GBUS - Route GeoTracer

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is the emerging transportation which comprises of the advanced technologies such as wireless communications, video vehicle detection, distributed system architectures, human machine interface, sensing and actuating, to improve safety of the passengers, traffic congestion, fuel consumption and optimize other services of the transportation system such as real time traffic situation, electronic toll collection, automatic road enforcement and hot lanes. The current ITS systems lacks self-adaptive capability to take spontaneous decisions. The environment of the ITS system is very complex so optimal decisions cannot be taken but a good enough decision can be taken which fulfills the requirement of the system. To build an ITS system having the capability to adapt itself, this paper presents the self-adaptive requirements for the ITS. To elicit the requirements for ITS, we use scenarios based model and goal based model using the requirements Engineering processes (Elicitation, Elaboration, Specification, Validation) with MAPE-K. We use Knowledge Acquisition on Automated Specification (KAOS) approach to build goal model using Objectiver tool, and use RELAX syntax to elicit adaptive requirements for ITS.

The applications of wireless sensor network in urban intelligent transportation system (ITS) were lucubrated, and an ARM9 SoC (system-on-chip) embedded sensor node was developed for urban traffic information collection and data transmission and reception. Together with the appropriate software programmed and intelligent control model for the urban traffic system built, the real time traffic data could be collected and processed for information distribution, and macro and scale coordination for ITS control within a city range through wireless sensor network that consists of this newly designed sensor nodes. Related algorithm for calculating the space occupancy and the congestion expectation for ITS purpose is presented, and the vehicle speed model is illustrated. Simulation results show that this novel ITS system based on the newly designed SoC embedded sensor nodes is practical and feasible. In addition, this system is also characterized at higher cost-performance, flexibility and control efficiency comparing to those ITS systems based on the Global Position Systems.

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) are built considering numerous legal regulations, organisational conditions, and user needs. For this reason, they cannot be sold as plug a play products and their implementation requires a clear definition of functional and technical requirements. The primary objective of ITSs is to improve the efficiency and safety of road traffic. In fact, nowadays, the number of motorways all over Europe is increasing. The road freight transport is also growing. These are one of some reasons of caused accidents. Solution to this problem may be implementation of ITS systems. But, a reliable work of them is possible when their reliability is at a very high level. The aim of this paper is to present a new model of reliability and operation analysis of the selected ITS system which include continuous provision of power to its elements. The article also contains a logical, functional and physical viewpoint of selected ITS system.

Quantum entanglement and self-attention neural networks: An investigation into passengers and stops characteristics for optimal bus stop localization

Public bus service is an essential transport in major cities. This service makes it easier for passengers to move from one place to another place. The aim of this research is to allocate new potential bus stop locations in Shah Alam. The purpose is to use the AHP calculation method to find the average priorities weightage value of the criteria and sub criteria used in this research. The applying of GIS to process the data calculated from the AHP will identify which criteria is preferred over each other to locate new bus stop locations. The methodology in this research is divided into four phases which is preliminary work, data acquisition, data processing, and data analysis. Software used in this research for data processing is ArcGIS Pro. How strategic is the locations of the bus stop according to the population? The rising of urbanization has led to increasing in population density; hence the location, functionality, safety, and visual appearance of bus stop are crucial. Therefore, this research is focused on allocating of new potential bus stop locations that has been identified through the GIS geoprocessing tools.

Low-vision and blind bus riders often rely on known physical landmarks to help locate and verify bus stop locations (e.g., by searching for an expected shelter, bench, or newspaper bin). However, there are currently few, if any, methods to determine this information a priori via computational tools or services. In this article, we introduce and evaluate a new scalable method for collecting bus stop location and landmark descriptions by combining online crowdsourcing and Google Street View (GSV). We conduct and report on three studies: (i) a formative interview study of 18 people with visual impairments to inform the design of our crowdsourcing tool, (ii) a comparative study examining differences between physical bus stop audit data and audits conducted virtually with GSV, and (iii) an online study of 153 crowd workers on Amazon Mechanical Turk to examine the feasibility of crowdsourcing bus stop audits using our custom tool with GSV. Our findings reemphasize the importance of landmarks in nonvisual navigation, demonstrate that GSV is a viable bus stop audit dataset, and show that minimally trained crowd workers can find and identify bus stop landmarks with 82.5% accuracy across 150 bus stop locations (87.3% with simple quality control).

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have developed rapidly over the last three years in Korea. This has been driven largely by rapid development of information processing, communication, and vehicle technology, combined with ever-increasing congestion on the urban streets. This is every reason to believe that ITS will be most heavily deployed in metropolitan cities of Korea, where important safety and congestion benefits. ITS is being developed as a national program to cope with diverse traffic problems in Korea. The Korea government plans to spend 1% of the total transport expenditure on research and development of ITS over the next 5 years, reaching 100-200 million US$ annually. It is suggested that the benefits of ITS systems are substantial, but that failure to address a number of important institutional issues is one major reason for failure this system to live up to expectations, at least thus far. This paper examines the institutional issues that affect the implementation of ITS in Korea. In this paper, the definition and components of ITS are explained, and the recent developments of this system are discussed. The institutional issues on ITS implementation are identified on an extensive literature review.

Comprised of a broad range of diverse technologies, including information processing, communications, control, and electronics, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) were first introduced as a means to solve the conflict between constantly increasing travel demand and insufficient transportation infrastructure. However, the impact of ITS on road safety was soon realized, and it became one of the major purposes of some ITS systems instead of only a side product. This paper summarizes the impacts of ITS technologies on road safety and the challenges of ITS safety evaluation. Based on the evaluation of collected ITS benefits information, this paper concludes that a variety of ITS technologies have the potential to make a substantial contribution to road safety and thereby have a substantial positive economic impact in the United States.

Recent catastrophic bridge failures clearly indicate the urgent need for improving interval-based bridge inspection procedures that are qualitative and subjective in nature. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) can mitigate the deficiencies of interval-based inspection techniques and provide real-time diagnostic information regarding the bridge structural health. SHM is not flawless however; the variability in the vehicle characteristics and traffic operational conditions makes it prone to false diagnosis. Recent advancements in the integration of SHM with intelligent transportation systems (ITS) demonstrate the successful use of ITS devices (e.g., traffic cameras, traffic detectors) in the analysis of bridge responses to multimodal traffic with varying loads or during the critical events that cause excess vibration beyond the normal limit. In an ITS-informed SHM system, the ITS device collected data can be integrated with SHM to increase the reliability and accuracy of the SHM system. This integration would reduce the possibility of false diagnosis of damages detected by the SHM system (e.g., vibrations caused by heavy vehicles on a bridge could be read by a SHM sensor as a structural health problem of the bridge), which would eventually decrease the bridge maintenance costs. Similarly, in SHM-informed ITS system, SHM sensors can provide data on bridge health condition for ITS applications, where ITS uses this bridge health condition information for real-time traffic management. In this paper, literature related to both ITS-informed SHM and SHM-informed ITS is reviewed. Based on the literature review, potential challenges and future research directions associated with ITS-SHM integration are also discussed.

Feeder buses provide a small but important part of the public transport system by carrying people between residential areas and transport interchanges. A feeder bus to a train station planned in advance will attract new residents of a housing development to use the bus. The bus route can influence the location choice of a buyer concerned about access for children, the elderly or anyone not wishing to drive a car. Our bus route modelling starts with the bus stops – not the route – to be reached from each dwelling by the shortest possible walk. In demand terms, people locating close to bus stops are more likely to use the service than those choosing more distant locations, and the nearby residences have higher values. The stops-first application determines a feeder bus route to enhance an irregular residential plan covering an area of one square kilometre. The planned road and housing lot locations provide the data for calculating the access measure from each dwelling to each potential bus stop, the closest stop being used. A genetic algorithm tests potential bus stops to find demand maximizing locations, the propensity to use the bus being formulated as an exponential (increasing elasticity) function of walking distance. Then a ‘travelling salesman’ genetic algorithm finds the shortest route linking the stops, so that an efficient circuit route is generated for each alternative number of bus stops, ranging from 7 to 11. More stops not only give better access but also increase the route length, so that total accessibility must be assessed against route length. The distribution of walking distances shows most between 150 and 240 metres, with none more than 400 metres. The results indicate that planning policy should require prior design of a bus route to achieve good walking accessibility, so that residents become accustomed to the convenience of using the bus. This study shows that, at the planning stage, estimating a bi-objective model giving a Pareto front between accessibility and route length can reveal a policy compromise that shortens the route with little reduction in expected patronage.

Students, tourists and citizens are often confused by bus lines and timetables or get tired of running to catch their bus or looking for bus stops. This paper describes the mobile application that conveniently provides information about city bus lines. For a selected line, it can gives an overview of timetables, bus stop locations and estimated departures. It also calculates the shortest route from user location to a certain bus stop and can navigate the user to that bus stop. The prototype application is made for local bus lines in Rijeka.

Backbone Technologies for the Exchange of Traffic and Travel Information

Nowadays the quantity of vehicles in the Lithuanian cities is growing very fast. Loading on street intersections, traffic jams, wasting fuel and air pollution is increasing also. One of the ways to solve these problems is creating Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and efficiency increasement of these systems. Quality parameters for ITS systems are: efficiency of data collecting system, volume and effectiveness of control system, adaptive and efficiency of algorithms. To project optimal and effective ITS systems structure, subsystems, installation and control places it is very important to evaluate efficiency for these systems. In this article we can find one of the possible ways for rating transport streams data collecting systems. After experiment (expert interrogatory method) results showed that video surveillance and digital analyzing of video signal is most efficient traffic flows data collecting technology used to control traffic flows and road intersections. Also in the article we can find efficiency evaluating methods for: video cameras, dislocation video cameras for road section and for data collection system. Ill. 6, bibl. 7 (in Lithuanian; summaries in Lithuanian, English and Russian).

This study primarily aims to evaluate the affordability of Batik Solo Trans (BST) bus stops to school locations within Solo City and to develop a strategic placement plan for enhancing student accessibility throughout the city. The criteria for optimal placement adhere to the Minister of Public Works Regulations, which dictate that bus stops should be within a 400-meter radius or a 10-minute travel time for pedestrians. The research employs a comprehensive methodology, including a census of existing BST bus stops and high schools in Solo City. Using ArcGIS 10.2, we employ Buffer Proximity Analysis and Network Analysis to identify potential new bus stop sites, followed by quantitative and descriptive analysis of the results. The study’s findings reveal that BST bus stop accessibility to high schools in Solo City stands at an impressive 94%, with 350 out of 175 high schools having convenient access to 165 BST bus stop locations. In order to address accessibility gaps, the research suggests integrating 16 additional bus stops, especially at notable high school locations such as SMP Muhammadiyah PK Campus II, SMPN 18 Surakarta, and MAN 1 Surakarta. The proposed strategy aims to achieve full coverage with enhanced accessibility, visualized through cartographic representation.

With the use of technologies, ‘cities’ are able to control everything from traffic lights to the distribution of water in the city, traffic, environment, social actions, health, education, urban planning, security, and public administration, are some of the main areas of activity. The implementation of technology also brings other concerns such as data security and vulnerability and the privacy of individuals. The evolution of intelligent transport systems (ITS) has been accelerated, multifaceted, and often based on the technological advances considered revolutionary for the Urban Mobility sector. Recently, the widespread use of ITS in the operation and management of urban mobility is part of everyday life. Numerous tools are now available for a variety of contexts and scales, with applications that directly impact both locally and globally. This dissertation seeks to analyze the security risk within smart cities. It addresses the theme of what are intelligent transport systems and what are the main solutions to ensure the safety of these systems. To this end, is performed an analysis and classification of ITS threats. With the help of the NS-3 network simulator to model, the ITS communications architecture and the Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) traffic simulator an urban road area scenario was generated. Finally, lessons learned and future research challenges to improve the security of ITS systems are presented.KeywordsSmart citySafetyPrivacyDataInfrastructuresMobilityInternet of Things (IoT)Traffic controlE-GovernanceCybersecurityHackers