Gifted Education and One Case Solution through E-Learning in Japan

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis and its relation to various determinants like dietary habits, habits related to oral health, and oral hygiene practice among private and government school children of age 6–12 years in Kanpur City. A total of 1,550 children (775 from government school and 775 from private school) were selected. Overall, 60% children presented with caries. Prevalence of caries was significantly more associated with government school children (63.1%) compared with private school children (56.9%). The mean deft scores were high in government school children (1.08 ± 1.91) compared with private school children (0.93 ± 1.53). This was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The DMFT scores were also high among government school children (0.84 ± 1.25) compared with private school children (0.67 ± 1.19). This was statistically significant (p < 0.05). On the whole, out of 1,550 children only 17.8% children presented with gingivitis, in which majority had mild form of gingivitis when compared with moderate and severe forms. The prevalence of gingivitis was relatively high among government school children (55%) compared with private school children (45%). This was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Summing up, a conclusion could be drawn that the prevalence of both dental caries and gingivitis depends on the state of the oral hygiene habits and practices, correspondingly, due to schoolchildren's knowledge of individual oral hygiene and skills.How to cite this articleSingh N, Gaur S, Kumar M, et al. Comparative Study of Dental Health Status and Its Determinants among Children Attending Government and Private Schools in Kanpur City. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(5):666–673.

This study investigated the effect of migrant children's perceived discrimination on their social adaptation and the moderating effect of their city identity. In addition, differences in the relationships among the aforementioned variables were compared across two school types in terms of public schools and privately operated migrant schools. A cluster sampling method was used to survey 410 junior high school students in China using the Social Adaptation Assessment Questionnaire, the Perceived Discrimination Questionnaire for Individuals, and the City Identity Questionnaire as measures. Results showed that perceived discrimination significantly and negatively affected the social adaptation of migrant children. The relationship between perceived discrimination and social adaptation was moderated by the city identity of migrant children in private schools but not by those in public schools. Under the condition of high or medium city identity, discrimination negatively predicts social adaptation; under the condition of low city identity, however, discrimination does not predict social adaptation. In conclusion, perceived discrimination is an important factor regarding the social adaptation of migrant children, and their relationships vary by different types of city identity and schools.

BACKGROUND:The depression, anxiety, and stress is a major educational problem among students all around the world. The purposes of this study were to determine the depression, anxiety, and stress among the high school adolescent children in public and private schools in Rangareddy district, Telangana state.MATERIALS AND METHODS:The present study was a cross-sectional study. The study sample considered 120 children from private schools and 259 children from public schools were studied. The study tool used was a questionnaire containing DASS (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale and sociodemographic characteristics. The data were expressed as proportion and mean values (Analysis of variance, independed t-test, and Pearson correlation) spatially tests were used at a significance level of P < 0.05).RESULTS:The overall prevalence of depression in children from the public school was found to be only 5%, that of anxiety was 20.8%, and that of stress was 15.8%; the overall prevalence of depression in children from private schools was found to be 1.9%, that of anxiety was 20.5%, and that of stress was 20.1%.CONCLUSION:In both schools, anxiety and atress were found to be more among study participants. Depression was observed to be less. But if they have more anxiety and stress and if not taken proper care at this point of time, it might get converted into a state of Depression.

INTRODUCTION : Good oral health is important and have major impact on peoples daily lives and activities. This study was conducted to assess dental caries, periodontal health, and malocclusion of school children aged 12 and 15 years and to compare them in government and private schools. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 12- and 15-year-old children in government and private schools was conducted in Rupendehi (Bhairahawa) Nepal. A sample of 1011 school children (both males and females) was selected by a two-stage cluster sampling method. Clinical recordings of dental caries and malocclusion were done according to World Health Organization diagnostic criteria 1997. Periodontal health was assessed by Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs index. The data collected was analyzed by SPSS versons 13. The statistical tests used were t-test and Chi-square tests.RESULTS: The prevalence of dental caries was 32.6% and 42.2% at 12 and 15 years of age, respectively. At 12 years of age, the mean decayed, missing, filled teeth were 0.62 ± 1.42 and it was 1.06 ± 2.93 at 15 years of age. Females had higher level of caries than males at both the ages. At both ages, mean of decayed teeth was statistically higher in government schools as compared with private schools. Children in government schools had significantly less number of mean filled teeth at both ages as compared with private schools. The healthy component of gingiva was present in higher percentage of children in private schools as compared with government schools at both the age groups. The prevalence of malocclusion among the 12- year-old (58.1%) was more as compared with that among the 15-year-old (53.5%).CONCLUSION: The caries experience of 12 and 15 years old children was low but the prevalence of gingivitis and malocclusion was quite high. Effective oral health promotion strategies need to be implemented to improve the oral health of school children further in Rupendehi District , Bhairahawa, Nepal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i3.11822 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.2(3) 2014: 15-19

To relate height, weight and body mass index (BMI) of prepubertal children in Sagamu, Nigeria, to parental socio-economic class (SEC). Cross-sectional study of 1606 children aged 5-11years from eight public and eight private primary schools. Height, weight and BMI from 1557 prepubertal children were standardized using two references: US-CDC birth cohorts 1929-1974 and Swedish birth cohort 1974. Children in private schools were taller and heavier than those in public schools (p<0.0001). Most children (73.2%) belonged to lower SEC, 17.6% to middle and 9.2% to upper. HeightSDS , weightSDS and BMISDS increased with increasing parental SEC. Upper SEC children were taller and heavier with higher BMIs than those from lower SEC (p<0.0001). HeightSDS , weightSDS and BMISDS were below '0' in all SEC and gender groups (all p<0.002). Younger children were taller and heavier than the older (p<0.0001). Fathers/mothers with higher education/occupation had taller and heavier children with higher BMI than other groups. Children in private schools were taller and heavier than children in public schools. Disparities in parental SEC still constrain optimal child growth in Nigeria: whereas height and weight of children of upper SEC were close to the US-CDC29-74 reference mean, they were still below Swedish74 reference mean representing more optimal growth.

BACKGROUND: Smoking is one of the most serious health issues among all age groups, particularly in children globally including the Gulf region. However, there are little data about the prevalence in public and private schools and determinants of smoking among adolescents in Saudi Arabia. AIM: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence, compare, and determine smoking habits among male children in public and private schools. METHOD: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Dammam city, KSA. The data were collected from 866 male children studying in public and private schools. Sample was calculated through stratified random sampling. The modified “Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS)” was used to collect information. RESULTS: The total number of children recruited was 866 (223 from private and 643 from public schools). The mean age of children studied was 14.20 ± 1.03 years in both groups. The result shows that overall 27.8% of children tried to smoke cigarette both in public and private schools. The prevalence of smoking is higher in public schools’ children than in private schools (30% vs. 21%; p = 0.005). In addition, wrong perception of comfortable feeling after smoking, easy access to cigarettes, parent’s addiction, and smoking in front of children are the determining factors. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the prevalence of cigarettes smoking among children exists in considerable proportion. It is higher in public schools children. The health and education authorities should take urgent steps to encounter this major health issue.

Prevalence of Food Allergy in New York City (NYC) School Children

Introduction: Oral health is an essential component of health throughout life. This study was done to assess the caries status, oral health behaviour and risk correlate in adolescent school children in Moradabad city, Uttar Pradesh, India. Methodology: 512 twelve year old school children (256 private and 256 government) were selected through multistage random sampling procedure. Dental caries were assessed using Decayed, Missing, Filled teeth (DMFT) / Decayed, Missing, Filled Surface (DMFS) index. Results: The mean DMFT/DMFS among private school children (1.90±1.46/3.24±3.18) was higher than the government school children (1.54±1.34/2.22±2.42) and the difference was found to be statistically significant. The study revealed that 26.95% of the private and 19.53% of the government school children brushed their teeth regularly (twice a day) with tooth brush and tooth paste. The participants also consumed sweets (34.77% of the private school children and 25% of govt. school children) and tea/coffee with sugar (61.33% of the private schoolchildren and 54.29% of the government schoolchildren) at least once in a day. Dental visits of both private and government school children were poor. Conclusion: The information obtained from the study can be used for oral health program planning for children to prevent oral disease and promoting oral health, the local health authorities should give priority to school based community-oriented oral health care services.

This study was a descriptive survey research which explored the financial management and budgeting in public and private secondary schools in South- East, Nigeria. A Researcher’s developed instrument tagged financial management and budgeting in public and private secondary schools in South –East, Nigeria (FMBPPSSSENQ) was used to collect data for the study. The instrument was a fourteen (14) item questionnaire validated by three experts. Two of these experts are from the Department of Educational Management while one is from the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, (Measurement and Evaluation option), all from the Faculty of Education, Enugu state University of science and Technology, Agbani, The reliability coefficient of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha method and an Alpha value of 0.87 was obtained indicating a high reliability of the instrument for the study. The population of the study consisted of all the 2,272 public and private secondary schools in all the states of the zones namely Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu and Imo States. This number was categorized as follows: 1,266 public secondary schools and 1,006 which were used for the study. A sample size of 340 was obtained using Taro Yamane formula and this was categorized into189 public and151 approved private secondary schools. Three states out of the five States that made up of the South East zone were randomly selected and used for the study. These states include Anambra, Ebonyi and Enugu States. Proportionate stratified random sampling technique was employed in obtaining the number of principals from each of the three states. Proportionate stratified random sampling enabled the researcher to draw respondents randomly from each stratum in such a way that the relative proportions of the strata in the resultant sample are the same as existed in the parent proportion. In addition to the use of questionnaire to seek information from the principals, an interview schedule was structured in such a way that it also sought information from the principals on the financial management and budgeting which they applied in their schools. This was chosen to seek probing information from the principals especially in the areas where it was difficult to obtain information using only the questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed using mean scores with standard deviation. t-test statistic was used to test the hypothesis at .05 level of significance. The findings of this study revealed that school budget is usually prepared ahead of every school year in public schools and principals work hand in hand with the bursar to ensure proper accountability but the reverse is the case in private schools. The findings also revealed that whereas public school principals generate funds internally to augment the government subventions, private school principals do not generate funds but rather depend on the student school fees and levies imposed on parents for their profit oriented interest. The findings that items of expenditure are listed in order of priority in public schools but not in private schools indicated that finance is better managed in public schools than in private schools. Based on these findings, it was recommended among other things that, government, proprietors and proprietresses of schools should adequately fund schools; they should organize seminars, workshops and conferences on how to generate funds internally, and how to manage funds judiciously to achieve the stated objectives of education.

In a longitudinal sample from Britain, we tested if attending private, fee-charging schools rather than non-selective state schools benefitted children's social-emotional development. State (N=2,413) and private school children (N=269) showed no differences in well-being across adolescence, but private school children reported fewer behaviour problems and greater peer victimisation over time than state schoolers. These results were independent of schools' selection criteria, including family background, and prior academic and cognitive performance. At age 21, private and state school students differed marginally in social-emotional behaviours, such as self-control, volunteering, sexual conduct, and substance use. After considering schools' selection criteria, only risk taking and age at having the first alcoholic drink differed between private and state school children, with the privately educated ones being less risk averse and drinking at younger ages than those attending state school. Our results suggest that private education adds little positive value to children's social-emotional development.

Factors Influencing Parents’ Decision in Choosing Private Schools

Background: Intestinal parasitic infection is highly prevalent among children in the tropics. Identifying the most at risk group and subsequent targeted intervention will lead to cost effective and easy to implement control programme. We thus aim to determine the prevalence and pattern of intestinal parasite among pupils from public and private schools.Material and Method: This was a cross-sectional survey. Participants were recruited through multistage stratified random sampling. Information were collected using a questionnaire and early morning freshly passed stool sample was collected and processed from each participating pupil. Stool microscopy was done using saline and iodine preparations. Eggs were counted using Stoll’s method. Data obtained was analyzed using EPI INFO version 3.5.1.Results: Four hundred and twenty pupils were studied, 210 pupils from each school type. Prevalence of 78.1% and 17.1% were recorded for the public and private schools respectively. The pupils from the public schools were 17.23 times more likely to have intestinal parasitic infestation compared to those from private schools (OR =17.23, 95% CI = 10.6-28.01, p = &lt;0.0001). Ascaris lumbricoides was the most frequent isolate in both the public (62.8%) and private (66.7%) schools. The prevalence of multiple parasitic infestation was 14.8% in the public schools and none in the private schools. Socioeconomic status and source of water were the main factors with significant effect on the prevalence of intestinal parasite (p&lt;0.0001).Conclusion: Intestinal parasitic infestation remains a very common health issue among the children particularly in the public schools. Distribution of free antiparasitic drugs to pupils at the beginning of every term should be incorporated into the school health program.Key words: Intestinal Parasites, Ascaris lumbricoides, public school, private school, socioeconomic status.

This mixed-research study, with its significant findings, not only provides a comprehensive understanding of the level of knowledge acquisition of learners, the effectiveness of MTB-MLE curriculum implementation, and factors affecting the implementation of MTB-MLE Curriculum in public and private schools in the Province of Capiz for the school year 2022-2023 but also offers practical insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers. The data on knowledge acquisition in private and public schools were gathered using an assessment test adopted from Manuel (2022). The effectiveness of the Mother Tongue-based multilingual education was measured using a researcher-made survey questionnaire. The factors affecting MTB-MLE implementation's effectiveness were determined using an FGD guide questionnaire. The study's key findings reveal that learners' knowledge acquisition level in private schools is high. In contrast, learners' overall level of knowledge acquisition in public schools is moderate. The effectiveness of MTB-MLE Curriculum implementation in private schools is moderate, and the efficacy of MTB-MLE Curriculum implementation in public schools is also moderate. There is a significant difference in knowledge acquisition between private and public schools, favoring the private schools. A similar distinction is observed in the effectiveness of MTB-MLE implementation between private and public schools, favoring public schools. No significant relationships were found between knowledge acquisition and the effectiveness of MTB-MLE curriculum implementation. Finally, the factors found influencing the implementation of MTB-MLE Curriculum were categorized into enabling factors such as awareness of learner’s language background, teacher’s ability to apply multilingual approach, relevant and learning resources, teacher’s initiative and commitment, teacher’s knowledge of the objective of MTB-MLE Curriculum, positive influence of the curriculum on the learner’s performance and parental support and involvement and the hindering factors are learner and teachers diverse language background, learner’s inadaptability to language transition, non-translatable technical concepts, difficulty of parents to follow-up, perceived lack of practicability and benefits, limited teaching and learning resources, limited teacher’s training and capability building and pandemic-related factors.

The study examined the relationship between workload of teachers and academic performance of students in some selected secondary schools in Irepodun Local Government. The study adopted correlational research design. One hundred and twenty respondents were picked at random from twelve secondary schools (six public schools and six private schools). The data was collected from respondents via questionnaire and Achievement Test in Biology. Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) was used to evaluate the data collected between private and public secondary schools; Pearson's Product Moment Correlation and t-test Analysis were used to determine the impact of instructors' workload on students' academic achievement. According to the findings, there was a strong negative relationship between teacher workload and student academic performance. It was further discovered that there was a considerable disparity between students’ academic performance in public and private secondary schools. The findings also suggested that science teachers (Including biology) should only teach in accordance with the directive of 1:35 teacher-students ratio by National Policy of Education, as a result, teachers will be able to manage with the workload's stress. It was also recommended that government and other proprietors of Kwara state under the education ministry should employ teachers adequately as likely to conquer the problem in public schools and also to advance the value of teaching-learning development in secondary schools.

To assess and compare the periodontal status and treatment needs among school children aged 12 and 15 years in public and private schools of Udaipur, India and to provide baseline data for planning and evaluation of oral health care promotion programmes. A cross-sectional descriptive survey. A survey was conducted on 900 school children aged 12 and 15 years in Udaipur. The data were collected by means of clinical examination using the CPITN index. Data was analysed using Pearson's Chi-square and student's t-test. Children aged 15 years had higher scores of healthy gingiva compared with 12 years old. Gender difference of females having better gingival health than males was seen in both age groups. Amongst the schools, children in private schools had good periodontal status in comparison to public schools. A statistically significant association between frequency of tooth brushing and CPITN scores was found among children of the 15 year old group. There is a need for a long term school oral health promotion program to sustain the healthy tissues of this growing Indian population.