Graphene oxide incorporated functional materials: A review

Effect of graphene oxide on CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy coatings prepared by the electrodeposition method

Outsole is a crucial component of a shoe’s bottom that directly contacts the ground. Comfort and durability are the most expected characteristics of outsoles. Various nanocomposites are utilized to increase the thermal stability, light weightiness, microporosity, and durability of polymeric materials. In this research, PVC soling composites were prepared using synthesized graphene oxide (GO) from a modified Hummer method. The goal is to improve physical properties like thermal stability or durability, lightweight, tensile strength, and hardness. The GO content in developed soling composites ranged from 0.1% to 0.4% by the colloidal blending method. FTIR, TGA, XRD, and SEM characterized GO and GO/PVC soling composites. The presence of the functional groups C=C, C-O-C, -C=O, and -OH was confirmed by the FTIR spectra of GO, while oxygen-holding functional groups to the layered structure caused the separation of the interlayer space to grow from 0.34 nm to 0.86 nm, according to GO XRD data. XRD results revealed that the GO layers were uniformly distributed in the polymeric matrix of composites. TGA results exhibited that the percentage of mass loss for GO was 81.96% at 800 °C and for soling composites it decreased continuously with an increase in the content of GO, respectively. SEM analysis revealed that the composites with GO showed a homogeneous composite with significantly porous surface morphology. Proportional improvement of tensile strength and hardness for GO-based soling materials were in an increased proportion and density were in a decreased proportion, making the outsole lightweight and durable. Finally, the results suggest that GO/PVC soling composites can improve the durability, mechanical and thermal stability, light weightiness, and microporosity of PVC soles, while the best performance was found for PVC/GO-0.4% soling composites.

Enhanced corrosion resistance by SnCu-graphene oxide composite coatings

Rheology of graphene oxide suspended in yield stress fluid

Neural regeneration requires an optimal environment, including structural, chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties. Alginate (Alg) and graphene oxide (GO) are promising biomaterials for nerve tissue engineering, as Alg provides biocompatibility and hydrogel formation, while GO enhances mechanical strength and conductivity. For this study, GO was synthesized using the modified Hummer’s method, and Alg–GO scaffolds with varying GO concentrations were developed. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the successful incorporation of GO into the Alg matrix, while UV–Vis and photoluminescence analyses demonstrated GO-induced modifications of the optical properties. Thermal analysis revealed improved stability with increasing GO content, whereas swelling tests showed enhanced water uptake and retention. Conductivity measurements indicated a clear improvement in electrical conductivity, particularly at moderate GO concentrations. SEM imaging confirmed a homogeneous distribution of GO within the Alg matrix, with structural uniformity across all samples. Cytocompatibility was assessed using SH–SY5Y neuroblastoma cells through MTT, LDH, and LIVE/DEAD assays. All composites supported cell attachment, viability, and proliferation, with GO concentrations up to 6% promoting optimal cell growth without inducing cytotoxicity. In contrast, excessive GO content (9%) resulted in reduced proliferation, although biocompatibility was maintained. These results highlight the potential of Alg–GO scaffolds as promising candidates for neural tissue engineering. The findings demonstrate the potential of Alg–GO scaffolds as advanced biomaterials for regenerative medicine. Future research should focus on in vivo evaluations to confirm their therapeutic applicability.

This paper reports the preliminary work on the DSSC utilizing reduced graphene oxide (RGO) films counter electrode. The effect of graphene oxide (GO) content on the performance of the DSSC has been investigated. The FESEM images show that the sample contains conductive RGO and non-conductive GO. The RGO samples are crystalline with the diffraction peak at 22.5°. It was found that the short-circuit current density (JSC) and power conversion efficiency (η) of the device are significantly affected by the GO content. The DSSC utilizing RGO film counter electrode prepared using 2.5 mg GO performed the highest JSC, Voc and η of 0.77 mA cm−2, 0.613 V and 0.09 %, respectively. The highest performance of the device is due to highest electronic conductivity, the lowest leak current, bulk resistance (Rb), charge transfer resistance (Rct) and longest charge carrier lifetime. The lower leak current, Rb and Rct, the longer carrier lifetime resulted in the higher JSC and η.

Effect of asphaltene on the emulsions stabilized by graphene oxide: A potential application of graphene oxide in enhanced oil recovery

To explore the effects of the replacement rate of recycled aggregate, the content of graphene oxide (GO) and GO oxygen content on the fracture performance of recycled concrete (RC). In this paper, three point bending method was used to study the fracture property of GO-RC. The results show that the use of recycled aggregate will reduce the fracture property of RC, and the fracture property of RC will gradually improve with the increase of GO content. With the same amount of GO, the strengthening effect of 20% GO with oxygen is better than 40% GO with oxygen. The fracture energy and fracture toughness increase with the addition of GO, so GO plays an important role in improving the fracture performance of RC.

The present research involves producing graphene oxide (GO) using the Hummers method, generating a composite using GO and PVA, and analyzing these composites’ structural and optical characteristics. PVA and GO were used in varied percentages to deal with the issue of how the features of GO/PVA alter depending on concentration. The impact of thermal annealing on the structure and optical characteristics of GO/PVA materials at various concentrations were also investigated. UV-VIS was used to investigate the band gap value of GO/PVA composites. The band gap value changed due to an increase in the concentration of GO in the composites in the PVA and the impact of thermal annealing. The band gap value, specific resistance, and dielectric constant were all found to be well controlled by varying the thermal annealing temperature and the concentration of GO in this case. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed on pure PVA and GO/PVA samples in various percentages of GO in order to examine the effect of temperature on the physical properties of (n = 1, 2, 3, 5, 20%) nGO%/PVA nanocomposites. Thermal stability increased as the fraction of GO in the PVA polymer matrix increased.

This study examines the effect of graphene oxide (GO) concentration on thermal diffusivity in nano-liquid formulations using the thermal lens method. Nano-liquid samples with varied GO concentrations were prepared and analyzed. Results indicate an increase in thermal diffusivity with rising GO concentration up to a threshold, beyond which further increments yield diminishing returns. This behavior is attributed to the unique thermal transport mechanisms enabled by GO nanosheets. These findings offer insights for optimizing GO-based nano-liquids for thermal management applications. Moreover, the study underscores the efficacy of the thermal lens method for probing thermal properties in nanofluid systems.

Preparation of β-cyclodextrin/graphene oxide and its adsorption properties for methylene blue

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites with GO contents of 1, 3, 5 and 7 wt% were prepared by solution mixing followed by film casting. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy observations showed that the GO nanosheets are dispersed uniformly in the PEO matrix. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the nanocomposites revealed that there are hydrogen-bonded interactions between surface carboxylic acid on the GO sheets and ether group of the PEO. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile testing, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that, with increasing GO content in the nanocomposites, the melting temperature and degree of crystallinity decreased while glass transition temperature, tensile modulus, strength and elongation-at-break concurrently increased. DMA results also demonstrated the presence of a rubbery plateau above the melting temperature of the PEO/GO nanocomposites, and the moduli at the plateau region increased with increasing GO content in the nanocomposites, implying that the PEO/GO nanocomposites formed a physically crosslinked structure. PEO/GO nanocomposites with GO contents higher than 5 wt% exhibited excellent thermally and infrared-triggered shape memory behavior.

We investigate the role of structure and chemical composition on the uptake of poly(ethylene oxide) by a series of graphite oxides (GOs) and thermally reduced GOs, leading to the formation of polymer-intercalated GO and polymer-adsorbed graphene nanostructures. To this end, a series of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) - GO hybrid materials exhibiting a variable degree of GO oxidation and exfoliation has been investigated in detail using a combination of techniques including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, scanning-electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption. Intercalation of the polymer phase into well-defined GO galleries is found to correlate well with both the degree of GO oxidation and with the presence of hydroxyl groups. The latter feature is an essential prerequisite to optimize polymer uptake owing to the predominance of hydrogen-bonding interactions between intercalant and host. Unlike the bulk polymer, these intercalation compounds show neither crystallisation nor glass-transition associated with the polymer phase. Exfoliation and reduction of GO result in high-surface-area graphene layers exhibiting the highest polymer uptake in these GO-based materials. In this case, PEO undergoes surface adsorption, where we observe the recovery of glass and melting transitions associated with the polymer phase albeit at significantly lower temperatures than the bulk.

In this study, a method has been developed to coat metal powder particles (Fe, 316L stainless steel and Cu) with graphene oxide (GO). The method is based on using a pH window where opposite zeta potentials cause the GO sheets to be attracted to the passive oxide layer of the metal powder surface and a rotary evaporator mixing to achieve good dispersion and control the concentration of GO. The pH-dependent interactions of GO and Cu and Fe metal powders in solution have been investigated by mixing the metal powder with GO dispersions between pH 4.2 and 11.3, and it could be observed that GO attached to the metal powder surfaces up to pH ~8 for both Cu and Fe. At lower pH the zeta potential of GO becomes less negative and oxidation of the metal becomes more prominent. Based on these observations, a pH window just below the IEP of the surface metal oxides was used to adhere GO on metal powders in a rotary evaporator with controlled GO concentrations and good distribution of the GO sheets which was verified with SEM and Raman spectroscopy mapping. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy has been used to evaluate the GO and the metal oxides. Some relevant powder properties were investigated before and after coating of GO. The reflectance of Cu powders in the near-infrared 1070 nm wavelength range was reduced by up to 66 %, depending on the amount of GO coating. Flowability measurements showed that the flowability of the coated 316L powder could be improved significantly while the flowability of pure Fe powder was relatively unaffected by the coating. The results show that GO coated metal powder can be useful in additive manufacturing processes using a laser powder fusion technique where low reflectance and high flowability are important.

The poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/graphene oxide (GO) composites containing different GO contents were prepared. The dispersion of GO was investigated using optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that GO exhibited good dispersion in the polar PBS matrix. The rheological measurements showed that the presence of GO induced largely increased melt viscosity for the composites. Specifically, high content of GO formed the percolated network structure. The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed that the non-isothermal crystallization behavior of PBS was influenced by GO content and cooling rate. At relatively small content, GO dramatically accelerated the crystallization of PBS. More integrated PBS crystalline structure was achieved by introducing GO. The nucleation effect of GO in the composites was proved further by the variation of isothermal crystallization morphologies.