it consisted of 83% of cooperation, 79% of responsibility, 76% of compromise, 80% of communication and 78% of flexibility. The scores obtained from independent sample t-test of post-test showed that there was a significant difference between the control class and the experimental class with a sig (2-tailed) value of 0.003 (p = <0.05). It can be concluded that the implementation of STAD-based learning instruments was able to improve the collaborative abilities of elementary school students in solving the addition and subtraction problems.

The use of problem based learning (PBL) to improve critical thinking skills and Indonesian language skills, to improve students' critical thinking skills, problem based learning (PBL) is the right learning model to use. The purpose of problem-based learning is to find out how problem-based learning can help students in improving their critical thinking and language skills. The subject in this study focuses on how students' Indonesian language skills. Data collection techniques are done by observation and finding references from various research journals. The research method used in this study is quantitative method, quantitative research to try to find out how effective PBL is in improving certain skills, such as critical thinking and Indonesian language skills. PBL model can serve as a useful tool to improve students' critical thinking and Indonesian language skills.

Education is a basic need for human beings today the world of education is expected to be challenged to be able to produce individuals who can meet global demands. This study aims to describe students' critical thinking skills in mathematics learning with the Problem Based Learning model. The method used in this study is the SRL (Systematic Literatul Review) method. SRL is carried out by the researcher by identifying, reviewing, evaluating and interpreting all available research. The results of the study show that the Problem Based Learning learning model used can hone students' critical thinking skills, after using the Problem Based Learning learning model, students can have diverse critical thinking skills. The positive impact of PBL on students' critical thinking skills includes improving the ability to identify problems, collect and analyze information, and formulate appropriate solutions. In addition, PBL can also increase students' motivation to learn and promote collaboration and communication skills in the context of mathematics learning.

Abstract: This study aims to determine the relationship between the implementation of the Project Based Learning (PBL) learning model and the descriptive text writing skills of class IX G students of SMP Negeri 1 Simpang Hulu, Ketapang Regency. The background of this study is based on the low writing skills of students, especially in writing descriptive texts that require creative thinking skills, language mastery, and structural accuracy. The Project Based Learning model was chosen because it is considered capable of increasing active student involvement, fostering a sense of responsibility, and developing critical and creative thinking skills through project-based learning activities. The method used is correlational research with a quantitative approach. The study population included all class IX students of SMP Negeri 1 Simpang Hulu, and the sample was determined by simple random sampling, namely class IX G, which consisted of 31 students. Data were collected through a questionnaire to measure the level of PBL implementation and a writing test to assess descriptive text writing skills. Data analysis was carried out using normality and linearity tests using statistical software. The results showed that the implementation of the PBL learning model was in the high category with an average value of 3.66 on a scale of 1–4. Students' descriptive text writing skills were also classified as good to very good, with scores ranging from 75 to 90. The linearity test showed a significance value of p = 0.000 (&lt;0.05), indicating a significant linear relationship between the implementation of PBL and descriptive text writing skills. The Deviation from Linearity value of 0.372 (&gt;0.05) indicates that the relationship is consistent and does not deviate from the linear pattern. Therefore, it can be concluded that the better the implementation of the Project-Based Learning model, the higher the students' descriptive text writing skills. This model is effective in creating an active, collaborative, and meaningful learning environment, while simultaneously enhancing students' critical thinking skills and creativity in Indonesian language learning. Keywords: Project-Based Learning, Writing, Descriptive Text, Indonesian Language Learning

This study aims to develop an electronic (e)-student worksheet integrated with the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model and to enhance the critical thinking and collaboration skills of Grade X high school students in biotechnology learning based on the local potential of the Nglanggeran Ancient Volcano Orchid. Employing a Research and Development (R and D) approach, the research used the ADDIE model consisting of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation in the product development process. The e-student worksheet was created digitally using Canva and included multimedia elements to increase student engagement. The study involved a limited trial with 15 students and a field trial with 70 students divided into experimental and control groups. Data collection methods included interviews, questionnaires, and pretest-posttest essay-based assessments. Instrument validation showed all items were valid and reliable, with a Cronbach’s Alpha score of 0.843. The results revealed moderate improvement in students’ critical thinking skills with an N gain of 0.67 and collaboration skills with an N gain of 0.61 in the experimental group. These findings indicate that the experimental group outperformed the control group, validating that the contextualized PjBL approach effectively facilitates deeper cognitive processing and reinforces interpersonal skills compared to conventional methods. Statistical analysis using MANOVA confirmed significant differences between the two groups with Wilks’ Lambda value of 0.006 and p value less than 0.001. Expert and user feedback indicated the product was practical, accessible, and contextually relevant.

The low critical thinking skills and collaboration skills of students in biology learning are caused by the dominance of conventional learning, so they require alternative learning strategies. This study aims to determine the effect of GITTW learning strategy on student critical thinking and collaboration skills. The research design used was quasi-experiment with a pre-test and post-test control group design. The class X of Science-2 and of Science-3 SMA Negeri 01 Paciran became sample (N=72), with details; the control class and treatment class consisting of 36 students. Data collection critical thinking skills using easy test before and after treatment with Facione rubric developed and data collaborative skills using observation sheet assessment rubric developed by Suharti. Data were analyzed descriptively and statistically through normality test, Wilcoxon test with =0.05, and N-gain test. The results showed that the GITTW learning strategy had an effective effect, and can be applied by the teacher as an alternative learning strategy.

The research aimed to (1) analyzes the effects of model project-based learning approach on STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematic) on science learning to junior high school student’s critical thinking skills and cooperative skills, and (2) analyze how the effects of model project-based learning approach on STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematic) on science learning to junior high school student’s critical thinking skills and cooperative skills. The research was quasi-experimental with a non-equivalent control group design. The population was eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Berbah. The sample of the study was selected with cluster random sampling techniques and obtained grade-VIII B as an experimental class and grade-VIII C as a control class. Learning in the experimental class with a project-based learning model was STEM-oriented and the control class used a scientific approach. The data were pretest and posttest of critical thinking and observation sheets of cooperation. The analysis used the normality test, homogeneity test, MANOVA test, and effect size. The results showed that (1) there was an effect of project based learning model on STEM approach on critical thinking skills and cooperative skills of students of SMP Negeri 1 Berbah, (2) the effect of science learning project based learning model on STEM approach on critical thinking and collaborative skill was on medium category.

Students' critical thinking skills are still relatively low, despite the importance of these skills in facing the challenges of the 21st century. This study aims to explore the effect of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on enhancing students' critical thinking skills, considering the level of interpersonal intelligence. The research uses a posttest-only treatment by level (2 x 2) design, with the dependent variable being critical thinking skills, and the independent variables including the learning model (PBL and conventional) and interpersonal intelligence (high and low). The sample consists of 144 eighth-grade students from two public junior high schools in West Jakarta, selected using cluster random sampling technique. The results show that students taught with the PBL model exhibited better critical thinking skills than those taught with the conventional model. Furthermore, students with high interpersonal intelligence demonstrated superior critical thinking skills compared to those with low interpersonal intelligence. The study also identifies a significant interaction between the learning model and interpersonal intelligence, where students with high interpersonal intelligence who received PBL instruction showed the best critical thinking outcomes. In conclusion, the PBL model has been proven to significantly improve critical thinking skills, especially in students with high interpersonal intelligence. These findings provide guidance for educators to consider students' characteristics when selecting the appropriate teaching model to support the development of their critical thinking skills.

The aim of this study was to know the effectiveness of the ICARE learning model in improving students' critical thinking skills and collaboration skills. The type of research conducted in this research was classroom action research. In this study, there were three stages of data collection namely planning, implementation and data analysis which were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The research instrument used was a critical thinking skill test in essay form, an observation sheet for teacher and student activities in learning, a teacher ability observation sheet, a student response sheet and an observation sheet for students’ collaboration skills. The result showed that ICARE learning model was effective in improving students' critical thinking skills and collaboration skills. The result of students' responses to the ICARE learning model were also very positive. This positive response showed that students were very enthusiastic about the learning presented and make it easier for students to understand the material.

This study is a preliminary study in the process of developing the Collaborative in Questioning, Analyzing, Synthesizing and Evaluating (CinQASE) learning model in improving individual critical thinking skills (InCT) and collaborative critical thinking skills (CCT). Research methods in developing this model include needs analysis, literature review, and field survey in the form of descriptive analysis. The results show that this innovation can survive as a theoretical basis for developing the CinQASE learning model. This is the basis for continuous research related to the development of learning models for learning physics in schools. The syntax of the CINQASE learning model includes (1) Orientation problem, (2) Individual Work, (3) Collaborative Thinking Teamwork, (4) Discussion Class, (5) Evaluation and Feedback. The implications of the CinQASE learning model make it one of the learning models that can improve individual critical thinking skills (InCT) and collaborative critical thinking skills (CCT).