Granulation time in fluidized bed granulators

Fuzzy Modelling and Dynamic Simulation of a Fluidised Bed Granulator

Granulation of an insoluble powder in a spouted bed

Chapter 7 - Advanced multiphase hybrid model development of fluidized bed wet granulation processes

1. During the rotation granulation process, ZrC-W cermet powders of larger specific surface form, other things being equal, spherical granules of smaller size. 2. As the wetting liquid (dibutyl phthalate) content of the powder is increased from 0.1 to 0.6 wt.%, the mean granule size decreases almost linearly; with further increase in dibutyl content, from 0.6 to 0.9%, the granules continue to increase slightly in size if the granulation time does not exceed 2 h. 3. The granule size increases with increase in granulation time. 4. Variation in powder charge weight in the range 40–200 g has virtually no effect upon the rate of granule growth. 5. The density of sintered granules grows with decrease in granule size. The apparent and tap densities of sintered granules and their flowability are independent of their size (for 300 to 80μ fractions).

Process analytical tools for monitoring, understanding, and control of pharmaceutical fluidized bed granulation: A review

Impact of Different Dry and Wet Granulation Techniques on Granule and Tablet Properties: A Comparative Study

Tablets are the most frequently employed dosage form. Their advantage lies in their availability, easy administration, good stability, and low price. The easiest technology to produce tablets is direct compression, even though the use of the method requires overcoming many obstacles, mainly related to content uniformity and variation of mass, disintegration, dissolution, and radial hardness of tablets. “Co-processed excipients”, containing commonly processed blends of fillers, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, and other excipients are more and more widely used nowadays. These mixtures are manufactured by various technologies, chiefly by spray-drying, fluid bed granulation, wet granulation, melt granulation, dry granulation, and co-crystallisation. This review article lists excipients used usually to constitute co-processed excipients, technologies, and commercially available co-processed excipients for direct compression.

Co-processed excipients may enhance functionality and reduce drawbacks of traditional excipients for the manufacture of tablets on a commercial scale. The following study aimed to characterize a range of co-processed excipients that may prove suitable for dispersible tablet formulations prepared by direct compression. The dosage form that is used the most is tablets. Their accessibility, simplicity of administration, consistency, and affordability are advantages. Direct compression is the most straightforward method for making tablets, despite the fact that it comes with several challenges, including those connected to the homogeneity and mass variation of the content, disintegration, dissolution, and the radial hardness of the tablets. In today's world, "co-processed excipients," which include frequently processed mixtures of fillers, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, and other excipients, are becoming more popular. Spray drying, fluid bed granulation, wet granulation, melt granulation, dry granulation, and co-crystallization are used to create these mixes. This review article lists technologies, co-processed excipients that are commercially available, and excipients that are typically utilized to make them.

Controlling granule size through breakage in a novel reverse-phase wet granulation process; the effect of impeller speed and binder liquid viscosity

Manufacturing pharmaceutical granules: Is the granulation end-point a myth?

Influence of operation mode and wastewater strength on aerobic granulation at pilot scale: Startup period, granular sludge characteristics, and effluent quality

Particle growth mechanisms in fluidised bed granulation—I: The effect of process variables

Combining microwave resonance technology to multivariate data analysis as a novel PAT tool to improve process understanding in fluid bed granulation

Study growth kinetics in fluidized bed granulation with at-line FBRM

The paper focused on describes a laboratory model of granulation phosphogypsum. Phosphogypsum is a kind of gypsum that occurs as a by-product and was obtained from phosphate rock during the production of phosphoric acid in fertilizer plants. The most optimal conditions for the granulation process were determined. The optimal average grain size of phosphogypsum granules of mineral download for the development of biofilms was determined. The features of the development of matrix of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria under dehydrate phosphogypsum granules was studied. The parameters of granulation process were estimated such as granulation time and humidity of phosphogypsum at process. The optimum humidity range with addition of hydrated lime was observed during the process of dihydrate phosphogypsum granulation. The regression equations for approximated of the impact of these factors for process optimization granulation was developed. The biofilm of biomass was found in the surface of the granules after Micro X-ray analysis. Bacterial matrix penetrates deep into the pores of the thin pellet. The mineral components of granulated material were subjected to enzymatic transformation by cells, forming an internal "bioactive layer". The clusters of amorphous sulfur deposits were formed on the surface of the phosphogypsum granular load, which indicates the active metabolism of Thiobacillus. Using the bio-activity properties under optimum conditions for treatment of the phosphogypsum waste leads to obtain a product that can be safely used in many biotechnological applications.