Getting Started with DSpace 7

Using a multi-sited ethnographic case study, this thesis examines the development of rural place brands in three towns in Scotland. Engaging with the literatures on place branding and entrepreneurial governance, and the theoretical work of Pierre Bourdieu, this thesis critically examines how and why the place brands in a rural context were developed; how the places were transformed (reconstructed) through branding; the struggles and contestations within the branding process; and the perceived audiences for such developments. It is argued that whilst there are numerous similarities in the developments of the brands, there are also significant differences to that of urban place branding. This thesis thus problematises the application of theories of branding developed in urban areas to rural contexts. It is also argued that, despite the branding literature suggesting that brands promote a clear, coherent and holistic identity for place (see Kavaratzis, 2005), the development of brands in the current research has been deeply contested, and fraught with various struggles over how the brand (and the place more broadly) should be represented. This thesis thus challenges the extent to which a clear, coherent and holistic identity of the brand (and place) can be established. Finally, whilst it has been argued that place marketing and branding strategies seek to target specific audiences (as was also the case in the current research) (see Gotham, 2002), this thesis argues that in practice, this is a deeply problematic process as the audience of place brands is actually rather diverse. In sum, this thesis makes a significant contribution to our knowledge on place branding by providing an in-depth critical examination of place branding processes in a rural context, which has been all too often neglected by a dominant focus on the urban.

Evaluation of intensivist basic training in transthoracic echocardiography in the postoperative period of heart surgery

Allied health infection control coordinators: A new link to infection control

During the last few decades, the use of intraoperative echocardiography has become increasingly evident as anesthesiologists, cardiologists, and surgeons continue to appreciate its potential application as an invaluable tool for monitoring cardiac performance and diagnosing pathology in patients undergoing cardiac surgery (1,2). The essential information provided by intraoperative echocardiography regarding hemodynamic management, cardiac valve function, congenital heart lesions, and great vessel pathology has contributed to its widespread popularity. In fact, perioperative echocardiography has been shown to influence cardiac anesthetic and surgical management in as many as 50% of cases (3). The publication of guidelines describing the indications for performing intraoperative echocardiography based on reviews of the literature and expert opinion of task force members from the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists (SCA), American Society of Anesthesiologists, and American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) has also facilitated the growth of this important diagnostic tool (4,5). Despite its overwhelming popularity and favorable influence on perioperative clinical decision-making and outcomes (1,2,6), the transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) approach to a comprehensive echocardiographic examination has some limitations. For example, TEE imaging of the distal ascending aorta and aortic arch may be impaired by the interposition of the trachea and main bronchi (7–9). In addition, a TEE probe may occasionally be difficult or impossible to advance into the esophagus or, in patients with significant gastroesophageal pathology, TEE probe placement may even be contraindicated (10). Furthermore, TEE may be rarely associated with perioperative morbidity from oropharyngeal and gastroesophageal injury (e.g., dysphagia, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, gastroesophageal rupture) (10,11). Thus, an experienced echocardiographer must be familiar with other imaging approaches to conduct a comprehensive perioperative echocardiographic examination. More than a decade before the introduction of TEE, epicardial echocardiography was already in use as a diagnostic imaging modality to assist cardiac surgeons, anesthesiologists, and cardiologists with clinical decision-making (12). A comprehensive epicardial echocardiographic examination can be performed efficiently and safely (13), and may be the most practical intraoperative imaging technique when a TEE probe cannot be inserted or when probe placement is contraindicated. Epicardial echocardiography may be superior to TEE because it can provide more optimal image resolution when using higher frequency probes (14). In addition, epicardial echocardiography may offer better windows for imaging anterior cardiac structures including the aorta, aortic valve (AV), pulmonic valve, and pulmonary arteries, and, therefore, may have a favorable influence on perioperative surgical decision-making (15,16). However, epicardial imaging requires direct access to the anterior surface of the heart, and consequently cannot be performed without a sternotomy. Furthermore, the epicardial approach does not permit continuous monitoring, and requires interruption of the surgical procedure for imaging. The most recent recommendations by the ASE and SCA Task Force Guidelines for Training in Perioperative Echocardiography include epicardial and epiaortic imaging as core components of advanced training (5). Thus, the following guidelines for performing a comprehensive epicardial echocardiographic examination have been developed by the ASE Council for Intraoperative Echocardiography to establish requirements for training, and to standardize a comprehensive epicardial examination using a set of 7 reliably obtained views. TRAINING GUIDELINES The epicardial approach is unique among the readily used echocardiographic imaging windows in that it requires a collaborative effort with the cardiac surgeon to either allow the echocardiographer to guide them in obtaining images, or alternatively permit the echocardiographer to have direct access to the epicardial surface within the operative field. Experience in epicardial echocardiography is an important component of advanced, rather than basic perioperative echocardiographic training as defined by the ASE and SCA Task Force Guidelines for Training in Perioperative Echocardiography (5). Epicardial echocardiographic training should include the study of 25 epicardial examinations of which five are personally directed under the supervision of an advanced echocardiographer, before a trainee should pursue independent interpretation and application of the information to perioperative clinical decision-making. EPICARDIAL PROBE PREPARATION Epicardial echocardiography is performed by placing the ultrasound transducer on the epicardial surface of the heart to acquire 2-dimensional, color flow, and spectral Doppler images in multiple planes. Because of the proximity of the probe to the heart, epicardial echocardiography typically uses higher frequency probes (5–12 MHz). The probe is placed in a sterile sheath along with sterile acoustic gel or saline to optimize acoustic transmission. Two sheaths may also be used in an attempt to increase sterility. Warm sterile saline can be poured into the mediastinal cavity to further enhance acoustic transmission from the probe to the epicardial surface. The depth setting and the depth of transmit focus is then adjusted to visualize the near field. If a multifrequency probe is used, the frequency is increased to obtain the highest resolution image possible. Epicardial images may only be obtained by an operator who is wearing a sterile gown and gloves, and uses sterile technique within the operative field as described in these guidelines. This task may be performed either by a diagnosing physician with advanced perioperative echocardiography training or, alternatively and perhaps more practically, by a cardiac surgeon under the direct guidance of an advanced echocardiographer. Interpretation of epicardial echocardiographic images for the purpose of directing intraoperative surgical and anesthesia decision-making should only be performed by a physician with advanced perioperative echocardiography training. IMAGING PLANES The following proposed guidelines describe 7 epicardial echocardiographic imaging planes consistent with the ASE recommendations for transthoracic echocardiograph (TTE) nomenclature (17). We recognize that placement of the transducer directly on the heart provides views that can be slightly different than those obtained by TTE. These views will be identified as "modified" views. Individual patient characteristics, anatomic variations, or time constraints may limit the ability to obtain every component of the recommended comprehensive epicardial echocardiographic examination. Furthermore, there may be certain clinical situations where additional views may be necessary to address specific anatomic or pathologic questions. However, the 7 recommended views should permit the completion of a comprehensive 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic evaluation in the vast majority of cardiac surgical cases, and should be obtainable in 5–10 min (13). Epicardial AV Short-Axis View (TTE Parasternal AV Short-Axis Equivalent) The ultrasound transducer is placed on the aortic root above the AV annulus, with the ultrasound beam directed toward the AV in a short-axis (SAX) orientation to obtain the epicardial AV SAX view (Fig. 1A). Appropriate transducer alignment and orientation is critical and requires the orientation marker (indentation) on the transducer to face toward the patient's left. The transducer typically has to be rotated approximately 30 degrees clockwise to develop this view. The right coronary cusp will be at the top of the monitor screen, the left coronary cusp will be on the right, and the noncoronary cusp will be on the left side of the screen adjacent to the interatrial septum (Fig. 1B). By slowly moving the transducer, the coronary ostia can be visualized. The area of the AV can also be measured in this view using planimetry.Figure 1.: Epicardial aortic valve (AV) short-axis (SAX) view (transthoracic echocardiographic parasternal AV SAX equivalent). A, Porcine anatomic specimen demonstrating ultrasound transducer oriented above AV annulus so that ultrasound beam can be aligned in SAX plane to AV. B, When orientation marker (indentation) on transducer is pointed toward patient's left, right coronary cusp (R) will be at top of monitor screen, left coronary cusp (L) will be on right, and noncoronary cusp (N) will be on left side of screen adjacent to interatrial septum. PA, Pulmonary artery.Epicardial AV Long-Axis View (TTE Suprasternal AV Long-Axis Equivalent) The epicardial AV long-axis (LAX) view is obtained from the epicardial AV SAX view by positioning the probe upward along the right-sided surface of the aortic root with the orientation marker slightly rotated clockwise and directed to the patient's left. The ultrasound beam is directed posteriorly to visualize the left ventricular (LV) outflow tract (LVOT) and AV (Fig. 2). This view can be used to determine LVOT, aortic annulus, and sinotubular junction diameters. Furthermore, the LAX orientation provided by this view permits optimal alignment of a continuous wave and pulse wave Doppler ultrasound beam, to measure pressure gradients across the AV and LVOT. Similarly, color flow Doppler interrogation of the AV can be used to grade the degree of aortic insufficiency.Figure 2.: Epicardial aortic (AO) valve (AV) long-axis (LAX) view (transthoracic echocardiographic suprasternal AV LAX equivalent). A, Porcine anatomic specimen demonstrating ultrasound transducer oriented along AO root, and directing ultrasound beam posteriorly to visualize left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) and AV. B, AV and LVOT are well visualized. PA, Pulmonary artery.Epicardial LV Basal SAX View (TTE Modified Parasternal Mitral Valve Basal SAX Equivalent) The epicardial LV basal SAX view is obtained from the epicardial AV SAX position by moving the probe toward the apex along the right ventricle (RV) with the transducer orientation marker again directed toward the patient's left (Fig. 3A). This view will approximate what will be achieved with a right parasternal TTE imaging plane, and shows more of the RV and tricuspid valve than the standard left parasternal TTE orientation (Fig. 3B). The RV will be on top in the near field and the LV below it in the far field of the ultrasound beam sector. The mitral valve (MV) annulus is well visualized in this view with its typical "fish mouth" appearance. The MV anterolateral commissure will be on the right and the posteromedial commissure will be on the left of the screen. The anterior leaflet will appear on the top of the screen and the posterior leaflet will be underneath. The epicardial LV basal SAX view can be used to evaluate the anterior and posterior leaflets of the MV in 2-dimensional imaging. Color flow Doppler can also be used to determine the origin of mitral regurgitation jets and obtain an estimate of the regurgitant orifice area. Finally, basal LV regional wall motion can be assessed using the same LV wall orientation as seen in the epicardial LV mid-SAX view discussed below.Figure 3.: Epicardial left ventricle (LV) basal short-axis (SAX) view (transthoracic echocardiographic modified parasternal mitral valve [MV] basal SAX equivalent). A, Porcine anatomic specimen demonstrating proper probe positioning for developing epicardial LV basal SAX view. B, MV annulus is well visualized with its typical "fish mouth" appearance. MV anterior leaflet (AL) appears on top of screen and posterior leaflet (PL) is underneath. When transducer orientation marker is directed toward patient's left, MV anterolateral commissure will be on right and posteromedial commissure will be on left of screen. RV, Right ventricle.Epicardial LV Mid-SAX View (TTE Parasternal LV Mid-SAX Equivalent) Repositioning or angulating the probe inferiorly and to the left from the epicardial LV basal SAX view in an apical direction along the RV myocardial surface allows visualization of the RV and LV in SAX at the level of the papillary muscles and the LV apex (Fig. 4A). When the transducer orientation marker faces the patient's left, the anterolateral papillary muscle will be on the right side of the display and the posteromedial papillary muscle will be on the left side. The septal wall of the LV will be displayed on the left followed by the anterior, lateral, and inferior walls, respectively, in a clockwise rotation (Fig. 4B). The RV can be evaluated similarly by moving the transducer further toward the patient's right. LV and RV areas, global LV function, and LV regional wall motion can all be evaluated with this view.Figure 4.: Epicardial left ventricle (LV) mid short-axis (SAX) view (transthoracic echocardiographic parasternal LV mid-SAX equivalent). A, Porcine anatomic specimen demonstrating proper epicardial probe positioning toward right ventricle apex for developing epicardial LV mid-SAX view. B, With transducer orientation marker directed toward patient's left, LV anterolateral papillary muscle will be on right and posteriomedial papillary muscle will be on left of ultrasound sector displayed on monitor. Septal (S) wall of LV is displayed on left followed by anterior (A), lateral (L), and inferior (I) walls, respectively, in clockwise rotation.Epicardial LV LAX View (TTE Parasternal LAX Equivalent) From the epicardial LV mid-SAX view, the ultrasound beam can be angled superiorly and rotated toward the patient's right shoulder to generate the epicardial LV LAX view as depicted in Figure 5A. This view allows visualization of the inferolateral and anteroseptal walls of the LV and the RV, left atrium (LA), LVOT, AV, and MV (Figs. 5B and C). Color Doppler interrogation of the AV and MV is possible in this view. A rightward orientation of the beam allows evaluation of the right atrium and tricuspid valve (not shown). Further probe manipulation also permits spectral Doppler of the tricuspid valve. Hence, this view is useful for diagnosing and quantifying aortic, mitral, and tricuspid regurgitation. The interventricular septum can also be evaluated for ventricular septal defects, LVOT obstruction, or systolic anterior motion of the MV.Figure 5.: Epicardial left ventricle (LV) long-axis (LAX) view (transthoracic echocardiographic parasternal LAX equivalent). A, Porcine anatomic specimen demonstrating proper probe positioning with ultrasound beam angled superiorly and toward patients left shoulder to obtain epicardial LV LAX view. B, Porcine anatomic specimen with resected anterior ventricular wall demonstrating visualization of LV and right ventricle (RV), left atrium (LA), LV outflow tract (LVOT), interventricular septum (IVS), aortic valve (AV), and mitral valve (MV). C, Corresponding epicardial LV LAX echocardiographic view.Epicardial 2-Chamber View (TTE Modified Parasternal LAX Equivalent) From the epicardial LV LAX view, movement of the probe toward the anterior surface of the LV and further rotation of the transducer clockwise from the parasternal LAX view as described above will develop the epicardial 2-chamber view, permitting evaluation of the LA, LA appendage, MV, and LV (Fig. 6). Pathology that can be assessed in this view includes LA masses, and abnormalities in LA size, MV anatomy, and MV leaflet motion. Finally, regional wall motion of the basal and mid segments of the anterior and inferior LV walls can also be obtained. This view is the most difficult to consistently obtain unless the LV is dilated.Figure 6.: Epicardial 2-chamber view (transthoracic echocardiographic modified parasternal long-axis [LAX] equivalent). A, Porcine anatomic specimen demonstrating proper probe positioning with ultrasound transducer rotated 90 degrees from epicardial left ventricle (LV) LAX view to obtain epicardial 2-chamber view. B, Porcine anatomic specimen with resected anterior ventricular wall demonstrating left atrium (LA), mitral valve (MV), and LV. To completely eliminate right ventricle, transducer must be place directly on LV, which is possible only in patients with severe LV dilation (not shown). C, Corresponding epicardial 2-chamber echocardiographic image in patient with LV dilation.Epicardial RV Outflow Tract View (TTE Parasternal SAX Equivalent) The epicardial RV outflow tract view is developed by moving the transducer over the RV outflow tract and directing the ultrasound beam toward the patients left shoulder (Fig. 7). The RV outflow tract, pulmonic valve, and proximal main pulmonary artery can be visualized. Orienting a spectral Doppler beam parallel to blood flow permits the evaluation of chamber pressures and quantification of pulmonic stenosis. Color flow Doppler can also be used to evaluate pulmonic regurgitation or stenosis. Finally, this view is also useful for diagnosing a proximal pulmonary embolism or assisting with positioning a pulmonary artery catheter.Figure 7.: Epicardial right ventricular (RV) outflow tract (RVOT) view (transthoracic echocardiographic parasternal short-axis equivalent). A, Porcine anatomic specimen with resected anterior ventricular wall demonstrating proper probe positioning for developing epicardial RV inflow tract/RVOT view. B, RVOT, pulmonic valve (PV), proximal main pulmonary artery, and aortic valve (AV) can be visualized.CONCLUSION As the population of patients with complex cardiac surgical conditions and increasing comorbidity becomes more prevalent, there will be a greater and perhaps more important role for experienced perioperative echocardiographers, who should assume the responsibility of acquiring advanced echocardiographic cognitive and technical skills. The most recent recommendations by the ASE and SCA Task Force Guidelines for Training in Perioperative Echocardiography state that advanced training includes the "ability to acquire or direct the acquisition of all necessary echocardiographic data including epicardial and epiaortic imaging" (5). Although intraoperative epicardial echocardiography was introduced into clinical practice in the early 1970s for the evaluation of open MV commissurotomy, its use has declined during the last decade because of the increasing availability and improved technologic design of TEE probes. The epicardial approach to a comprehensive echocardiographic examination does present certain potential limitations and disadvantages compared with TEE. Nonetheless, a fundamental understanding of the skills required to obtain and interpret images as suggested in these guidelines for performing a comprehensive epicardial examination may be an advantageous adjunct or even a substitute when TEE probe insertion is contraindicated or cannot be performed. Epicardial echocardiography may also provide the best balance between safety and the efficient acquisition of vital information necessary to optimize the perioperative treatment of patients who are critically ill.

BackgroundQuality of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills may influence out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) outcomes. We analyzed how the level of CPR training related to indicators of good CPR quality and also the relationship between self-reported skills and actual CPR performance.MethodsTwo hundred thirty-seven persons trained in standardized BLS curricula were divided into three groups according to the level of training: group I (40 h basic first aid training), group II, and group III (96 h advanced first aid, group III had also some limited additional life support training courses). We recorded the participants’ real-life CPR experience and self-reported CPR skills, and then assessed selected CPR quality indicators on a manikin. The data were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression. Differences between groups were analyzed with ANOVA/MANOVA.ResultsOut of 237 participants, 125 had basic training (group I), 84 reported advanced training (group II), and 28 advanced training plus additional courses (group III). Group II and III had shorter start-up time, better compression depth and hand positioning, higher fraction of effective rescue ventilations, shorter hands-off time, and thus a higher chest compression fraction. Chest compression rate did not differ between groups. The participants in group I assessed their own skills and preparedness significantly lower than groups II and III both before and after the test. In addition, group III reported higher confidence in examining the critically ill patient and preparedness in doing CPR before the manikin test than both groups I and II. However, the observed differences between groups II and III in self-reported skills and preparedness were not statistically significant after the test.ConclusionAs expected, higher levels of BLS training correlated with better CPR quality. However, this study showed that ventilations and hands-on time were the components of CPR that were most affected by the level of training. Self-assessments of CPR ability correlated well to actual test performance and may have a role in probing CPR skills in students. The results may be important for BLS instructors and program developers.

The multilaterally agreed training approach for International Space Station (ISS) increments consits of three consecutive phases: Basic Training, Advanced Training, and Increment-Specific Training (Figure 4.1). The Basic Training phase, Which takes a year, is provided independently by each ISS International Partner for its astronauts.

Any business these days need a mobile application connected with central database, like E-commerce, E-Learning, Restaurant applications …etc., and in order to create a professional application -connected with backend, Restful API is needed, therefore, choose the best languages, tools and frameworks to build a mobile application in the client side, and Database, API and Dashboard in the backend is crucial. this paper proposed a model to create a Cross-platform mobile application using Flutter Framework with some packages like http to connect with API, (flutter_secure_storage) to store a token and (GetX) for state management and MVC Architectural style, beside using Laravel framework with MySQL database to build an Restful API and the dashboard in the backend, and for make a system for Rules and permissions, Spatie package has been used with Laravel, as well as use Sanctum for Authentication and Authorization system to protect the APIs with JWT, the result is build a full stack application (frontend and Backend) called (My Services), which is a kind of Ecommerce application for services only in less than one month.

The 2010 Eyjafjallajökull volcano eruption had serious consequences to civil aviation. This has initiated a lot of research on volcanic ash forecasting in recent years. For forecasting the volcanic ash transport after eruption onset, a volcanic ash transport and diffusion model (VATDM) needs to be run with Eruption Source Parameters (ESPs) such as plume height and mass eruption rate as input, and with data assimilation techniques to continuously improve the forecast. Reliable and accurate ash measurements are crucial for providing successful ash clouds advices. In the first<br/>phase of this research work, simulated aircraft-based volcanic ash measurements, will be assimilated into a transport model to identify the potential benefit of this kind of observations in an assimilation system. The results show that assimilating aircraft-based measurements can improve the state of ash clouds, and can provide an improved forecast. We also show that for an advice on the aeroplane flying level, aircraft-based measurements should preferably be taken at this level. Furthermore<br/>it is shown that in order to make an acceptable advice for aviation decision makers, accurate knowledge about uncertainties of ESPs and measurements is of great importance.<br/><br/>The forecast accuracy of distal volcanic ash clouds is important for providing valid aviation advice during volcanic ash eruptions. However, because the distal part of a volcanic ash plume is far from the volcano, the influence of eruption information on this part becomes rather indirect and uncertain, resulting in inaccurate volcanic ash forecasts in these distal areas. In this thesis, we use real-life aircraft in situ observations, measured in the North-West part of Germany during the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption, in an ensemble-based data assimilation system to investigate the potential improvement on the forecast accuracy with regard to the distal volcanic ash plume. We show that the error of the analyzed volcanic ash state can be significantly reduced by assimilating real-life in situ measurements. After assimilation, it is shown that the model-based aviation advice for Germany, the Netherlands and Luxembourg can be improved. We suggest that with suitable aircrafts measuring once per day across the distal volcanic ash plume, the description and prediction of volcanic ash clouds in these areas can be improved significantly.<br/><br/>Among the data assimilation approaches, the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a well-known and popular method. A proper covariance localization strategy in the analysis step of EnKF is essential for reducing spurious covariances caused by the finite ensemble size, as shown for this application for assimilation of aircraft in situ measurements. After analyzing the characteristics of the physical forecast error covariances, we present a two-way tracking approach to define the localization matrix<br/>for covariance localization. The result shows that the Two-way-tracking Localized EnKF (TL-EnKF) effectively maintains the correctly specified physical covariances and largely reduces the spurious ones. The computational cost of TL-EnKF is also evaluated and is shown to be advantageous for both serial and parallel implementations. Compared to the commonly used distance-based covariance localization, the two-way tracking approach is shown to be more suitable. In addition, the covariance inflation approach is verified as an additional improvement to TL-EnKF to achieve more accurate results.<br/><br/>A timely prediction requires that the computations of the data assimilation system can be performed quickly (at least than the Wall-clock). We therefore investigate strategies for accelerating the data assimilation algorithm. Based on evaluations of the computational time, the analysis step of the assimilation turns out to be the most expensive part. After a study on the characteristics of the ensemble ash state, we propose a mask-state algorithm which records the sparsity information of the full ensemble state matrix and transforms the full matrix into a relatively small one. This will reduce the computational cost in the analysis step. Experimental results show the mask-state algorithm significantly speeds up the analysis step. Subsequently, the total amount of computing time for volcanic ash data assimilation is reduced to an acceptable level. The mask-state algorithm is generic and thus can be embedded in any ensemble-based data assimilation framework. Moreover, ensemble-based data assimilation with the mask-state algorithm is promising and flexible, because it implements exactly the standard data assimilation without any approximation and it realizes the satisfying performance without any change of the full model.<br/><br/>Infrared satellite measurements of volcanic ash mass loadings are often used as<br/>input observations for the assimilation scheme. However, these satellite-retrieved<br/>data are often two-dimensional (2D), and cannot easily be combined with a three-dimensional (3D) volcanic ash model to improve the volcanic ash state. By integrating available data including ash mass loadings, cloud top heights and thickness information, we propose a satellite observational operator (SOO) that translates satellite-retrieved 2D volcanic ash mass loadings to 3D concentrations at the top layer of the ash cloud. Ensemble-based data assimilation is used to assimilate the extracted measurements of ash concentrations. The results show that satellite data assimilation can force the volcanic ash state to match the satellite observations, and that it improves the forecast of the ash state. Comparison with highly accurate aircraft in situ measurements shows that the effective duration of the improved volcanic ash forecasts is about a half day.

RESTful API offers advantages in real-time data exchange, scalability, and ease of integration with other systems. This research aims to develop a web-based monitoring system using RESTful API to optimise the monitoring of direct sales targets and sales canvassers at. This system is built with Laravel framework and Agile method, focusing on ease of use and real-time data access. Tests were conducted using Apache JMeter with load scenarios of 500, 750, and 1000 users. The test results showed response times of 758 ms for 500 users, 762 ms for 750 users, and 880 ms for 1000 users, all below the target of 900 ms. The error rate was recorded at 0.00%, indicating the high reliability of the system. The throughput achieved was 90.30 requests per second for 500 users, 124.30 requests per second for 750 users, and 159.10 requests per second for 1000 users, exceeding the target of 150 requests per second. Recommendations for further development are the integration of mobile applications for accessibility and real-time monitoring of sales performance.

This research is based on the construction of signs which often used in advertising to convey message. Therefore, this research is conducted to see how the construction of signs representing myth of lifestyle in Kapal Api Special coffee advertising, “Suka Yang Hitam”version. This research uses Roland Barthes’ semiotics theory as main theory, supported by three approaches of representation theory, and Fiske’s representation theory. The method used in this research is Barthes’ semiotics with denotative, conotative, and myth as the devices. The primary data in this research is text of ad and supported with secondary data, which is the result of an interview with advertising practitioner, media and advertising culturalist, and audiences. To test the data validity, this research uses source triangulation. The main results of this research are: denotatively, Kapal Api Special coffee advertising, “Suka Yang Hitam” version only shows the brand advantages. However, in the scope of conotative, this ad shows luxurious lifestyle shifting the meaning of coffee drinking to be something that can increase social status. This ad represents myth of luxury as a modern lifestyle which is influenced by western culture ideology. Based on these findings, it will be better if the effect of this ad to audiences and other in line marketing communication tools is analyzed in the future research.

Multimodal resources and digital multimedia technologies have been modifying and remodelling social practices in any field over the last decades. In business communication, histories of business, corporate vision and mission are today instantiated by the ‘About Us’ webpage, a sort of multimodal self-portrait or short autobiography created by the company itself. From a discursive perspective, this webpage typology has always been disregarded if compared with the crucial role played by the homepage that, according to the Usability guidelines, is to present the company, its business and market value. Only recently, web marketers have focused on the strategic function the undervalued ‘About Us’ page fulfils. It has revealed itself to be a goal-oriented sales page which focuses on highlighting the most relevant credentials of a company, its brand, and on making a strong impression on potential customers. Its aim is to remodel practices of Self presentation into practices of Self branding and this process takes place thanks to the co-deployment of different semiotic resources which, in turn, make use of different digital media technologies. This contribution will show how the specialized discourses of marketing and branding are translated, or rather transducted, into multimodal artefacts, the corporate ‘About Us’ pages, and how persuasive discursive strategies are embedded in a well-defined digital text pattern. Through the analysis of a small sample of corporate ‘About Us’ pages, we will demonstrate that these pages are the loci where business reputation and corporate identity can be constructed more effectively.

This study sought to examine the pathway and barriers to attaining The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists'(RANZCP) Fellowship for those undergoing the current training program, which was implemented in November 2003. This program involved a new training structure, with basic (years 1-3) and advanced (years 4-5) requirements. All formal assessments occur during Basic Training, while either generalist or sub-specialty streams are available during Advanced Training. We assessed 3 years' intake of trainees who had commenced with the current program and have reached the minimum time to attain RANZCP Fellowship. Data were extracted from the College's database for all trainees who commenced training between December 2003 and February 2006; we analysed data on assessments, rotations, breaks in training, part-time status, and other items. The key elements evaluated were the time to complete mandatory training requirements and outcomes. For those attaining RANZCP Fellowship within this cohort, the median Training time was consistent with the structure of the 5-year training program. It was clear that the RANZCP Fellowship Training Program is flexible, because 43% of the trainees studied undertook periods of part-time training and/or breaks in training, plus a range of sub-speciality programs were commenced in the Advanced Training.

Modern smart phone on the Determinants of Customer Satisfaction Analysis In this study, the future should be the basis for the development of products to meet customers' phone makers smart. Were the factors that affect the study design, size, and ease of use of the screen, a pandemic, the application of the five items on the customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction to determine the difference between the factors in the manufacturers appeared to be factors in the design, size, ease-of-use of the screen, after-sales service, durability, pandemic, brand awareness, and application.

Simulation models are increasingly used by ecologists to study complex, ecosystem‐scale phenomena, but integrating ecosystem simulation modeling into ecology undergraduate and graduate curricula remains rare. Engaging ecology students with ecosystem simulation models may enable students to conduct hypothesis‐driven scientific inquiry while also promoting their use of systems thinking, but it remains unknown how using hands‐on modeling activities in the classroom affects student learning. Here, we developed short (3‐hr) teaching modules as part of the Macrosystems EDDIE (Environmental Data‐Driven Inquiry & Exploration) program that engage students with hands‐on ecosystem modeling in the R statistical environment. We embedded the modules into in‐person ecology courses at 17 colleges and universities and assessed student perceptions of their proficiency and confidence before and after working with models. Across all 277 undergraduate and graduate students who participated in our study, completing one Macrosystems EDDIE teaching module significantly increased students' self‐reported proficiency, confidence, and likely future use of simulation models, as well as their perceived knowledge of ecosystem simulation models. Further, students were significantly more likely to describe that an important benefit of ecosystem models was their “ease of use” after completing a module. Interestingly, students were significantly more likely to provide evidence of systems thinking in their assessment responses about the benefits of ecosystem models after completing a module, suggesting that these hands‐on ecosystem modeling activities may increase students’ awareness of how individual components interact to affect system‐level dynamics. Overall, Macrosystems EDDIE modules help students gain confidence in their ability to use ecosystem models and provide a useful method for ecology educators to introduce undergraduate and graduate students to ecosystem simulation modeling using in‐person, hybrid, or virtual modes of instruction.

Este artigo é resultado da experiência de docentes e acadêmicos de enfermagem durante uma campanha de vacinação contra a gripe, acometida pelo vírus H1N1, nos municípios de Belém e Ananindeua do Estado do Pará no contexto do Covid-19. A vivência ocorreu durante a primeira fase da campanha no período de 23 a 28 de março de 2020. Os resultados dessa campanha foram satisfatórios para a imunização. Na população idosa, a meta foi ultrapassada e atingiu 101,65% do grupo prioritário. Em relação aos profissionais da saúde, a marca também foi maior que esperada e atingiu 91,82% desse público. Com isso, essa pesquisa mostra que a vacinação contra a Influenza é uma estratégia de grande importância no sentido de maximizar o diagnóstico e o consequente tratamento da Covid-19.