GpuSPHASE—A shared memory caching implementation for 2D SPH using CUDA (new version announcement)

In this paper, we propose a novel GPU-friendly algorithm for the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulation for weakly compressible fluids. The major goal of our algorithm is to implement a GPU-based SPH simulation that can simulate and render a large number of particles at interactive speed. Additionally, our algorithm exhibits the following three features. Firstly, our algorithm supports adaptive sampling of the fluids. Particles can be split into several sub-particles in geometrically complex regions to provide a more accurate simulation. At the same time, nearby particles deep inside the fluids are merged to a single particle to reduce the number of particles. Secondly, the fluids are visualized by directly computing the intersection between ray and an isosurface defined by the surface particles. A dynamic particle grouping algorithm and equation solver are employed to quickly find the ray-isosurface intersection. Thirdly, based on the observation that the SPH simulation is a naturally parallel algorithm, the whole SPH simulation, including the adaptive sampling of the fluids as well as surface particle rendering, is executed on the GPU to fully utilize the computational power and parallelism of modern graphics hardware. Our experimental data shows that we can simulate about 50K adaptively sampled particles, or up to 120K particles in the fixed sampling case at a rate of approximately 20 time steps per second.

We investigate nucleosynthesis in tidal disruption events (TDEs) of white dwarfs (WDs) by intermediate-mass black holes. We consider various types of WDs with different masses and compositions by means of three-dimensional (3D) smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations. We model these WDs with different numbers of SPH particles, N, from a few 104 to a few 107 in order to check mass resolution convergence, where SPH simulations with N > 107 (or a space resolution of several 106 cm) have unprecedentedly high resolution in this kind of simulation. We find that nuclear reactions become less active with increasing N and that these nuclear reactions are excited by spurious heating due to low resolution. Moreover, we find no shock wave generation. In order to investigate the reason for the absence of a shock wave, we additionally perform one-dimensional (1D) SPH and mesh-based simulations with a space resolution ranging from 104 to 107 cm, using a characteristic flow structure extracted from the 3D SPH simulations. We find shock waves in these 1D high-resolution simulations, one of which triggers a detonation wave. However, we must be careful of the fact that, if the shock wave emerged in an outer region, it could not trigger the detonation wave due to low density. Note that the 1D initial conditions lack accuracy to precisely determine where a shock wave emerges. We need to perform 3D simulations with ≲106 cm space resolution in order to conclude that WD TDEs become optical transients powered by radioactive nuclei.

SummaryMultiphase flows are critical components of many physical systems; however, numerical models of multiphase flows with large parameter gradients can be challenging. Here, two different numerical methods, volume of fluid (VOF) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), are used to model the buoyant rise of isolated gas bubbles through quiescent fluids for a range of Bond and Reynolds numbers. The VOF is an Eulerian grid–based method, whereas the SPH is Lagrangian and mesh free. Each method has unique strengths and weaknesses, and a comparison of the two approaches as applied to multiphase phenomena has not previously been performed. The VOF and SPH simulations are compared, verified, and validated. Results using two‐dimensional VOF and SPH simulations are similar to each other and are able to reproduce numerical benchmarks and experimental results for sufficiently large Morton and Reynolds numbers. It is also shown that at low Reynolds numbers, the two methods, SPH and VOF, diverge in the transient regime of the bubble rise. Regimes that require simulations capable of representing three‐dimensional drag are identified as well as regimes in which results from VOF and SPH diverge.

Application of smoothed particle hydrodynamics to the simulation of multiphase flow in complex fracture apertures

A novel method for modeling of complex wall geometries in smoothed particle hydrodynamics

Modelling of metal forging using SPH

Liquid sloshing is a common phenomenon in the transporting of liquid tanks. Liquid waves lead to fluctuating forces on the tank wall. If these fluctuations are not predicted or controlled, they can lead to large forces and momentum. Baffles can control liquid sloshing fluctuations. One numerical method, widely used to model the liquid sloshing phenomena is Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). Because of its Lagrangian nature, SPH is suitable for simulating free surface flow. In the present study, a relatively accurate Incompressible SPH (ISPH) method improved by kernel gradient correction tensors, particle shifting algorithms, turbulence viscosity calculations, and free surface particle detectors is applied for the free surface flow modeling. In comparison to the other SPH Simulations and experimental data, these results show that the present algorithm is effective for simulating free surface problems. The present algorithm has been applied to simulate liquid sloshing phenomena, while the aim of this study is the investigation of vertical and horizontal baffle effects on the control and damping of liquid sloshing. Results show that for vertical baffles, baffle size has a major role in sloshing fluctuation damping. For horizontal baffles, also including size, the baffle base position has a significant role in liquid sloshing fluctuation damping. When horizontal baffle is near the free surface, sloshing fluctuation-damping increases.

Simulation of flow and mixing for highly viscous fluid in a twin screw extruder with a conveying element using parallelized smoothed particle hydrodynamics

This paper is concerned with the smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH) simulation of shear flow and the recent claim by Imaeda & Inutsuka that SPH has a fundamental flaw that is revealed by shear flow simulations. In order to clarify the SPH simulations, we study several representative shear flows. First, to compare against realistic exact time-dependent solutions, we simulate steady, periodic, low Mach number, inviscid shear flow in rectangular domains and the time-dependent, viscous, low Mach number evolution of both Couette flow in a rectangular domain and axisymmetric spin-down in a cylinder. These simulations are in good agreement with exact solutions. Secondly, to determine how well SPH simulates astrophysical discs, we simulate a differentially rotating, adiabatic, self-gravitating disc using as initial states variablemass particles on a lattice, equal-mass particles on rings and on a lattice, and particles placed at random. The results show that the SPH results agree well with theory and are independent of the initial particle setup provided they are settled to equilibrium. Thirdly, we simulate a thin, two-dimensional, gaseous torus orbiting a gravitating mass and show that it is stable for at least the time integrated, and that when strongly perturbed the motion conserves circulation. None of these systems shows the huge density fluctuations found by Imaeda & Inutsuka. The flaw in the argument of Imaeda & Inutsuka may be the way they set up the initial configurations, but this is not certain because they do not describe their initial setup in sufficient detail to allow their simulations to be repeated. The conclusions of the present paper are in agreement with those obtained recently by Price, who simulated some of the systems considered by Imaeda & Inutsuka and found that the SPH results were in good agreement with theory. Ke yw ords: hydrodynamics ‐ methods: N-body simulations.

The simulation of nano-scratching on metallic substrates using smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) has been attempted by researchers in recent years. From a review of the existing SPH simulations of nano-scratching processes, it was found that mainly two different material constitutive models (i.e., the Johnson–Cook model and the elasto-plastic model) were employed to describe the material flow. In the majority of these investigations, the Johnson–Cook model was employed to characterise the stress flow of the material subjected to scratching. A natural question remains as to which material constitutive model is preferable for the SPH modelling of nano-scratching when quantitatively predicting the process outcomes. In this paper, a quantitative comparison of material responses during the nano-scratching of copper is reported when the process is simulated using SPH with two different constitutive material models, namely the Johnson–Cook and the elasto-plastic models. In particular, the simulated cutting and normal forces as well as the machined topography using both approaches are compared with the experimental work reported in the literature. The SPH-based simulation results in this paper are investigated based on the following three aspects: (a) cutting and normal forces with different material models and depths of the cut, (b) the effect of the cutting speed on forces and its dependence on adopted material models, and (c) the effect of adopted material models on the surface topography of machined nano-grooves. The SPH simulation results showed that using the Johnson–Cook material model, cutting and normal forces were closer to the experimental data compared to the results obtained with the elasto-plastic model. The results also showed that the cross-sectional profile of simulated nano-grooves using the Johnson–Cook model was closer to the experimental results. Overall, this paper shows that the selection of the Johnson–Cook model is preferable for the SPH modelling of the nano-scratching process.

The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was employed to simulate the heat transfer process in porous media at the pore scale. The effective thermal conductivity of a porous medium can be predicted through a simulation experiment of SPH. The accuracy of the SPH simulation experiment was verified by comparing the predicted values with reference values for ideal homogeneous media and multiphase layered media. 3D simulation experiments were implemented in granular media generated by the PFC method. Based on the SPH framework, a concise method was proposed to produce unsaturated media by simulating the wetting process in dry media. This approach approximates the formation of liquid bridges and water films on granules. Through simulation experiments, the empirical formula of the variation in thermal conductivity with the degree of saturation was tested. The results showed that the reciprocal of the normalized thermal conductivity and the reciprocal of the saturation are linearly related, which is in line with the empirical formula proposed by Cote and Konrad.

The artificial viscosity has been widely used in reducing unphysical oscillations in the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations. However, the effects of artificial viscosity on the SPH simulation of sound interference have not been discussed in existing literatures. This paper analyzes the effects and gives some suggestions on the choice of computational parameters of the artificial viscosity in the sound interference simulation. First, a standard SPH code for simulating sound interference in the time domain is built by solving the linearized acoustic wave equations. Second, the Monaghan type artificial viscosity is used to optimize the SPH simulation. Then the SPH codes with and without the artificial viscosity are both used to simulate the sound interference and the numerical solutions are compared with the theoretical results. Finally, different values of computational parameters of the artificial viscosity are used in the simulation in order to determine the appropriate values. It turns out that the numerical solutions of SPH simulation of sound interference agree well with the theoretical results. The artificial viscosity can improve the accuracy of the sound interference simulation. The appropriate values of computational parameters of the artificial viscosity are recommended in this paper.

Sloshing in a rectangular tank based on SPH simulation

Accounting for the Reynolds number is critical in numerical simulations of turbulence, particularly for subsonic flow. For smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) with constant artificial viscosity coefficient α, it is shown that the effective Reynolds number in the absence of explicit physical viscosity terms scales linearly with the Mach number — compared to mesh schemes, where the effective Reynolds number is largely independent of the flow velocity. As a result, SPH simulations with α= 1 will have low Reynolds numbers in the subsonic regime compared to mesh codes, which may be insufficient to resolve turbulent flow. This explains the failure of Bauer & Springel to find agreement between the moving-mesh code arepo and the gadget SPH code on simulations of driven, subsonic (v∼ 0.3cs) turbulence appropriate to the intergalactic/intracluster medium, where it was alleged that SPH is somehow fundamentally incapable of producing a Kolmogorov-like turbulent cascade. We show that turbulent flow with a Kolmogorov spectrum can be easily recovered by employing standard methods for reducing α away from shocks.

SPH Analysis of Free Surface Flow over Pivot Weirs