Generating a Gesture Set Using the User-defined Method in Smart Home Contexts

How are people using current smart home technologies, and how do they conceptualize future ones that are more interconnected and more capable than those available today? We deployed an online survey study to 150 participants to investigate use of and opinions about smart speakers, home robots, virtual assistants, and other smart home devices. We also gauged how impressions of connected smart home devices are shaped by the way the devices interact with one another. Through a mixed-methods qualitative and quantitative approach, we found that people mostly use single devices for single functions, and have simple and brief interactions with virtual assistants. However, they imagine their future devices to have more control over the physical environment (i.e., interact with each other) and envision them interacting with people in more socially complex ways. These findings motivate design considerations and research directions for connected smart home technologies.

The proliferation of smart devices in recent years has led to novel smart home applications that upgrade traditional home appliances to intelligent units and automatically adapt their services without human assistance. In a smart home system, a central gateway is required to coordinate the functions of various smart home devices and allow bidirectional communications. However, the gateway may cause leakage of sensitive information unless proper privacy protections are applied. In this work, we first introduce a smart home model based on fog computing and secured by differential privacy. Then, we apply a personalized differential privacy scheme to provide privacy protection. Furthermore, we consider a collusion attack and propose our differential privacy model called APDP based on a modified Laplace mechanism and a Markov process to strengthen privacy protection, thus resisting the attack. Lastly, we perform extensive experiments based on the real-world datasets to evaluate the proposed APDP model.

Brain computer interface (BCI) technology is a communication and control approach. Up to now many studies have attempted to develop an EEG-based BCI system to improve the quality of life of people with severe disabilities, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), paralysis, brain stroke and so on. The proposed BCIBSHS could help to provide a new way for supporting life of paralyzed people and elderly people. The goal of this paper is to explore how to set up a cost-effective and safe-to-use online BCIBSHS to recognize multi-commands and control smart devices based on SSVEP. The portable EEG acquisition device (Emotiv EPOC) was used to collect EEG signals. The raw signals were denoised by discrete wavelet transform (DWT) method, and then the canonical correlation analysis (CCA) method was used for feature extraction and classification. Another part is the control of smart home devices. The classification results of SSVEP can be translated into commands to control several devices for the smart home. Here, the Power over Ethernet (PoE) technology was utilized to provide electrical energy and communication for those devices. During online experiments, four different control commands have been achieved to control four smart home devices (lamp, web camera, guardianship telephone and intelligent blinds). Experimental results showed that the online BCIBSHS obtained 86.88 ± 5.30% average classification accuracy rate. The BCI and PoE technology, combined with smart home system, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional systems and achieving home applications management rely on EEG signal. In this paper, we proposed an online steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) based BCI system on controlling several smart home devices.

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in smart homes has revolutionized the way we interact with our living spaces. In this paper, we present a comprehensive smart home innovation aimed at enhancing safety and comfort. Our system includes several IoT devices controlled through a mobile application for seamless user interaction. A mobile controlled LED bulb, integrated with the Blynk app, provides users with remote lighting control. Live data from an MQ 5 gas sensor is monitored through the mobile application, triggering the activation of a fan in case of gas leakage, ensuring safety within the home environment. An infrared (IR) sensor detects human presence, enabling an automatic pump system for convenient water usage. Additionally, another IR sensor is employed to detect human presence and illuminate mini lights for safer navigation, particularly on staircases. The system is built using Node MCU, providing a cost effective and efficient solution for smart home automation. Through the integration of these IoT devices, our smart home innovation aims to provide users with a safer, more comfortable, and energy efficient living environment. This paper presents the design, implementation, and performance evaluation of our smart home system, demonstrating its effectiveness in enhancing the quality of life for homeowners.

Environmental saving potentials of a smart home system from a life cycle perspective: How green is the smart home?

Background:Technological advances in the smart home have created new opportunities for supporting digital citizens’ well-being and facilitating their empowerment but have enabled new types of complex online harms to develop. Recent statistics have indicated that ‘smart’ technology ownership increases yearly, driven by lower costs and increased accessibility. Research on smart homes has also grown, focusing on technology perspectives at the expense of a user-centric approach sensitive to the smart home’s harms, risks, and vulnerabilities. Objective:This scoping review addresses the information gap by underscoring the scope of literature that exists regarding complex online harms, vulnerabilities, and risks associated with smart home technologies and citizens’ agency. The goal is to understand the state of knowledge, gaps in the literature, and areas for future study. The importance and originality of this paper lie in its interdisciplinary review and approach. It is hoped that this research will contribute to a deeper understanding of complex online harms in the smart home. Design:Three online databases were utilised to identify papers published between 2017 and 2022, from which we selected 235 publications written in English that addressed harms, risks, vulnerabilities, and agency in the smart home context. This allowed us to map contemporary literature to reveal significant gaps in our understanding of the complex online harms affecting smart home users and identify opportunities for further research. Results:This review identified emerging themes of ‘risks’, ‘vulnerabilities’, and ‘harms’ in that order of frequency within the literature on smart homes. The usage of terms is skewed towards computing science and information security, which comprised the majority of the literature at 54.6%. Human–computer interaction papers contributed 24.4%, while social sciences accounted for 16.2%. Conclusion:Risks, harms and vulnerabilities within smart home ecosystems and IoTs are ongoing issues with complexities that necessitate research. Privacy, security, and well-being are key themes that embody the scope of complex harms affecting smart home devices in the broad literature. This review establishes disciplinary research gaps, especially in user-centred perspectives, due to a heavy technology focus in the existing literature. Therefore, further research is needed to address emergent risks, harms and vulnerabilities of smart home devices and understand how user agency and autonomy can complement the design, interface, and socio-technical aspects of smart home systems.

Smart home is a good exemplification of the Internet of Things (IoT). Many researchers study how to make smart home systems (SHS) smarter. However, the security of SHS is also worth studying as user's information is collected from the devices and security-sensitive data are communicated through an open network. Therefore, how to guarantee the security of the data transmission in SHS is an important problem. In this paper, we propose a new secure data transmission scheme with access control to protect the data transmission in SHS. In our scheme, data transmission is secured by a new cryptographic primitive called access control encryption (ACE). Different from other existing solutions in SHS, our scheme controls not only which messages smart devices can receive, but also which messages they can send. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed mechanism.

The wireless transmission of home area networks contributes to the vulnerabilities of smart homes. As a result, smart homes are vulnerable to malicious attacks like eavesdropping. To secure the transmissions, secret keys should be established for smart home devices. In practical smart home applications, smart home devices might be resource-constrained devices. Thus, the lightweight key establishment schemes are preferred. Typically, lightweight physical layer key extraction schemes can be employed by the smart home devices. However, the key generation rate of the schemes is low. To improve the key generation rate, in this paper we propose an adaptive physical layer key extraction scheme for smart homes by making use of the Received Signal Strength (RSS). Specifically, in our scheme, two smart home devices collect the RSS measurements by probing with each other. Then, the collected measurements are quantized by running the proposed Self-adaptive Lossless Quantization algorithm. Completing these operations, the two smart home devices can obtain the secret key. In our scheme, we design the self-adaptive lossless quantization algorithm to improve the key generation rate. To show the practicality of the new scheme, we implement it using the Ralink WiFi cards. Additionally, we analyse the performance of our scheme and compare it with that of other related works.

Today, when technology is getting more and more progressive, there is growing demand for automation. In automation systems we can include home automation systems. Within home automation systems the most commonly embedded systems are: security system, temperature control system, lighting control system and etc. Control of these systems are most commonly realized using wireless communication. In this paper is described smart home system controlled by the ATmega2560 microcontroller. Smart home system beside microcontroller, also has a SIM900 GSM module that enables remote control of a smart home using SMS messages. The smart home security system consists of: security system based on IR sensors located on windows and security system based on password protection located at the front door. In the event of a security breach, an alarm with visual and audible warning signals is activated and an SMS message about the security breach is sent to the user. The lighting control system is controlled by SMS message. The user sends SMS messages that turn on/off lights in individual rooms of the smart home. The user also has the ability to turn on/off individual lighting groups in the smart home. The motion sensor is used to detect movement outside the smart home. When the motion sensor is activated, outdoor lighting turn on. The use of systems based on microcontrollers and GSM, according to research, represents a serious competition to earlier systems in terms of price, reliability and ease of use.

The development of the Internet and artificial intelligence promotes smart home systems been used widespreadly in modern society, which effectively improves people's life quality. However, limitations in functionality, closed ecosystem, and high costs make smart home systems are very impractical for the elderly. This article conducts a comprehensive analysis of the smart home development globally, summarizes the characteristics of smart home systems in different regions in the world, then considers the background of Chinese future aging population, and points out the trend of smart home technology in China. This article systematically evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of smart home systems in Europe and Asia. As a response to the aging population situation in China, this research proposes the "Smart Network" residential system, an integrated all-house smart home framework. This system aims at providing a cost-effective solution for the elderly and those people with limited self-care ability. It achieves the goal through excellent compatibility and an efficient intelligent platform, demonstrating the potential to enhance the life quality by incorporating localized those care needs of old age, intelligent environment adaptation, and predictive fall detection systems.

Introduction. Smart Home technology encompasses a range of intelligent devices designed for residential use. These devices present numerous opportunities to transform our lifestyles in the future. Smart Home technology has made significant contributions to enhancing safety and reliability while potentially altering our daily habits. In contemporary society, mobile phones serve purposes beyond mere communication. As technology evolves, the functionality of mobile phones expands, allowing them to be utilized for various applications. Currently, a wide array of applications and hardware is available in the market that can be integrated without necessitating further advancements in existing smartphones. Through network connectivity, mobile phones can facilitate the management of smart home systems, enabling users to control devices and receive alerts regarding potential theft or unauthorized access. The purpose of the paper is to establish a smart home system that allows for remote control of electronic devices and provides notifications of intrusions or movements in restricted areas. The devices are managed via mobile phones using the Short Message Service (SMS), with alerts also sent as SMS messages detailing activities occurring within the vicinity. 39 Results. A smart home system was developed that allows remote control of household electronic devices using a mobile phone. Control of the devices was facilitated through the transmission of instructions via SMS, with alerts also being delivered in the same manner. A Hall Effect proximity sensor was employed to detect unauthorized entry, while a passive infrared sensor was utilized to monitor movement in restricted zones. Additionally, a temperature sensor functioned as a heat detector, and an LED light was incorporated to demonstrate the management of electronic devices. The Arduino Uno Board served as the microcontroller, and the SIM900 GPRS/GSM module was utilized for communication between the microcontroller and the mobile device. Notably, the mobile phone did not require any specialized applications or hardware; any mobile phone capable of sending and receiving SMS could function as a mobile station. Conclusion. Thus, the developed Smart Home system demonstrated its effectiveness. The microcontroller unit effectively responds to commands issued by the mobile phone, adapting to the application's requirements and activating an alarm in critical situations. Additionally, the application successfully facilitates the remote management of electronic devices.

The main objective of this paper is to propose a simple, low cost, reliable and scalable architecture for building Smart Home Systems (SHSs) that can be used to remotely automate and control home appliances, using microcontroller. The proposed architecture aims to take advantage of emerging technologies to make it easier to develop Smart Home systems and to provide more management by expanding its capabilities suitably. The suggested design intends to make it easier and more convenient for many applications to access context data, as well as providing a new schematic guide for creating as complete and comprehensive Smart Home Systems and data processing as possible. Related topics like smart homes and their intelligent systems will be addressed by examining prior work and proposing the authors' opinions in order to suggest the new architecture. The proposed advanced architecture's building blocks include Classic Smart Homes, Internet of Things (IoT), Context-awareness (CA), Cloud Computing (CC), and Rule-based Event Processing Systems (RbEPS). Finally, the proposed architecture is validated and evaluated by constructing a smart home system.

The popularity of smart home systems has greatly increased over the past several years, which provide convenience, automation, and control over various areas of daily life at home. However, these technologies still have issues with scalable user experience, mainly because there aren’t any engaging and intuitive user interfaces. Incorporating pervasive virtual reality (VR) interfaces into smart home systems is the unique strategy proposed in this study to improve scalable user experience. The study’s goal is to use VR technology to develop engaging and simple user interfaces that seamlessly integrate with the actual surroundings of a smart home. Users can engage with their smart home appliances and services through a mixed-reality experience in which virtual items and information are seamlessly incorporated into their environment by donning portable VR headsets. This application considers various difficulties related to developing Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) solutions, including unique characteristics of each end user, appliance, technology, deployment, and data-sharing problems. The Smart Home Systems take advantage of Semantic Web technologies integration abilities and their capacity facing represent significant information into legal models. A virtual reality application called Smart Home Systems allows for residential settings’ setup and customization in AAL systems. Additionally, it effectively uses VR technology to streamline the creation of specialized AAL settings. The application and underlying framework were evaluated for each through two scenarios: designing a home setting specifically for specific scalable user categories.

Internet of things is the trending direction when it comes to designing smart living environment. One of the popular applications of Internet of things is the smart home system. A smart home system usually consists of various types of connected sensors, actuators, appliances and a controller. The controller analyzes the data reported by the sensors and sends out messages to electric appliances and other sensors to ask them to behave accordingly. There are a lot of smart home designs proposed in the literature to make the systems smarter and more comfortable. However, little work has considered the security and privacy issues in smart home systems. In this paper, we analyze the differences of security and privacy issues that lie in the smart home systems, smart grid, and wireless sensor networks. Further, we propose our own solutions that achieves privacy preservation during the communications between end sensors and appliances and the controller.

A blockchain-based dynamic and traceable data integrity verification scheme for smart homes