Gesture and language dialectic

This paper seeks to understand linguistic formality through the identification and measurement of contextual features. Using an adapted sociometric methodology to combine systemic functional linguistics and sign linguistics, a survey identifies the elements of context that have an effect upon the level of linguistic formality employed by British Sign Language users. The responses of 51 participants are analysed in order to ascertain (i) the level of linguistic formality that would be employed in certain communicative scenarios, and (ii) the contextual features of these scenarios that have an influence on linguistic formality. The results obtained from this study posit that there is an overall agreement shared between British Sign Language users when choosing levels of linguistic formality based on broad contextual description alone. The people involved in the communication and their interpersonal relationships tend to be the biggest influence on the level of formality employed, whereas the topic of the interaction appears to show no significant influence upon linguistic formality on its own. This work contributes further evidence to the importance of studying language within communicative contexts and the importance of formality as an influential factor in linguistic production. It is hoped that this will encourage future studies to derive linguistic data of British Sign Language users, or indeed users of other sign languages, to corroborate these findings.

In [Le 82, Le 85, Le 86a, Le 86b] a hierarchical graph model is discussed that allows to exploit the hierarchical description of the graphs for the efficient solution of graph problems. The model is motivated by applications in CAD, and is based on a special form of a graph grammar. The above references contain polynomial time solutions for the hierarchical versions of many classical graph problems. However, there are also graph problems that cannot benefit from the succinctness of hierarchical description of the graphs.

Handball is a cooperation-opposition sport, mediated by a succession of throws, grabs, movements, and brief and intense actions. This sport requires the execution of various motor and technical-tactical actions involving specific strength components. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of strength training using elastic bands in young handball players. Following PRISMA guidelines, searches were conducted in the Pubmed, Dialnet, and Google Scholar databases. Five studies were selected that analyzed the effects of strength training using elastic bands in handball players aged between 13 and 26 years. The results obtained in this review show significant improvements in strength, power, and throwing speed, as well as in specific motor actions of handball. In conclusion, strength training with elastic bands in young handball players has positive impacts on increasing strength capacity, explosive strength, strength endurance, and muscle power. Similarly, it helps improve crucial aspects of sports performance, including throwing speed, movement, and specific game actions such as jumps and changes of direction and pace.

Executing go/no-go and approach/avoidance responses toward objects can increase people's choices of go over no-go items, and of approach over avoidance items. Some theoretical accounts explain these effects as the results of merely executing these responses (i.e., action execution), while others propose that these choice effects stem from interpreting these motor responses as valenced actions (i.e., action interpretation). To test the role of action execution versus action interpretation in both go/no-go and approach/avoidance responses, we employed a recently developed training that combined both dimensions orthogonally. Participants either pressed a key or not (i.e., go/no-go) to control a shopping cart on screen, to either collect or not collect certain food items (i.e., approach/avoidance). After the training, they repeatedly chose between food items (i.e., candies) for real consumption. When the instructions framed the responses as approach/avoidance actions, participants (N = 98) preferred approach items over avoidance items, but did not show preferences between go and no-go items in their choices. In contrast, when the instructions framed the responses as go/no-go actions, participants (N = 98) preferred go items over no-go items, but did not show preferences between approach and avoidance items. Despite making the same actual responses in both instruction groups, action interpretation determined whether go/no-go or approach/avoidance actions influenced food choice. Disambiguating the interpretation of motor responses as clearly valenced and meaningful actions may therefore be a fruitful way to maximize the effectiveness of response-based behavioral interventions.

The impact of controller support tools in enroute air traffic control on cognitive error modes: A comparative analysis in two operational environments

This study is investigating the linguistic features of sports commentary. The focus is the politeness techniques using and gender-specific language variations observed in 2022 FIFA World Cup. This study used qualitative approach. This study was examining the collection of real-time commentary from various matches in 2022 World Cup. The analysis of this study focusses on prominent politeness methods, including softened criticism, neutral descriptions, respectful acknowledgments, and positive reinforcement. It further investigates the effectiveness of these strategies in the specific context of live sports broadcasting. The findings suggest that the use of politeness tactics is important for maintaining the professional users and engaging tone when commenting the match. This study also found that female commentators disposed to use more supportive and cooperative language, emphasizing teamwork and exertion, while male commentators disposed to use more competitive and authoritative language, focusing on individual performance and strategic analysis. These findings consistent with the research on gender communication and emphasize the significance of comprehending special style communication styles in sports commentary. This study branch holds significant importance for both the field of sports broadcasting and the branch of linguistics. The results indicate that commentator training programs should include knowledge of politeness techniques and gender-specific communication styles in order to improve audience involvement and provide a pleasant viewing experience. This work improves the knowledge of language usage in real-time sports commentary, such as dynamic and culturally significant situation in linguistic form. It highlights the significance of language in reflect and reinforce the cultural values and conventions, promoting inclusiveness, and deepening the spectator’s which tie up with the event. Keywords: Live Sports Commentary, Politeness Strategies, Sports Broadcasting.

The purpose of the article is to identify trends in the disclosure of the plot-content aspect of a choreographic performance, built on the basis of or with the use of ballroom dance vocabulary, which is characteristic of the stage works of the XXI century. Research methodology. The method of artistic and stylistic analysis of expressive means of choreographic performance is applied; a typological method that helped to identify and consider the main methods of disclosing the plot-content aspect; the method of art history analysis, the application of which contributed to the consideration of compositional solutions of choreographic performances; the method of comparative analysis, which allowed to compare the techniques and methods of revealing the plot-content aspect of choreographic performances used by foreign and domestic directors at the present stage; method of theoretical generalization. Scientific novelty. Based on the art analysis of choreographic performances by European and domestic choreographers-producers A. Gades ("The Antonio Gades Compan"), F. Pinera and W. Villalba ("La Boca Tango Company"), A. Trunova (performance-performance "Bloody Wedding") ”) And N. Zhurenko (ballroom dance theater“ Fly Dance ”) revealed the tendencies of revealing the plot-content aspect of a choreographic performance, built on the basis of or with the involvement of ballroom dance vocabulary, characteristic of the modern stage of choreographic art development, and its figurative and conceptual content. Conclusions. The study showed that the modern practice of dance theaters is dominated by the tendency to use non-standard possibilities of artistic and figurative reflection of human existence, the author's approach to revealing the theme of stage choreographic work, innovative poetic and metaphorical images. Harmonious synthesis in the choreographic performance of the components of musical and choreographic imagery is positioned by modern producers as the main task in the process of revealing the content. Ballroom dance forms and dramatic moves correspond to the specific content and figurative series of stage work and the laws of reflection of reality in a choreographic performance are based on the degree of devotion to the metaphorical reflection of life.

The intersection is one of the most important elements of roadway network. It is considered as a point of weakness in any roadway network, because it has a higher probability of accident occurrences and a lower capacity than other elements of roadway network. During the last three decades, the roundabout has begun to be highlighted as a solution to problems of conventional signalized intersections. Since then, numerous studies have been conducted in order to determine and quantify the performance and benefits of converting the conventional signalized intersection to a modern roundabout. Most of these studies have focused on certain aspects of the performance of roundabouts, while neglecting the others. In addition, most of these studies have not determined the extent of conflicts among the different factors that affect the performance of the roundabout. This has necessitated the need for a comprehensive study that addresses all the aspects of roundabout performance and analyzes the interference among the different factors that affect the roundabout performance. In this study, the literature concerning all the aspects of a roundabout performance (safety of drivers, pedestrians, cyclists, as well as capacity, delay, toxic emissions, fuel consumption, cost) have been analyzed. In addition, the degree of interference among all the factors that affect the performance of a roundabout has been determined in order to clarify the overall picture of roundabout performance and finally to present the overall findings of the study.

This paper presents a new analytical framework for assessing spatial disparities among countries. It takes for granted that the analysis of a country’s performance cannot be limited solely to either economic or social factors. The aim of the paper is to combine relevant economic and ‘non-economic’ (mainly social) aspects of a country’s performance in an integrated logical framework. Based on this idea, a structural simultaneous equation model will be presented and estimated in order to explore the direction of the causal relationship between economic and non-economic aspects of a country’s performance. Furthermore, an exploration of the trajectory that each country has registered over time along a virtuous path will be offered. By means of a matrix persistency/transition analysis, the countries will be classified in clusters of good/bad performance. One of the most interesting conclusions concerns the inability of most countries to turn the higher educational skills of the population into greater economic performance over time. In addition, our analysis also shows that making an accurate picture record and formulating related policy aiming at environmental care is highly desirable. It is surprising that only a few countries have reached a favourable economic and environmental performance simultaneously.

The increasingly high level of activity in Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (AEMFC) research and development over the past several years has included a strong component of computational modeling studies. While most of these have concentrated on various aspects of cell performance, our group's efforts are focused on the analysis of both performance and its stability [1,2]; in contrast with performance, the current state of the art of AEMFCs with respect to performance stability falls significantly short of what is required.In this contribution, we will describe our modeling approach which involves both 1-D and 3-D time dependent analyses of AEMFC operation. We account for mass transport, electrochemical phenomena, and ionomer degradation kinetics across the cell, involving a five-layer membrane electrode assembly. This includes a cathode gas diffusion layer (GDL), a cathode catalytic layer (CL), a membrane, an anode CL, and an anode GDL; in the case of 3D modeling gas flow channels are also included. Details of the models, associated simplifying assumptions and our numerical approach will be provided. This will be followed by the description of a number of sample studies.First, we will discuss validation via the comparison of cell performance and its stability against experimental data for different design and operating parameters. Next, we will present the application of our modeling approach in an effort to explore the effect of high-temperature operation on AEMFC performance and its stability. Our modeling results demonstrate the beneficial impact of using high operating temperature on AEMFC performance; this is attributed to better electrochemical kinetics, and reduced mass transfer limitations. Nontrivial benefits with respect to performance stability will also be demonstrated. Additional studies to be discussed include the analysis of Anion Exchange Ionomer (AEI) hydroxide conductivity and its impact on AEMFC performance and stability, as well as the analysis of performance using different gas flow channel geometries.

Supporting source-level performance analysis of programs written in data-parallel languages requires a unique degree of integration between compilers and performance analysis tools. Compilers for languages such as High Performance Fortran infer parallelism and communication from data distribution directives, thus, performance tools cannot meaningfully relate measurements about these key aspects of execution performance to source-level constructs without substantial compiler support. This paper describes an integrated system for performance analysis of data-parallel programs based on the Rice Fortran 77D compiler and the Illinois Pablo performance analysis toolkit. During code generation, the Fortran D compiler records mapping information and semantic analysis results describing the relationship between performance instrumentation and the original source program. An integrated performance analysis system based on the Pablo toolkit uses this information to correlate the program's dynamic behavior with the data parallel source code. The integrated system provides detailed source-level performance feedback to programmers via a pair of graphical interfaces. Our strategy serves as a model for integration of data-parallel compilers and performance tools.

lmbench is a powerful and extensible suite of micro-benchmarks that measures a variety of important aspects of system performance. It has a powerful timing harness that manages most of the ‘housekeeping’ chores associated with benchmarking, making it easy to create new benchmarks that analyze systems or components of specific interest to the user. In many ways lmbench is a Swiss army knife for performance analysis. It includes an extensive suite of micro-benchmarks that give powerful insights into system performance. For those aspects of system or application performance not covered by the suite, it is generally a simple task to create new benchmarks using the timing harness. lmbench is written in ANSI-C and uses POSIX interfaces, so it is portable across a wide variety of systems and architectures. It also includes powerful new tools that measure performance under scalable loads to analyze SMP and clustered system performance. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Reliance on plant exudates is a relatively rare dietary specialization among mammals. One well-studied example of closely related exudate feeders is the New World marmosets and tamarins. Whereas marmosets actively gouge tree bark with their incisors to stimulate the flow of sap, tamarins are opportunistic exudate feeders that do not gouge bark. Several studies of the dentaries and jaw adductors indicate that marmosets exhibit specializations for increased gape at the expense of bite force. Few studies, however, have looked to the cranium of marmosets for evidence of functional specializations. Using 3D finite element models of the marmoset Callithrix jacchus and the tamarin Saguinus fuscicollis, we investigated the performance of the cranium under loading regimes that mimicked unilateral molar biting and bark-gouging. We investigated three measures of performance: the efficiency with which muscle force is transferred to bite force, the extent to which the models are stressed (a predictor of failure), and the work expended by muscles as they deform the skull (total strain energy). We found that during molar biting the two models exhibited similar levels of performance, though the Saguinus model had slightly higher mechanical efficiency, a slightly lower state of stress, and expended more energy on deformation. In contrast, under the bark-gouging load, Callithrix exhibited much higher mechanical efficiency than Saguinas, but did so at the expense of more work and higher levels of von Mises stress. This analysis illustrates that differences in the shapes of the skulls of Callithrix and Saguinus confer differences in performance. Whether these aspects of performance are targets of selection awaits broader comparative analyses.

Artificial intelligence and Machine Learning approaches in sports: Concepts, applications, challenges, and future perspectives

Objective: To review different key agreement schemes which are used to establish Wireless body area network (WBAN) on the basis of identified attacks and also evaluate the schemes on performance parameters. Method: In this paper, an overview of WBAN, its architecture, difference between WSN and WBAN, IEEE 802.15.6 specifications of WBAN, attacks in the environment and security essentials are discussed at first. It further divides the key agreement schemes into four classes and provides an extensive review of the schemes on the basis of distinct parameters viz. data confidentiality, node authentication, data integrity, mutual authentication, unforgeability, unlinkability, forward/backward secrecy, scalability, freshness, dos attack and node capture attack. Schemes are searched using the keywords- (“Traditional Key Agreement Scheme” OR “Physiological Key Agreement Scheme” OR “Signal Based Key Agreement Scheme” OR “Hybrid Key Agreement Scheme” OR “Security in Key Agreement Scheme”) AND (“Wireless Body Area Network” OR “WBAN” OR “Body Area Network” OR “BAN” OR “Body Sensor Network” OR “BSN” OR “Medical Body Area Network” OR “MBAN”). The papers are shortlisted around long stretches of 2003-2021 with a focus on recent work from IEEE Xplore, Springer, Science Direct, ACM, MDPI and Google Scholar databases. Schemes are analyzed against the mentioned attacks and the result of the comparative analysis is shown using tables and chart tools graphically. Findings: The wide coverage of the schemes in this review provides in-depth exposure to the shortcomings of the different schemes against the listed attacks which will provide a road map to the researchers to develop secure schemes in the future. Moreover, maximum schemes do not consider all the three aspects of performance viz. memory efficiency, computational efficiency and energy efficiency which are the foremost parameters in resource scarce environment of WBAN. Novelty: This review is unique as it analyzes the distinct key agreement schemes under specific attacks found in the literature while other review papers discuss the general aspects of the security threats and corresponding counter measures in WBAN environment. It also provides the performance analysis of the key management schemes which are missing from other review works. Keywords: WBAN; IOT; Bio sensors; Security; Privacy; Attacks; Encryption; Key agreement schemes; IEEE 802.15.6