Giving Meaning to Enterprise Architectures: Architecture Principles with ORM and ORC

Thе article discusses the problem of knowledge management. Meaning of the role of human resources, organizational management and information technologies in efficiency advancement of modern companies is the reason why active research of the knowledge management problem got started in the second half of 1990s. Main aim of knowledge management is to transform knowledge and experience of employees into company capital. Information technologies today are the main drive for transformation of mo¬dern businesses which is the main factor for the fourth industrial revolution INDUSTRY 4.0. This is why today’s goal model of knowledge-intensive industry enterprises contains task of IT solution creation that handles knowledge management. Aim: creating a metamodel of knowledge management system (KMS) using TOGAF methodology. Developing a KMS architecture for it to be used on industrial enterprise and higher education institution. Research methods used: complex approach and structural analysis of the process of system design using SADT (Structured Analysis and Design Technique) and TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) methodologies. Results. Developed metamodel of KMS architecture shows application of SADT and TOGAF methodologies on a given subject area in order to create knowledge ma-nagement system of industrial enterprise and higher education institution. Developed functional model describes mechanism of how knowledge is collected and formalized in form of hypertext and productional knowledge bases when conducting collaborative projects and their transfer to industries KMS. Conclusion. Developed productional rules allow integration of organizational and functional structure of enterprise and higher education institution from point of advancing IT efficiency, to create a central intelligent sphere when conducting collaborative projects, to allow knowledge collection at local knowledge management systems and to transfer this knowledge in industry enterprises.

Properly aligned business and Information Technology (IT) can provide competitive edge to an organization. In order to align business with IT, IT should fully support business operations. Enterprise Architecture (EA) can be used to support business and IT alignment. To help design such systems using EA, Enterprise Architecture Frameworks (EAF) may be used. There are frameworks to support EA, such as Zachman Framework, the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF), and The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF). They help to design, evaluate, and build the right architecture and reduce the costs of planning, designing, and implementing [8]. ArchiMate is an open and independent architecture modeling language that complements EAF for modeling and visualizing EA. Regardless of chosen EAF, conversion processes from requirements to EA using ArchiMate are not well-defined to the best of our knowledge. Goal-oriented approach is a requirement analysis technique that supports early requirements analysis, which can be used to define a process for bridging EA requirements to ArchiMate. Therefore,we propose guidelines using goal-oriented approach and then apply them to the interoperability of prescriptions in a healthcare system.KeywordsBusiness ProcessBusiness ServiceEnterprise ArchitectureBusiness ObjectBusiness FunctionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang arsitektur perusahaan di Balai Penerapan Standar Instrumen Pertanian (BPSIP) dengan menggunakan metode TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) Architecture Development Method (ADM). Sebagai lembaga pemerintah, BPSIP menghadapi tantangan dalam pengelolaan sistem informasi yang terpisah, mengakibatkan rendahnya efisiensi operasional dan hambatan dalam pengambilan keputusan berbasis data. Penelitian ini menerapkan fase perencanaan dan desain dalam TOGAF ADM untuk merancang solusi yang komprehensif. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam integrasi sistem dan efisiensi operasional, serta memberikan kerangka kerja yang aplikatif bagi BPSIP. Kontribusi penelitian ini mencakup panduan implementasi yang dapat diadaptasi oleh lembaga pemerintah lainnya. Temuan ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya keselarasan antara strategi bisnis dan teknologi informasi dalam meningkatkan kinerja organisasi.</p>

As the growth rate of the retail industry in Indonesia continues to increase, leveraging information technology (IT) to support business operations has become increasingly crucial for achieving effectiveness and efficiency. Retail companies must manage interconnected business systems, such as inventory management, supply chain, e-commerce, and customer service. Without a clear architecture, integrating these systems becomes challenging, leading to operational inefficiencies, difficulties in decision-making, and an inability to respond quickly to market trends. A comprehensive Enterprise Architecture (EA) is therefore essential for managing all core processes within a company. Implementing EA using the TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) methodology is an optimal choice, as it is widely recognized and adopted. Technology Architecture, Data Architecture, Application Architecture, and Business Architecture are the four primary domains of TOGAF. Business Architecture improves cross-departmental integration and streamlines Business Process, while Application Architecture facilitates automation and optimizes application systems for more efficient operations. Data Architecture focuses on structured data management, ensuring accurate and accessible information for decision-making. Meanwhile, technology architecture provides a flexible and adaptable technological infrastructure that responds to business changes. By implementing Enterprise Architecture (EA) through TOGAF ADM, the retail industry can streamline Business Process, integrate various systems, adopt new technologies, and optimize the supply chain more effectively. This approach not only enhances operational efficiency but also strengthens competitiveness in the retail sector by fostering innovation and providing responsive services.

Despite its growth and resilience over the last decades, the cruise industry faces significant challenges in its strategic, operational, and technology domains. The unique complexity of the industry requires cruise companies to adopt a structured approach to enterprise transformation. To address this problem, this aims to provide an Enterprise Architecture (EA) blueprint for the cruise industry. Using a case study of a leading cruise line, CruiseX, this study analyzes the operational model of the cruise line and apply two industry-leading standards: The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) and the ArchiMate modelling language. This study applies the four core phases of TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM) from the initial phase of Architecture Vision (Phase A), through the definition of Business Architecture, Information System Architecture, and Technology Architecture (Phase B to D). The ArchiMate language is utilized to visualize the core business processes, information systems, and technology architecture. By using TOGAF ADM as the technical guidelines and ArchiMate as the modeling language, the result of this study is a blueprint of core business processes, application and data that support each business processes, and the underlying technology infrastructure, that provides a structured framework and serves as an actionable tool for implementing enterprise architecture in cruise industry. This research also extends the application of TOGAF and ArchiMate to the under-research cruise industry domain. The study’s limitations include the reliance on publicly available data, the limited scope of business processes, and the lacks of practitioner validation, suggesting clear directions for future research.

Management of student assessments in Islamic boarding schools, especially at the Madrasah I’dadiyah level, is still largely manual and fragmented, making it difficult to monitor students’ academic development and character effectively (Hidayat, 2019). This study aims to design an Enterprise Architecture for the student assessment system using the TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) method, known as a standard framework for structured enterprise architecture design (The Open Group, 2018; Lankhorst, 2017). The research approach was carried out through a case study at the Madrasah I’dadiyah Islamic Boarding School Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Sukorejo, which combines business needs analysis, application architecture design, data, and technology (Erl, Khattak, & Buhler, 2017; Nurhadi & Susanto, 2020). The results of the study indicate that the application of TOGAF ADM can produce an integrated system architecture, enabling more efficient, accurate, and easily accessible assessment data management by Islamic boarding school managers. The proposed system also supports data-driven decision-making, facilitates the evaluation of students' academic and moral development, and strengthens educational management within the I'dadiyah environment. This research contributes to the development of an enterprise architecture-based educational information system in Islamic boarding schools.

Despite the promising application of cloud computing within government organisations, determining the barriers to the successful implementation of cloud computing remains a major challenge. Often, government organisations face formidable barriers to fully adopting cloud computing functions. These barriers include organisational culture issues, a weak application of service-level agreements (SLAs), compliance issues, interoperability and integration issues, the lack of an organisational strategy, cost calculation methods, cloud service availability, and cloud data security and privacy, as well as insufficient trust in providers. Tackling these barriers while meeting the specifications of government cloud computing involves architectural requirements and mechanisms. In addition, the nature of cloud ecosystem operation and its alignment with appropriate strategies are known to be complex, also considering the growing desire for governance solutions. Although researchers and organisations have recognised cloud computing obstacles prior to the cloud implementation stage, fewer efforts have been made to investigate cloud barriers in-depth during and after cloud implementation projects or when introducing governance solutions. This might partly be attributable to inadequate enterprise requirements for addressing cloud barriers, the complexity of government cloud specifications, and the lack of involvement by cloud stakeholders, such as providers and consumers. Thus, the aim of this dissertation is to develop a governance method consisting of the generation and testing of architectural requirements to overcome dominant cloud barriers and improve cloud computing functionalities in the implementation stage. To achieve this, the roles of related cloud providers and consumers have been investigated. The study was guided by activities of The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) Architecture Development Method (ADM) to design related architectural requirements that would provide best practices for the development of the governance method. Using a sequential, exploratory mixed method, multiple qualitative case studies on the role of cloud providers were conducted to explore which and how architectural requirements are suitable and applicable for addressing the identified cloud barriers. Afterwards, a quantitative survey study was performed to examine and validate the findings from the qualitative phase and to discover the role of cloud consumers in tackling cloud barriers. The utilisation of dual perspectives, from cloud providers and consumers, to design and measure the suitability and applicability of the architectural requirements is a substantial theoretical contribution in the field of enterprise information systems and cloud governance. Both cloud providers and consumers in the selected research context balanced their roles in the composition of cloud ecosystem projects, reducing complexity and enabling cooperative solutions for handling cloud barriers with different levels of emphasis and prioritisation. The results of this thesis provide significant guidance in eliciting architectural requirements as well as in their successful contribution to addressing the 10 identified cloud barriers in the selected context. Seeking a cloud provider’s perspective through multiple case studies resulted in 24 confirmed, newly emerged architectural requirements and 48 sub-requirements for best practices to support Information Technology (IT) managers and practitioners during the implementation of government cloud projects. From the point of view of the cloud service consumer, statistical evidence showed that the architectural requirements proved to be relevant and applicable and resulted in the validation of only eight important cloud constructs with a scale of 36 architectural requirements. The results at the governance level also produced a clear method that can enhance the realisation of value when business/IT strategies and EA governance practices both take place in cloud projects. The governance method also consists of a set of architectural requirements to support managing and controlling cloud computing implementation projects with related stakeholders and change management initiatives. The architectural requirements have been modelled via the ArchiMate 3.0 modelling language as unique and beneficial contributions for the enhancement of enterprise architecture practices. This thesis thereby introduces a novel cloud governance method with clear mechanisms and practices to serve as crucial resources for related organisations, decision-makers, business practitioners and researchers.

As an administrative area under the Sub-District, Kelurahan Dampit does not yet have an information system and information technology that supports its activities, such as technical administration for all activities inside Kelurahan Dampit, reporting and monitoring of monitoring of community activities, administration of correspondence, population registration, inventory of problems related to community services, manufacturing report on the implementation of duties and filing. Therefore, it is necessary to plan an enterprise architecture to increase the effectiveness of work in public services, reporting, monitoring and managing the internal functions of the Kelurahan. This study discusses the planning of enterprise architecture in Kelurahan Dampit using the TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) framework with the ADM (Architecture Development Method) method as a method used for guidance or tools to plan, design, develop and implement information system architecture. This enterprise architecture planning will produce a business architecture blueprint that describes business processes, an application architecture that describes application design and interactions with other related applications, a data architecture that describes data storage, management and access, a technology architecture that describes the supporting hardware and software application infrastructure as well as the roadmap for implementing the application for Kelurahan Dampit.

Salemba Group Guidance Group (SG) is an institution engaged in the field of education consultants and tutoring. investment of Bimbel SG on SI / TI body has not been effective, this can be seen from the failure of eCors system implementation caused by lack of careful planning of the system, the system development is still adhoc, and not done by experts. This leads to a kuangnya planning on the development of SI / IT, resulting in unconformity between the strategy of SI / IT with its business strategy. In developing SI / IT, a mature architectural plan is required to plan and manage SI / IT, in order to avoid recurrence of failures in system management. Based on existing facts, an enterprise architecture planning for data management, application, and technology was established, with the aim of assisting Bimbel SG in achieving its objectives. In this research, enterprise architecture planning is made using TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) with ADM (Architecture Develoment Method) method. This enterprise architecture planning will result in blueprint business architecture, application architecture, data architecture, technology architecture, gap analysis on each architecture, and roadmap of application implementation for Bimbel SG.

Open Dependability through Assuredness (O-DA), thereby introducing the assurance case and the corresponding support tools. ArchiMate provides Enterprise Architecture (EA) models to describe Business, Application and Technology Architectures. This paper is an approach to describe the dependability and constructing an architecture case for the need to change and update a Healthcare Information System using O-DA and identifying changes, risks and requirements with TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) and Archimate.

In carrying out its activities, SMK PGRI 35 Solokan Jeruk still has difficulties in managing information related to school information systems, so it is necessary to strive for better management of information systems, one of the efforts is through information systems by utilizing computer-based information technology. The purpose of this study is to recommend the development of a school information system architecture in order to achieve success in business process activities that exist within the organization. For the analysis of architectural planning using The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) method, where there are seven stages carried out in this thesis namely primary, Requirements Management, Architecture Vision, Business Architecture, Information System Architecture, Technology Architecture, Opportunities Solution and Migration Planning. This research produces a principles for creating enterprise architecture, the architectural vision is created. Then produce a blueprint (blueprint) design of the main architecture.

Designing IT Personnel Hard Competencies Model in the Enterprise Architecture Case Study: Forestry Research and Development Agency of Indonesia

Islamic boarding school is a place of learning in which there are very many facilities and services. Good mastery of language, creativity, religion, leadership and all kinds of knowledge must already exist in the boarding school. The current condition of many Islamic boarding schools does not yet have a specific and integrated information system architecture in Islamic boarding schools in accordance with the needs and objectives of Islamic boarding schools, the cause is because Islamic boarding schools have not yet focused on the process of developing their information systems. Therefore we need an information system in Islamic boarding school. In this study the author raised the information system design of Islamic boarding school by using TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) with the Architecture Development Method (ADM) method. The output that can be achieved from the design of Islamic Boarding School Information System is to produce a model and basic framework (blue print) in developing integrated boarding school information systems to support the needs of Islamic Boarding Schools.

Utilization of information systems or technology in an organization is needed to improve organizational efficiency. This relates to the rapid development of information systems or technology that affect the ongoing business processes. The effectiveness is in the form of aligning business strategy with information system strategy and business transformation. However, the dilemma faced especially in Government agencies such as the Balikpapan City Department of Transportation is how to align business strategies and information systems strategies that will be used so as to achieve organizational goals. Responding to the problem, it is necessary to align between the business needs of the organization and the needs of the application to support the vision and mission to be achieved by the Balikpapan City Department of Transportation. This can be achieved by using the framework of The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) which provides a detailed method of how to build, manage and implement an enterprise architecture known as the Architecture Development Method (ADM), hereafter referred to as TOGAF ADM. This research produces a mapping of business needs and application needs to support the vision and mission to be achieved through the information systems or technology architecture design including business architecture modeling, information system architecture, and technology architecture on the Balikpapan City Department of Transportation.

Digital transformation in higher education institutions demands integration between information technology, organizational culture, and adaptive leadership. This study aims to analyze the configuration of leadership styles in supporting The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) based information system architecture at Jenderal Achmad Yani University (UNJANI), a tertiary institution under the TNI Army Foundation which is building a transformation towards a Smart Military University. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, relying on data from in depth interviews, participant observation and institutional documentation. The research results show that the success of digital transformation in UNJANI is supported by a combination of four leadership styles: military leadership (emphasizing discipline and command), transformational leadership (focusing on vision and empowerment), distributed leadership (emphasizing collaboration and collective decisions), and e-leadership (utilization of information technology in leadership). These four styles play a role in various phases of TOGAF, especially in Architecture Vision, Business Architecture, and Implementation Governance. This study shows that contextual, flexible, and values based leadership is a key factor in the success of information systems architecture in higher education environments.