Gender matters: the importance of gender to settlements at the edge of the Nordic Arctic

Settlements at the Edge examines the evolution, characteristics, functions and shifting economic basis of settlements in sparsely populated areas of developed nations. With a focus on demographic change, the book features theoretical and applied cases which explore the interface between demography, economy, well-being and the environment. This book offers a comprehensive and insightful knowledge base for understanding the role of population in shaping the development and histories of northern sparsely populated areas of developed nations including Alaska (USA), Australia, Canada, Greenland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Finland and other nations with territories within the Arctic Circle.

Nursing excellence is usually defined in terms of having and applying more and more knowledge, especially from nursing science--the more nurses know, the better their practice. This conceptualization of nursing practice has similarities with the ancient Greek mode of reasoning called techne but cannot adequately deal with the ambiguities of everyday nursing. Nursing excellence does occur, however, with phronetic, ontological practice in which a nurse's morals, habits, and dispositions guide practice. Of course, nurses need a comprehensive knowledge and skill base, but phronetic nurses negotiate the "rough ground" of nursing practice because ontological dispositions are guiding practice rather than simply applying generalizable and communal knowledge from nursing science. Techne-ical practice leads to competent nursing, but only phronetic practice results in nursing excellence. Included in this article is a description of techne-ical practice, its limitations for nursing excellence, and rationale for adopting a phronetic conceptualization of nursing practice.

This chapter discusses the role that research should play in the current discussions about the role of technology in educational development, with particular reference to small developing states. It shows that often decisions about technology use in education are far from being based on evidence and suggests that this is due partly to the absence of a rigorous knowledge base but also of an appropriate research agenda. No doubt, research has a role to play investigating further the role that technology solutions play in improving the quality of education. But the right research questions must be asked. This chapter addresses two questions. First, it looks at what is currently known and the limitations of the existing knowledge base about how technology can contribute to improving learning – recognizing the paradox that developing countries, which make comparatively bigger efforts in this domain, lag also in terms of knowledge base. The question is therefore whether research has missed the point and failed to build a comprehensive, coherent and useful knowledge base. Second, the chapter considers both what elements are missing and how the important research challenges required to assemble them could be met.

Services and prevention: pharmacoepidemiology of antidepressant use

In order to reduce the impact on complex information, a comprehensive knowledge base is of great urgency to be constructed and the knowledge needs to be hosted on the question-answering robot. A new kind of knowledge base - Association Map is constructed, which is based on human's association of entities and associate related entities. And this paper shows the application of the knowledge base in knowledge retrieval and reasoning of question-answering robot.

The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that the proportion of the elderly will soon include nearly a quarter of the world population. Ensuring that health systems are prepared to deal with this phenomenal rate of aging and associated diseases generates many challenges. Among these challenges is facing Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) that may occur at some point in the elderly life and may harm societies. AD is considered a neurological, psychological, mental, and health setback. The Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) can improve patient care and support many medical functions, such as diagnosing diseases that can reduce preventable harm. This research’s main objective is to design, implement, and evaluate the Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis Ontology (ADDO). It is a comprehensive semantic knowledge base toward the development of fuzzy ontology-based CDSS for AD diagnosis. ADDO can serve as a core component of CDSS, which provides representation, annotation, and access to aspects related to AD’s study and diagnosis. Toward the management of this objective, ADDO is based on the essentials of the Open Biomedical Ontology (OBO) and follows the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) and the Ontology for General Medical Sciences (OGMS) principles. ADDO focuses on representing the patient characteristics, complications, drugs, diagnosis examination tests, and key aspects of their periodic visits in a standard way. The possibility of semantic interoperability is taken into account by integrating ADDO and a heterogeneous AD dataset. We used ADNI as a case study to mapping a set of real instances. To manage the medical domain’s uncertainty, ADDO is extended to fuzzy ontology to accommodate the medical linguistic variables and enhance diagnosis results’ efficiency. ADDO is constructed using Protege 5.5.0 software and evaluated using the HermiT reasoner and SPARQL semantic queries. ADDO currently includes 7060 concepts, 99 properties, 46274 axioms, and 30708 annotations. As a result, ADDO is consistent and more reliable in managing most AD aspects than other existing AD ontologies.

A group of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals present lingering symptoms, defined as long COVID (LC), that may last months or years post the onset of acute disease. A portion of LC patients have symptoms similar to myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), which results in a substantial reduction in their quality of life. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of LC, in particular, ME/CFS is urgently needed. We identified and studied metabolites and soluble biomarkers in plasma from LC individuals mainly exhibiting ME/CFS compared to age-sex-matched recovered individuals (R) without LC, acute COVID-19 patients (A), and to SARS-CoV-2 unexposed healthy individuals (HC). Through these analyses, we identified alterations in several metabolomic pathways in LC vs other groups. Plasma metabolomics analysis showed that LC differed from the R and HC groups. Of note, the R group also exhibited a different metabolomic profile than HC. Moreover, we observed a significant elevation in the plasma pro-inflammatory biomarkers (e.g. IL-1α, IL-6, TNF-α, Flt-1, and sCD14) but the reduction in ATP in LC patients. Our results demonstrate that LC patients exhibit persistent metabolomic abnormalities 12 months after the acute COVID-19 disease. Of note, such metabolomic alterations can be observed in the R group 12 months after the acute disease. Hence, the metabolomic recovery period for infected individuals with SARS-CoV-2 might be long-lasting. In particular, we found a significant reduction in sarcosine and serine concentrations in LC patients, which was inversely correlated with depression, anxiety, and cognitive dysfunction scores. Our study findings provide a comprehensive metabolomic knowledge base and other soluble biomarkers for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of LC and suggests sarcosine and serine supplementations might have potential therapeutic implications in LC patients. Finally, our study reveals that LC disproportionally affects females more than males, as evidenced by nearly 70% of our LC patients being female.

Analysing progress of sustainable development goal 6 in India: Past, present, and future

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is often described as a knowledge‐intensive approach to invertebrate pest management, requiring information on the biology, ecology and phenology of a pest combined with an understanding of the interactions between crop growth and pests and between pests and their natural enemies. We conducted a systematic quantitative literature review to summarise what is known about pest and natural enemy species common to Australian grain production systems, based on 1513 published and unpublished research studies. Drawing on this information, we address three issues: what are the knowledge gaps in relation to grain pests and their natural enemies, do these knowledge gaps limit the development of an IPM package for grain growers in Australia and what further ecological or biological information might growers require to enhance the use of IPM approaches for managing pests? The main gaps identified include a lack of understanding around specific factors that lead to pest outbreaks or factors that could be useful for predicting when and where pest outbreaks will occur in the future. Monitoring techniques for many pests are not well developed, and therefore, it is difficult to link the density recorded in a field with crop damage and yield loss and to develop economic thresholds that can be linked with intervention decisions. For most natural enemies, the impact in terms of reduction in pest numbers has not been quantified, with very few studies including both pests and natural enemies together. There is large variability in the level of control provided by natural enemies between years and regions, and the factors leading to this variability are not well understood. Finally, the lack of taxonomic resolution for individual species within groups is identified as a critical knowledge gap. We suggest that a more comprehensive fundamental knowledge base is required across the invertebrate community in grain systems aimed at reducing insect pest outbreaks, combined with a greater depth of understanding in monitoring strategies for pests that contribute to pesticide‐use decisions.

In September, 1996, Brown University School of Medicine inaugurated a new competency-based curriculum, known as MD2000, which defines a comprehensive set of competency requirements that all graduates are expected to attain. The medical students entering in 1996 and thereafter are required to demonstrate mastery in nine abilities as well as a comprehensive knowledge base as a requirement for graduation. Faculty use performance-based methods to determine if students have attained competence. We describe in this article the reasons why we developed the new curriculum, how we planned and structured it, and the significance we anticipate the curricular innovation will have on medical education.

Product-related information can be found in various data sources and formats across the product lifecycle. Effectively exploiting this information requires the federation of these sources, the extraction of implicit information, and the efficient access to this comprehensive knowledge base. Existing solutions for product information management (PIM) are usually restricted to structured information, but most of the business-critical information resides in unstructured documents. We present a generic architecture for federating heterogeneous information from various sources, including the Internet of Things, and argue how this process benefits from using semantic representations. A reference implementation tailor-made to business users is explained and evaluated. We also discuss several issues we experienced that we believe to be valuable for researchers and implementers of semantic information systems, as well as the information retrieval community.

The foregoing analysis has delved into the reasoning behind conceptual change in the evolving jurist understanding of the purposes of law in China's transition to a 'socialist market'. The analysis and interpretation of new legal thinking is presumed to be useful to the informed understanding of Chinese progress towards rule-of-law making. It accepts the study of the conceptual basis for contemporary legal reform as a legitimate area of academic inquiry; and it disputes impatient assumption that because not all of the new substance of law has been consistently operationalized in practice, the issues of contemporary jurisprudence and related human rights legislation are dubious. On the contrary, a correct and comprehensive knowledge base is necessary to a critically balanced external understanding as to how best to support the positive development of human rights and the rule of law in the complicated circumstances of China's current marketplace.

Our understanding of prostate cancer (PCa) has shifted from solely caused by a few genetic aberrations to a combination of complex biochemical dysregulations with the prostate metabolome at its core. The role of metabolomics in analyzing the pathophysiology of PCa is indispensable. However, to fully elucidate real-time complex dysregulation in prostate cells, an integrated approach based on metabolomics and other omics is warranted. Individually, genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics are robust, but they are not enough to achieve a holistic view of PCa tumorigenesis. This review is the first of its kind to focus solely on the integration of metabolomics with multi-omic platforms in PCa research, including a detailed emphasis on the metabolomic profile of PCa. The authors intend to provide researchers in the field with a comprehensive knowledge base in PCa metabolomics and offer perspectives on overcoming limitations of the tool to guide future point-of-care applications.

The Parameter Advisor introduces an AI-powered solution for automating the selection of optimal parameter values in wellbore data interpretation. The aim is to reduce effort and time required for accurate interpretations. The software leverages machine learning algorithms, a comprehensive knowledge base, and collaboration among experts to enhance the interpretation process. The overall approach includes data gathering, quality control, and validation. Relevant data is collected and stored in a cloud storage system. The software applies statistical techniques and unsupervised learning algorithms to ensure accuracy and identify patterns in the data. Once the database is established, the software provides recommendations for future analyses based on past interpretations and expert knowledge. The results of tests conducted in the GRONINGEN and CASABE fields showed 92% accuracy compared to manual interpretation. The execution time for a Shale Volume interpretation was reduced by 64%. Collaborative studies with AkerBP in the Valhall field demonstrated an interpretation time reduction of approximately 70%. This study presents a novel approach in the petroleum industry by automating parameter initiation using machine learning and cloud computing. It improves the speed, accuracy, and efficiency of wellbore data interpretation. The software's ability to recommend optimal parameter values based on previous interpretations and expert knowledge contributes to better decision-making. The findings emphasize the effectiveness of machine learning in automating interpretation tasks and enabling non-experts to interpret data accurately. In summary, the proposed software streamlines the wellbore data interpretation process, reduces errors, and saves time. It enhances collaboration among experts, captures expert knowledge, and improves decision-making. The solution adds valuable insights to the petroleum industry by showcasing the power of machine learning in interpretation tasks and demonstrating its potential for transforming the field.

To date, there has been limited discussion of sport psychology consultant development, and there is not a comprehensive knowledge base on practitioner maturation. In this article the author argues that counselor-development literature might contribute to sport psychology consultant training and practitioner-maturation research. The author reviews counselor-development theory and highlights similarities with sport psychology literature, such as the documentation of trainees’ anxieties. Implications for practitioner training include matching instructional methods to trainees’ developmental needs, creating strategies for making use of modeling and simulated or real client interactions, and helping trainees deal with anxiety and conflict. Possible research directions include following sport psychology consultants longitudinally and recording experienced practitioners’ life histories. The use of counselor-development literature might assist educators and supervisors in their interactions with trainees, help practitioners reflect on and perhaps improve their service-delivery practices, and stimulate studies that contribute to a broader understanding of sport psychology consultant development.