Geographic information system based roadway construction planning

Roadway construction planning processes involve a large amount of information regarding design, construction methods, quantities, unit costs, and production rates. GIS (Geographic Information System) is a very effective tool for integrating and managing various types of information such as spatial and non-spatial data required for roadway construction planning. This paper proposes a GIS-based system for improving roadway construction planning by integrating design and construction information. The proposed system can also help construction planners make a proper decision in a unique way with its ‘Interactive Planning’ function that supports the space scheduling and activity sequence visualization processes.

The Baltimore City Fire Department (BCFD) has been installing smoke alarms city wide for more than three decades. Though data on each visit are entered into a database, no system existed for using these data for planning or evaluation. The objective of this study is to use Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and existing databases to 1) determine the number of residences in need of a home visit; 2) determine total visits, visits per household, and number of homes entered for eligible households; and 3) demonstrate integration of various data via GIS for use in prevention planning. The tax assessment database was queried to determine the number of eligible (as determined by BCFD policy) residences in need of a visit. Each attempted BCFD home visit was coded to identify, if the BCFD personnel interacted with residents ("pass door") and installed alarms. Home visits were geocoded and compared to the tax assessment database to determine city wide pass door rates. Frequency of visits was run by individual residences to measure efficiency. A total of 206,850 residences met BCFD eligibility for a home visit. In 2007, the BCFD attempted 181,757 home visits and 177,213 were successfully geocoded to 122,118 addresses. A total of 122,118 eligible residences (59%) received a home visit. A total of 35,317 residences (29%) received a repeat visit attempt. The pass door rate was 22% (46,429) of all residences. GIS technology offers a promising means for fire departments to plan and evaluate the fire prevention services they provide.

Artificial Intelligence is becoming more attractive to resolve nontrivial problems including the well known real time scheduling (RTS) problem for Embedded Systems (ES). The latter is considered as a hard multi-objective optimization problem because it must optimize at the same time three key conflictual objectives that are tasks deadlines guarantee, energy consumption reduction and reliability enhancement. In this paper, we firstly present the necessary background to well understand the problematic of RTS in the context of ES, then we present our enriched taxonomies for real time, energy and faults tolerance aware scheduling algorithms for ES. After that, we survey the most pertinent existing works of literature targeting the application of AI methods to resolve the RTS problem for ES notably Constraint Programming, Game theory, Machine learning, Fuzzy logic, Artificial Immune Systems, Cellular Automata, Evolutionary algorithms, Multi-agent Systems and Swarm Intelligence. We end this survey by a discussion putting the light on the main challenges and the future directions.

Real time control and scheduling systems determine the vehicle routing plan based on the current status of the system. The status of a system can be represented by different attributes of demand such as location, quantity, and due date. The objective of this article is to propose a real time dynamic vehicle control and scheduling system for multi‐depot physical distribution. To perform the system objectives effectively, the proposed system includes five major modules. These are: global information collection system, depot controller, route planner, vehicle scheduler, vechicle route and time table feedback system. A simulation experiment is described at the end of the article to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. The results indicate that the proposed system is promising and can be implemented in practical operations.

Purpose: To develop a patient scheduling system for treatment delivery at the University of Florida Proton Therapy Institute (UFPTI) such that patients' time preferences are satisfied to the largest extent possible, operational and technical restrictions are met, and at the same time efficient utilization of the facility is guaranteed. Method and Materials: A new modeling approach has been proposed in which so‐called restricted and desired time windows are defined for each patient based on the operational restrictions and his/her time preferences, respectively. A treatment schedule is decomposed into two components; (i) sequence and (ii) timing, so that given a certain sequence of patients an associated optimal timing can be determined with respect to the restricted and desired time windows. In order to maintain stability in the treatment schedule, a common order in which patients are treated, a so‐called union sequence is defined for the entire planning horizon. On the solution side, an exact algorithm, the so‐called timing optimizer, is proposed to find the optimal timing given the sequence. Furthermore, a local search heuristic, which employs the timing optimizer to evaluate the quality of a sequence, is developed to obtain high‐quality sequences with respect to three evaluation criteria defined to measure the desirability of a schedule. Results: The patient scheduling approach has been implemented and it is currently under clinical testing at the UFPTI. The experiments show that the proposed system can find high‐quality schedules within a minute. Conclusion: This work presents a new heuristic approach to patients scheduling for treatment delivery. Patient scheduling at the UFPTI was formerly done manually in a time‐consuming process; with the help of the new developed algorithm it is now possible to produce high‐quality schedules in real time.

This chapter performs a case analysis of the integrated use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Expert Systems (ES) to assist decision-making process specifically on the question: where is the best place for a new retailer at the bank-industry? Choosing the best location for a new commerce unit is an important and complex decision because both spatial and symbolic variables are involved. The choice of locations requires strategic decisions based not only on common sense but also on the experience of experts, and this involves solid research. The integration of GIS with other special-purpose software can improve the potential of performed analysis. Particularly GIS integrated with ES can assist those tasks by making them less subjective. GIS can subsidize spatial marketing analysis by combining company socio-economic variables with the concurrence ones, while ES can store the expert’s logical sequence of reasoning and even the importance order of symbolic variables. When the expert queries the ES, he or she gets data collected by other professionals otherwise dependant on them. In bank industry those decisions are critical, because opening a new unit must take in account the spatial variables, as concurrence proximity, and symbolic variables concerned about the building where it will be located. This chapter was based on a dissertation for Master Degree (Carnasciali, A. M. S., 2007) in which a study case was developed, on an analysis using integrated ES and GIS to open a new retailer of HSBC Bank Brazil S/A, in the city of Curitiba, Parana – Brazil. A comparison was made between the methods used by the HSBC experts against the proposed system. Conclusions pointed out that the proposed system has contributed to an improvement in the decision-making process for the banking industry location problems, enlarging possibilities for spatial analysis and assisting the experts with subjective tasks.

This research paper discusses about the application of Web-Based Geographical Information System (GIS), an ICT tool for electronic business; particularly through Internet, with a future plan to develop e-promotion and strategic marketing by implementing Web GIS tools for Geobusiness. In the context of e-business, this present study penetrates the usage of GIS to disseminate maximum level of information to the customers. On the other hand, it depicts the growing incorporation of GIS in target marketing, business management, and strategic decision-making processes. It discusses how this modern Geospatial Information Technology (GIT) tool is used for collecting and analyzing information for the efficient and effective management and promotion of e-commerce. Geographical Information System (GIS) is the fundamental science and technology for Geo Design, a systematic methodology of Geographic planning and decision making. Web GIS is the modern technology for capturing, storing, retrieving, mapping and analyzing spatial and non-spatial geographical data in the digital format over the internet. It provides all the GIS functions over the Web, these functions can, in turn, be applied in various sectors of e-business. This paper highlights on the technical aspects of Web GIS for strategic planning, daily business operations, supply chain management, marketing, customer service, improving efficiency and attaining competitive advantage for business organizations.

Information mined from building information models as well as associated geographical data and Geographic Information System (GIS) analyses can increase the success of construction processes and asset management, including buildings, roads, and public facilities. The integration of information from both domains requires high expertise in both spheres. The existing B.Sc and M.Sc. programs linked to the built environment at the Technical University of Munich offer courses for the Building Information Model (BIM) and GIS that are distributed among study programs in Civil Engineering, Architecture, and Geomatics. Students graduating as professionals in one of these domains rarely know how to solve pre-defined technical problems associated with the integration of information from BIM and GIS. Students in such programs seldom practice skills needed for the integration of information from BIM and GIS at a level that is needed in working life. Conversely, the technologies in both domains create artificial boundaries that do not exist in reality—for example, water and electricity would not be of use if the utilities terminated in front of buildings. To bring a change and bridge the gap between BIM and GIS, a change in the teaching methods of BIM/GIS needs to be considered. The Technical University of Munich (TUM) has developed a master’s course (M.Sc. course) for students in Geoinformatics which focuses on competencies required to achieve BIM/GIS integration. This paper describes the course development process and provides a unique perspective on the curriculum and subjects. It also presents the course objective, course development, the selection and development of learning materials, and the assessment of the intended learning outcome of the course. The developed course is validated through a questionnaire, and feedback is provided by participants of the BIM/GIS integration workshop representing a panel of experts in the domain.

A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a technological tool that allows for the capture, storage, analysis, and visualization of geographically referenced data. These systems integrate various forms of spatial and non-spatial data, facilitating the analysis of geographic phenomena and patterns.The integration of Machine Learning (ML) into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has revolutionized the way geospatial data is analyzed and used. Machine Learning, with its ability to learn from large volumes of data and make accurate predictions, complements the analytical capabilities of GIS, allowing for the extraction of complex patterns and the performance of advanced predictions that were not previously possible. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the applications of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) empowered by the use of machine learning, highlighting their impact on spatial analysis and environmental management.

. The article is devoted to the study of the possibilities of using geographic information systems (GIS) for monitoring the state of groundwater, which is important for ensuring environmental safety and sustainable management of water resources. Groundwater is an important source of fresh water for the population, industry and agriculture, but it is vulnerable to various pollutions caused by both natural and anthropogenic factors. Therefore, the implementation of reliable monitoring systems that allow timely detection, assessment and forecasting of changes in water quality is necessary to prevent the deterioration of the ecological situation and prevent the spread of pollution. Geographic information systems (GIS ) offer significant opportunities for the collection and integration of large volumes of spatial data, including satellite images, remote sensing results, automated sensor data, and field observations. GIS allow creating multi-layered maps reflecting the ecological state of underground aquifers, modeling pollution processes and predicting their possible impact on nearby ecosystems and water sources. Thanks to the use of GIS, it is possible to combine data from different sources in a single interactive system, which simplifies analysis and provides the ability to quickly respond to any detected deviations. The article examines in detail the key methods used within GIS for groundwater monitoring, including satellite sounding to analyze changes in the earth's surface, spectral indices to assess the state of vegetation and soil salinity, and radar methods to determine soil electrical conductivity. Particular attention is paid to the application of three-dimensional modeling, which allows visualization of the spread of pollution in underground aquifers, which facilitates decision-making regarding the optimal location of monitoring stations and the design of protective structures. In combination with automated sensors recording water parameters in real time, GIS provides continuous monitoring of the physico-chemical indicators of groundwater and allows for prompt assessment of their condition. The article also analyzes the possibilities of using predictive modeling in GIS to assess the further spread of pollution and develop environmental risk management measures. It is described how mathematical models in GIS can help predict the impact of anthropogenic and natural factors on groundwater, which ensures the development of scientifically based solutions to reduce pollution and maintain water quality at a safe level. The implementation of GIS in groundwater monitoring is an important step towards increasing the efficiency of water resources management, ensuring their protection from pollution and preserving the ecological stability of the regions.

Integration of geospatial and cattle nutrition information to estimate paddock grazing capacity in Northern US prairie

AOI(Attribute-Oriented Induction) is one of the data mining techniques with which phenomena of complicated spatial relationships can be expressed as specific rules by summarizing spatial or non-spatial data in accordance with super ordinate concepts. In addition to such AOI technique, if GIS(Geographic Information System) that has an advantage to solve spacerelated problems is combined, they can be used to expect the issues of urban growth. Combining the AOI technique and GIS, the study draws out spatial association rules focusing on a physical urban growth, and those rules are applied to urban growth models during the period from the 1960's to the 1990's. The results and analysis of the urban growth modes combined with data mining are compared with those of Clarke Keith's UGM(Urban Growth Model).

The Healthy Way Card (KMS) is a valuable tool for documenting and tracking the growth and development of children between the ages of 0 and 5 years. The aim of this research is to make it easier for cadres and parents to see the development of toddlers as well as reminders of posyandu activity schedules in real time. This research uses Firebase Realtime Database for storing toddler data and Firebase Storage for storing media/photos. Use of Java and Android Studio as programming languages. The Waterfall system development method is also used. Push Notification is divided into 2 privileges, namely Broadcast for routine posyandu information which is sent to all users and Private which is pushed to each user's account for the development of toddlers after activities. The Towards Healthy Card Application System has a multiplatform, namely Mobile and Web. The system used can run well. The system can be accessed by several users so that it can be used to record data on toddler development, as well as obtain information on posyandu activities in real time. Thus, from the test results, the system can display growth and development graphs, immunization graphs, weight graphs, from all these graphs you can see toddler development data.

The Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) has adopted and been actively using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology to improve its 18,000-centerline-mile (28,962-km) system's highway pavement management for the past few years. An Oracle client/server and GIS-based pavement management module were developed by Georgia Tech and has been successfully implemented by GDOT since 2000. This client/server-based GIS module was designed to integrate seamlessly with the Oracle central database in which the pavement condition survey data reside. Once the pavement condition data surveyed by 60 field engineers had been uploaded on the central database, the managers were able to visualize statewide pavement conditions, including the project ratings and various distresses, such as load cracking, block cracking, rutting, etc., in real time. Managers were able and can now perform spatial analyses by aggregating features, such as working districts and congressional districts. The successful implementation of the GIS module in GDOT has greatly enhanced pavement management capability by generating data that had been previously unavailable and by obtaining pavement condition data in seconds instead of days. In this paper, examples are used to demonstrate the actual benefits of implementing the client/server-based GIS module. Also, future research about using GIS in pavement management is discussed.

To date, the authors of this report have carried out estimations of initial stock size and catch per unit effort (CPUE) calculations in real time by collecting positional information and catch information from small fishing vessels using a sensor network system, and have facilitated fisherman-driven resource management in the coastal fishing industry by digitizing fisheries information. As the next step, we propose visualization of digitized fisheries information in the form of maps, and application of these maps to resource conservation and efficient fishing operations. The collection of various types of information, such as positional information and catch information, from small fishing vessels during operation has become possible due to the promotion of “IT fisheries.” Among the collected information, indicators such as water temperature that fishermen evaluate empirically from readings can be presented effectively using text and graphs. However, analysis results information, such as resource density and fishing rate, can be difficult to evaluate from numbers only, and the use of geographic information system (GIS) is considered to be effective. However, full-scale introduction of GIS is considered difficult in terms of both cost and skill. Therefore, we attempted to develop an iPad application that would allow fishermen to make use of the mapped information without having an awareness of GIS, and to introduce it in sea cucumber dredge net fishing, scallop dredge net fishing, and octopus pot fishing. This report presents the mobile GIS plotter developed for fishermen and some examples of its application.